FISSURA LABIOPALATINA | SÉRIE SAÚDE BRASIL

Summary

This video educates viewers about cleft lip and palate, a common congenital condition affecting facial features like the lips, nose, and palate. It explores its causes, including genetic and environmental factors, as well as the impact it has on a child's social and functional life. Early diagnosis, often during pregnancy, is emphasized, with a focus on surgical treatment and multidisciplinary care. The video highlights the importance of timely intervention for speech, eating, and overall quality of life, stressing the crucial role of healthcare professionals and family involvement in ensuring the child's well-being and development.

Takeaways

• 😀 Cleft lip and palate (commonly known as cleft lip) is a congenital deformity that occurs during embryonic development, affecting the lips, nose, and palate, and may range in severity.
• 😀 The incidence of cleft lip and palate in Brazil is notably higher than in other countries, with one case occurring for every 600 live births.
• 😀 Cleft lip and palate can result from genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both, including medication use, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and nutritional deficiencies.
• 😀 Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, with the condition often detected in utero around 22-26 weeks of pregnancy using ultrasound technology.
• 😀 Proper prenatal care is essential for detecting cleft lip and palate early, ensuring the mother receives necessary medical guidance and nutritional support.
• 😀 If untreated, cleft lip and palate can lead to significant functional and aesthetic issues, such as speech impairments, difficulties with swallowing and eating, and social stigmatization.
• 😀 The treatment of cleft lip and palate is multidisciplinary, involving surgeons, orthodontists, speech therapists, nutritionists, and psychologists throughout the child's growth.
• 😀 The first surgery, typically performed between 3-4 months of age, aims to correct the cleft lip, while subsequent surgeries focus on repairing the palate and addressing dental concerns.
• 😀 Post-surgery recovery is generally swift in children, with most recovering in a matter of weeks, and regular follow-ups are essential to monitor speech development and prevent complications.
• 😀 Psychological support is vital for both the child and family, helping them cope with social challenges, potential stigma, and the emotional impact of the condition.
• 😀 The treatment for cleft lip and palate is free of charge through the Brazilian public healthcare system (SUS), with multiple centers of reference available for families seeking care.

Q & A

What is cleft lip and palate (lábio leporino) and how does it affect the body?

Cleft lip and palate (lábio leporino) is a congenital malformation that occurs during embryonic development. It leads to deformities in the lips, nose, and the roof of the mouth (palate), which may be unilateral or bilateral, affecting one or both sides of the lip and/or the palate. This condition can impact aesthetic appearance, speech, feeding, and dental development.

How common is cleft lip and palate in Brazil compared to other countries?

The incidence of cleft lip and palate in Brazil is higher than in other countries. While the global average is about 1 in 1,000 live births, in Brazil, the occurrence is approximately 1 in 600 live births.

What are the primary causes of cleft lip and palate?

Cleft lip and palate are considered multifactorial diseases, with potential causes including genetic factors, environmental influences like medication use during pregnancy (e.g., anticonvulsants, corticosteroids), alcohol consumption, nutritional deficiencies (e.g., folic acid and vitamin B12), diabetes, and maternal stress.

Can cleft lip and palate be detected before birth?

Yes, cleft lip and palate can often be diagnosed during pregnancy through ultrasound, typically between the 22nd and 26th week of gestation. In some cases, it can be detected earlier with advanced imaging technologies.

What is the importance of prenatal care in preventing cleft lip and palate?

Prenatal care is crucial not only for detecting cleft lip and palate early but also for preventing it by addressing potential risk factors like maternal alcohol use, medication, or poor nutrition. Early diagnosis allows for proper intervention and preparation for the birth.

What are the main consequences of untreated cleft lip and palate?

If left untreated, cleft lip and palate can lead to significant aesthetic and functional issues. Aesthetic consequences include visible deformities in the face, lips, and nose, while functional issues can affect speech, feeding, swallowing, and dental development.

How does cleft lip and palate affect speech and feeding in children?

Children with cleft lip and palate may experience difficulty speaking clearly, especially if the palate is affected. They may also struggle with feeding due to problems with sucking and swallowing, which can lead to nutritional challenges and delayed growth.

What role does surgery play in treating cleft lip and palate?

Surgery is a key part of treating cleft lip and palate. The primary goal is to correct the deformities and enable the child to integrate into society. The first surgery usually occurs between 3 and 4 months of age, focusing on repairing the lip, with subsequent surgeries addressing the palate and other functional needs.

What is the role of the multidisciplinary team in the treatment of cleft lip and palate?

The treatment of cleft lip and palate requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving surgeons, pediatricians, speech therapists, nutritionists, psychologists, and other specialists. Each professional contributes to the child's overall development, addressing aesthetic, functional, and emotional aspects of recovery.

What are the challenges faced during the recovery process for children with cleft lip and palate?

The recovery process for children with cleft lip and palate can be affected by several factors, including infections, delays in follow-up visits, and the family's adherence to the treatment plan. Consistent medical monitoring and support from the family are critical for ensuring successful treatment outcomes.