PART 1: 🔥 Infosys Selenium Automation Interview Questions & Answers | Crack Your Next Interview! 🚀

Summary

This video provides an in-depth overview of key Selenium interview questions, focusing on topics like types of waits (implicit, explicit, fluent), handling dynamic web elements, mouse and keyboard actions, and using the Page Factory design pattern. It also covers driver roles, JavaScript execution for scrolling, multiple window handling, and the differences between Selenium 3 and 4. Additionally, the video touches on locators, screenshot capturing, and offers helpful behavioral tips for interviews. Overall, the session is a comprehensive guide for those preparing for automation testing interviews, especially in Selenium.

Takeaways

• 😀 Selenium offers three types of waits: Implicit, Explicit, and Fluent. Implicit wait applies globally, while Explicit and Fluent waits are used for specific conditions and elements.
• 😀 Implicit Wait helps handle synchronization issues by waiting for a fixed time before throwing a 'No Such Element' exception when an element is not found.
• 😀 Explicit Wait is used for waiting on specific elements and conditions, such as visibility or clickability, and can be tailored with different expected conditions.
• 😀 Fluent Wait allows you to define both a maximum wait time and polling frequency, making it more flexible than the other two wait types.
• 😀 Dynamic web elements can be handled by using strategies like XPath functions (contains, starts-with), text matching, and parent-child relationships in the DOM.
• 😀 Mouse and keyboard actions can be simulated using the Actions class, such as performing right-clicks, mouse movement, drag-and-drop, and keypresses.
• 😀 The WebDriver acts as the mediator between the test script and the browser, allowing the automation of browser interactions like opening, navigating, and closing the browser.
• 😀 Page Factory in Selenium is used for initializing elements in the Page Object Model (POM) to improve code maintainability and avoid redundancy.
• 😀 Selenium 4 introduced W3C protocol support, enhanced grid support using Docker, and features like relative locators and Chrome DevTools integration.
• 😀 Locators in Selenium (ID, Name, XPath, CSS, etc.) are essential for identifying elements on a webpage to interact with them in test scripts.
• 😀 Taking screenshots in Selenium involves using the TakeScreenshot interface, which supports saving images in various formats like file, byte array, or base64 encoding.

Q & A

What are the different types of waits in Selenium and how do they differ?

There are three main types of waits in Selenium: Implicit Wait, Explicit Wait, and Fluent Wait. Implicit Wait is applied globally and waits for a set amount of time for elements to appear. Explicit Wait is applied to a specific element or condition and allows for waiting until certain criteria are met, such as an element being visible or clickable. Fluent Wait is similar to Explicit Wait but allows for more flexibility by specifying the polling frequency and handling exceptions during the wait.

How do you handle dynamic web elements in Selenium?

To handle dynamic web elements in Selenium, you can use XPath functions like 'contains', 'starts-with', and 'normalize-space' to locate elements that have changing attributes. Additionally, strategies like using parent-child or sibling relationships in XPath, and combining multiple conditions, are effective when dealing with dynamic elements.

What is the role of the WebDriver in Selenium?

The WebDriver in Selenium acts as the core interface between the Selenium script and the browser. It allows the automation script to perform actions such as opening, interacting with, and closing the browser. It serves as a bridge that sends commands to the browser, executes them, and returns results.

Can you explain what Page Factory is in Selenium and why it is used?

Page Factory is a class in Selenium that is used to initialize the web elements in the Page Object Model (POM) design pattern. It helps reduce redundancy in code by initializing elements using the 'findBy' annotation and offers efficient management of web elements, leading to cleaner and more maintainable test scripts.

What is the difference between Selenium 3 and Selenium 4?

Selenium 3 uses the JSON Wire Protocol for communication between the client and the server, while Selenium 4 uses the W3C Protocol, which is the standardized communication protocol. Selenium 4 also introduces new features like improved browser driver integration, the ability to handle DevTools protocols, and better grid capabilities, including the use of Docker for containerized node deployments.

How do you handle multiple windows in Selenium?

In Selenium, you can handle multiple windows using window handles. First, get the handle of the current window using 'driver.getWindowHandle()'. To switch between windows, use 'driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle)' where 'windowHandle' is the ID of the window you want to switch to. After switching to the child window, you can perform actions or close the window and return to the parent window.

What are some common locators in Selenium and why are they important?

Common locators in Selenium include ID, Name, Class Name, Tag Name, CSS, XPath, Link Text, and Partial Link Text. These locators are important because they help identify web elements on a page so that automation scripts can interact with them, such as entering text, clicking, or selecting options. Efficient locator strategies ensure precise and stable element identification for reliable automation.

What is the purpose of driver.getTitle() in Selenium?

The 'driver.getTitle()' method in Selenium is used to retrieve the title of the current web page. It is often used to verify that the correct page has loaded or for validation during test execution.

How do you perform mouse actions in Selenium?

Mouse actions in Selenium are performed using the Actions class. To simulate mouse movements or right-clicks, you first need to locate the element, create an instance of the Actions class, and then call methods such as 'contextClick()' for right-click or 'moveToElement()' to hover over an element. After defining the action, you can execute it using the 'perform()' method.

What is the purpose of using JavaScriptExecutor in Selenium?

JavaScriptExecutor is used in Selenium to execute JavaScript code within the context of the web page. It is helpful when you need to interact with elements that cannot be accessed through regular WebDriver methods, such as scrolling the page, getting the title, or manipulating elements directly using JavaScript.