45. MATAN TAQRIB | Kitab ZAKAT | Syarat Wajib Zakat

Summary

This transcript provides a detailed explanation of zakat, focusing on its definition, types of wealth subject to zakat, and the conditions for giving it. It highlights the key categories of wealth that require zakat, such as livestock, gold and silver (including money), grains, fruits, and trade goods. The script also outlines the six necessary conditions for zakat, including being Muslim, owning a complete property, and having the wealth for a full lunar year. The discussion is based on the Matan Abi Syuja, a classical Islamic jurisprudence text in the Shafi'i school of thought.

Takeaways

• 😀 Zakat is a required charity in Islam, where a specific portion of wealth is given to designated categories of people in need.
• 😀 Zakat applies to five categories of wealth: livestock, currency (gold, silver, and money), grains, fruits, and trade goods.
• 😀 The obligation of zakat is proven by several Quranic verses and Hadiths, emphasizing its importance in purifying wealth and the soul.
• 😀 Livestock such as camels, cows, and goats are subject to zakat when they are owned and grazed under specific conditions.
• 😀 The Quranic verse 'Take from their wealth zakat' serves as a key source for understanding zakat’s general obligation.
• 😀 Zakat is not limited to a specific category of wealth but applies broadly to wealth that reaches a certain threshold (nisab).
• 😀 Zakat must be given after the wealth has been owned for a full lunar year, except for certain cases like harvested crops or found property.
• 😀 The wealth must be in a form that is beneficial and able to be used for zakat, such as livestock that has been grazed (not fed artificially).
• 😀 Zakat serves not only to help the poor but also purifies the wealth and soul of the giver.
• 😀 Specific rules apply to different forms of zakat (e.g., animals that are grazed and owned for a year must pay zakat).
• 😀 There is ongoing debate among scholars about the conditions and permissible distribution of zakat, such as whether it can be moved between regions.

Q & A

What is the meaning of zakat in Arabic and Indonesian?

In Arabic, zakat means 'growth' or 'increase'. In Indonesian, it is understood as 'growth' or 'an increase'. In religious terms, zakat refers to a portion of certain wealth that is given to specific groups of people, usually the poor.

What are the five main categories of assets that are subject to zakat?

The five main categories of assets subject to zakat are: livestock (such as camels, cattle, and sheep), gold and silver (including currency like Rupiah or US dollars), grains, fruits, and business trade goods.

What are the three types of livestock that are subject to zakat?

The three types of livestock that are subject to zakat are camels, cattle (including buffaloes), and sheep (including goats).

What is the general ruling regarding the obligation of zakat?

The general ruling regarding zakat is that it is obligatory on certain types of wealth, as mentioned in the Quran and Hadith. It serves as a purification of both the wealth and the individual, and the zakat helps to purify the hearts and possessions of the person giving it.

What are the key conditions that make zakat obligatory?

The key conditions for zakat to be obligatory include: the individual must be a Muslim, they must be free (not a slave), they must own the wealth in full, the wealth must meet the nisab (minimum threshold), and the wealth must have been in possession for a full lunar year.

What is nisab, and why is it important for zakat?

Nisab refers to the minimum amount of wealth a person must have before zakat becomes obligatory. Each type of wealth has its own nisab, which is the threshold that must be reached before zakat is due.

What is the significance of the lunar year in the context of zakat?

A lunar year is required for zakat to be due on wealth. This means that the wealth must be in possession for a full Islamic year (based on the lunar calendar) before it is subject to zakat.

Why must certain livestock be grazed rather than fed artificially for zakat to be obligatory?

For zakat to be obligatory on livestock, they must be grazed naturally in the open pasture. If they are fed artificially or raised for sale (as opposed to grazing freely), they may not meet the conditions for zakat.

Can zakat be transferred to a different region or country?

While some scholars allow the transfer of zakat to different regions or countries, the general view from this lecture is that zakat should be given to the poor and needy within the same area where the wealth was generated, as indicated in the hadith about giving zakat to the poor of the area where the wealth originates.

What is the role of zakat in purifying wealth and the giver's soul?

Zakat serves as a purification of both the giver’s wealth and their soul. It cleanses the wealth from greed and selfishness, and it helps purify the heart of the individual, fostering generosity and reducing attachment to material possessions.