Acidentes com Animais Peçonhentos - Acidente Ofídico - Agente de Saúde e Agente de Endemias

Summary

In this educational video, the instructor delves into the topic of venomous animal accidents in Brazil, specifically focusing on snake bites. The lesson covers various types of venomous snake bites, including the causes, symptoms, and potential complications of accidents caused by species like jararaca, cascavel, surucucu, and coral snakes. The instructor emphasizes the importance of understanding the clinical manifestations, such as local swelling, bleeding, and systemic effects like renal failure or respiratory issues. The video also discusses the different antivenoms for treatment, making it a crucial resource for those studying medical emergencies related to snake bites.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script covers the topic of venomous animal accidents, specifically focusing on snake bites (accidentes ofídicos).
• 😀 An ofídic accident is caused by the bite of a venomous snake, with or without envenomation, which can result in local or systemic symptoms.
• 😀 The four main types of snake-related accidents in Brazil are: Bopocopic (jararaca, urutu), Crotalic (cascavel), Lacetic (surucucu), and Elapidic (coral).
• 😀 The Bopocopic accidents are the most common in Brazil and are caused by snakes like jararaca and urutu.
• 😀 Crotalic accidents are caused by the rattlesnake species 'Crotalus durissus' and are typically associated with mild local symptoms and severe systemic complications like respiratory failure.
• 😀 Lacetic accidents (caused by surucucu snakes) can present symptoms similar to Bopocopic accidents but with the addition of gastrointestinal issues, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
• 😀 Elapidic accidents are caused by coral snakes (Micrurus), with symptoms like paralysis and respiratory issues.
• 😀 Local symptoms of snake bites can include edema, bruising, and necrosis, and systemic symptoms may involve bleeding, hypotension, and renal failure.
• 😀 The primary complications from Bopocopic accidents are acute renal failure, while Crotalic accidents can lead to acute respiratory failure.
• 😀 Treatment involves the administration of specific antivenom depending on the type of snake bite, with the dosage depending on the severity of the poisoning.

Q & A

What is an 'accident ofídico'?

An 'accident ofídico' is an accident caused by the bite of a venomous snake, which may or may not involve poisoning. The venom is injected through the fangs, potentially causing both local and systemic effects in the body.

Can an 'accident ofídico' occur without envenomation?

Yes, an accident ofídico can occur with or without envenomation. The key factor is the snake bite itself, not necessarily the introduction of venom.

What are the four types of snake-related accidents in Brazil?

The four types of snake-related accidents in Brazil are: 1) Bóphic accident, caused by snakes of the genus 'Bothrops'; 2) Crotalic accident, caused by the 'Crotalus' species, particularly the rattlesnake; 3) Lacetic accident, caused by snakes of the genus 'Lachesis'; 4) Elapidic accident, caused by snakes of the genus 'Micrurus' and 'Leptomicrurus', such as the true coral snake.

What is the most common type of snake accident in Brazil?

The most common type of snake accident in Brazil is the 'Bóphic accident,' caused by species such as the jararaca, jararacuçu, and urutu, among others.

What symptoms are typically seen in the local area after a Bóphic accident?

In a Bóphic accident, common local symptoms include edema (swelling), equimosis (bruising), and potentially blisters containing serous or hemorrhagic fluid. There may also be necrosis and secondary infections, which can lead to amputation or functional deficits in the affected limb.

What is a key complication of a Bóphic accident?

A key complication of a Bóphic accident is acute renal failure, which is often a cause of death in severe cases.

What is the primary symptom of a Crotalic accident in Brazil?

In a Crotalic accident, the primary symptoms include mild local pain and edema, but systemic effects are mainly neurotoxic, such as sensory disturbances, paralysis, and respiratory issues. Acute respiratory failure can occur in severe cases.

What are the distinguishing features of a Lacetic accident compared to a Bóphic accident?

Both Lacetic and Bóphic accidents show similar local and systemic symptoms, but Lacetic accidents also present additional gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, hypotension, and shock. These are not observed in Bóphic accidents.

Which snake is primarily responsible for Elapidic accidents in Brazil?

Elapidic accidents in Brazil are primarily caused by the true coral snake, specifically the species 'Micrurus,' which is the most important venomous snake of the Elapidae family in the country.

How are snake bite accidents treated in Brazil?

The treatment for snake bite accidents in Brazil involves the administration of specific antivenoms depending on the type of snake involved. The severity of envenomation determines the number of antivenom ampoules needed, and the treatment must be tailored to the individual's condition.