O que é e como funciona a ONU? | Nerdologia

Summary

This video explores the United Nations (UN), its structure, functions, and the roles of its various organs. It explains the responsibilities of the General Assembly, the Security Council, and other key bodies like the International Court of Justice. The video emphasizes that the UN operates through the collective will of its member states, not as a sovereign entity, and highlights the importance of its peacekeeping efforts and specialized agencies like the WHO and UNESCO. The video also touches on the history of the UN and the challenges it faces in executing global mandates.

Takeaways

• 😀 The United Nations (UN) is an international organization created after World War II to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations, but it does not have its own independent will or the power to override state sovereignty.
• 😀 The UN consists of five main bodies: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the International Court of Justice, the Economic and Social Council, and the Secretariat, each with specific roles and responsibilities.
• 😀 The General Assembly is the primary deliberative body of the UN, where all member countries have a vote, and decisions are made based on majority voting.
• 😀 The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It can take binding decisions, including economic sanctions and military interventions, but its resolutions require agreement from the five permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States), who hold veto power.
• 😀 The UN's Secretariat manages the administration of the organization's work and provides support for its missions, under the leadership of the Secretary-General.
• 😀 The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) coordinates cooperation between member states and specialized UN agencies, contributing to the economic and social development of the world.
• 😀 The International Court of Justice, based in The Hague, settles legal disputes between states and issues advisory opinions on legal questions referred by the General Assembly, Security Council, or other authorized UN bodies.
• 😀 The UN is headquartered in New York, but it also has offices in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi. It has six official languages: English, French, Russian, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic.
• 😀 The UN operates through specialized agencies, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), UNESCO, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), each focusing on specific global issues.
• 😀 The UN's various funds and programs, like UNICEF, provide support for specific causes, such as children's rights, and are funded by member states based on the size of their economies.

Q & A

What is the primary function of the United Nations (ONU)?

The primary function of the United Nations (ONU) is to serve as an international organization that unites countries and facilitates cooperation on global issues, such as peace, security, and human rights. It does not have its own will, but reflects the collective will of its member states.

How does the United Nations make decisions?

Decisions within the United Nations are made by its member states, not by the organization itself. Member states vote on resolutions, and decisions, such as sanctions or interventions, are carried out collectively by the countries involved, with each country's government making the final decision.

What is the role of the General Assembly of the UN?

The General Assembly is the principal deliberative body of the United Nations, composed of all its member states. It is responsible for making key decisions, including electing members to other UN organs, debating global issues, and approving the annual budget.

What is the Security Council and what power does it hold?

The Security Council is one of the main organs of the United Nations, responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has the authority to make binding decisions, including sanctions and military interventions. It is the only UN body that can issue such resolutions, and these must be approved by all permanent members with veto power.

What is the role of the Secretary-General of the United Nations?

The Secretary-General leads the Secretariat and oversees the administrative functions of the UN. They also serve as a mediator in conflicts, can call on the Security Council to address threats to peace, and are responsible for managing global diplomatic efforts within the organization.

How is the membership in the Security Council structured?

The Security Council consists of 15 members: 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) with veto power, and 10 rotating, non-permanent members elected for two-year terms. These members are selected based on geographical distribution.

What is the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and what is its purpose?

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) coordinates the economic and social activities of the UN and its specialized agencies. It is composed of 54 member states, elected for three-year terms, and works to promote international cooperation on issues such as human rights and development.

What is the International Court of Justice and what is its role?

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the judicial branch of the UN, responsible for settling disputes between states and giving advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by the UN organs or specialized agencies.

What are some of the specialized agencies of the United Nations?

Some specialized agencies of the UN include the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the World Bank. These agencies focus on specific areas like health, education, and economic development.

What is the significance of the UN's structure of rotating member states and veto power in the Security Council?

The UN's structure of rotating member states and the veto power in the Security Council ensures that decisions are made with global representation and consensus. The veto power gives permanent members significant influence over the outcomes of international decisions, while the rotating members represent different regions and perspectives.