REINO MONERA 🦠 (Definição, Características e Classificação)

Summary

This video explains the Monera kingdom, which consists of prokaryotic organisms, including bacteria, that lack a defined nucleus. These organisms are found in various ecosystems and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. The video explores their structures, including the bacterial capsule, cell wall, and membrane, along with their metabolic processes. It also covers the classification of Monera into archaebacteria and eubacteria, with details on their unique characteristics and survival in extreme environments. Additionally, it highlights the significance of bacteria in the ecosystem, from energy production to decomposition.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Monera Kingdom consists of prokaryotic organisms, including bacteria, which are unicellular with no defined nucleus and range from 3 to 5 micrometers in size.
• 😀 These organisms are among the oldest, most widespread, and numerous on Earth, inhabiting all types of ecosystems, both aquatic and terrestrial.
• 😀 Organisms in the Monera Kingdom can be either autotrophic (self-feeding) or heterotrophic (feeding on others), depending on their nutritional needs.
• 😀 Monera organisms can exist as individual cells or in colonies formed by cell division without subsequent separation.
• 😀 They may exhibit various shapes such as cocci, bacilli, vibrios, and spirilla, and some can change shape based on environmental conditions.
• 😀 Bacteria in this kingdom perform energy metabolism mainly through glycolysis, oxidizing glucose, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats to generate energy.
• 😀 Pathogenic bacteria are heterotrophic and obtain nutrients, including nitrogen, from organic and inorganic sources.
• 😀 Monera organisms lack organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum, and reproduce asexually through binary fission.
• 😀 The structural components of Monera organisms include the bacterial capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and flagella.
• 😀 The kingdom's classification distinguishes between two main groups: Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria) and Eubacteria (true bacteria), with Archaebacteria known for surviving extreme environmental conditions.
• 😀 Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are the only prokaryotic organisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis and can grow up to 60 micrometers in size.

Q & A

What is the Monera kingdom, and what type of organisms does it consist of?

The Monera kingdom consists of prokaryotic organisms, which are unicellular with no defined nucleus. These organisms, such as bacteria, range in size from 3 to 5 micrometers and are some of the oldest and most numerous life forms on Earth.

What is the nutritional mode of organisms in the Monera kingdom?

Organisms in the Monera kingdom can have either autotrophic or heterotrophic modes of nutrition. Some can synthesize their own food (autotrophic), while others depend on external organic and inorganic sources (heterotrophic).

What is the significance of the cell division process in Monera organisms?

Monera organisms can divide and form colonies through a process known as binary fission, where cells divide but do not separate, leading to the formation of clusters of cells.

How do Monera organisms obtain energy?

Monera organisms use a process of glucose oxidation to obtain energy. They can metabolize glucose, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Some bacteria even use inorganic carbon sources.

What are the key structural components found in Monera organisms?

Monera organisms have several key structural components, including the bacterial capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid (where DNA is located), ribosomes, flagella, and pili. These components help them survive and function in various environments.

What is the function of the bacterial capsule in Monera organisms?

The bacterial capsule is a protective structure found outside the cell wall. It helps the bacteria adhere to surfaces and resist being ingested by immune cells such as macrophages.

How do Monera organisms move, and what structures are involved?

Monera organisms move using flagella, which are tail-like structures that enable locomotion. These flagella are different from those found in eukaryotic cells.

What is the role of ribosomes in Monera organisms?

Ribosomes in Monera organisms are responsible for protein synthesis. They differ from eukaryotic ribosomes in their sedimentation coefficient, which is similar to those found in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

How are Monera organisms classified?

Monera organisms were originally classified into two groups: eubacteria and archaebacteria. However, archaebacteria are now considered distinct and are classified separately due to their unique evolutionary history. Eubacteria are known as true bacteria, and archaebacteria can survive in extreme environments.

What are cianobacteria, and what is their ecological role?

Cianobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are prokaryotic organisms capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. They are important in ecosystems as they contribute to oxygen production and can grow to large sizes, reaching up to 60 micrometers.