Literatura - Contexto Histórico do Trovadorismo #ENEM

Summary

In this video, Professor Flávio Machado introduces the historical context of the Trovadorismo literary movement, which emerged in the 12th century. He explores the societal influences of medieval feudalism, including the dominance of the church and the division of classes, which profoundly impacted the arts. The professor explains how Trovadorismo contributed to the development of the Portuguese language through its cantigas, poetic songs that are tied to music. The video also discusses the significance of this period for the formation of Portugal and the cultural legacy that extends into modern-day Brazil. The lesson sets the stage for a deeper dive into the specific characteristics of cantigas in future classes.

Takeaways

• 😀 The teacher, Professor Flávio Machado, is relaunching literature and writing lessons with new content and materials for better quality and accessibility.
• 😀 The main focus of this lesson is the historical context of the 'Trovadorismo' (Troubadourism) literary movement, essential to understanding medieval society and its cultural impact.
• 😀 Trovadorismo began in the 12th century, emerging as the first literary movements in Portuguese language, rooted in the medieval feudal system and Catholic teachings.
• 😀 The Trovadorismo period is characterized by 'cantigas' (songs), which were poems designed to be sung, and they can be categorized into 'cantigas de amor' (songs of love) and 'cantigas de amigo' (songs of friendship).
• 😀 'Cantigas' have specific characteristics, including repetition and parallelism, making them memorable and accessible to the common people, especially peasants.
• 😀 The language used in these 'cantigas' is Galician-Portuguese, marking the early stages of Portuguese language development, later evolving into modern Portuguese.
• 😀 The medieval feudal society is divided into rigid classes, with little mobility between them: nobility, clergy, and peasants. The clergy had more political power than the monarchs during this time.
• 😀 The church (clergy) had significant control over political and social life, with the idea that the soul was more valuable than material possessions, making the clergy superior to the monarchy.
• 😀 The lesson includes references to how the Trovadorismo relates to feudalism, with themes of vassalage, servitude, and the power dynamics between kings and the church.
• 😀 Two films, 'The Secret of Kells' and 'The Name of the Rose', are recommended to better understand the medieval context and the influence of the church on society and culture during that period.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video in terms of literature?

The main focus of the video is to explain the historical context of the 'Trovadorismo' (Troubadourism) literary movement and its impact on the Portuguese language, particularly through its connection with the medieval society and the role of language in the formation of Portugal as a nation.

When did the Trovadorismo movement begin, and why is its exact starting point unclear?

Trovadorismo began around the 12th century, specifically around 1189 or 1198. The exact starting point is unclear because there is no definitive historical record. Some scholars even place its beginning as late as 1200.

How does the Trovadorismo period relate to the formation of the Portuguese language?

Trovadorismo is crucial in the formation of the Portuguese language, as it was one of the earliest recorded literary movements in the Galego-Portuguese language, which eventually evolved into the Portuguese spoken in Portugal and later in Brazil after the 1500s.

What were the two main types of cantigas (songs) during Trovadorismo, and how are they different?

The two main types of cantigas were 'Cantigas de Amor' (songs of love) and 'Cantigas de Amigo' (songs of friendship). The 'Cantigas de Amor' were more sophisticated, while the 'Cantigas de Amigo' were simpler and repetitive, designed to be easily memorized and sung by the common people.

Why were cantigas written with musicality in mind?

Cantigas were written with music in mind because they were intended to be performed with music. This made them more accessible to the public and allowed the lyrics to spread widely through singing.

How did medieval society influence the literature of the Trovadorismo period?

Medieval society, particularly the feudal system and the dominance of the Church, deeply influenced Trovadorismo literature. The societal structure and the widespread belief in the importance of the soul over material wealth shaped the themes of love, honor, and divine justice present in the cantigas.

What is the significance of the Church's role in the Trovadorismo period?

The Church played a significant role in legitimizing the power of kings and shaping the socio-political order. It had more control over political matters than even the monarchy, and its teachings influenced the themes and moral outlook of Trovadorismo literature.

What are 'Cancioneiros' and what is their significance in the context of Trovadorismo?

Cancioneiros are collections of cantigas compiled into books. These works preserve the songs of the Trovadorismo period, and some of the most famous examples are the 'Cancioneiro da Ajuda' and 'Cancioneiro da Vaticana,' which are important historical records of the literature and music of that time.

How did the feudal system impact the production of cantigas?

The feudal system impacted the production of cantigas by limiting artistic production to the nobility and the clergy. Only these social classes had the resources and cultural influence to produce and perform the cantigas, which were often written and performed by nobles or religious figures.

What role did the plague (Peste Negra) play in Trovadorismo literature?

The Peste Negra (Black Plague) influenced the literature of the time by contributing to a sense of despair and mortality. The plague’s impact on society is reflected in the cantigas, particularly in the satirical and critical tones of the 'Cantigas de Escárnio e Maldizer' (songs of mockery and insult).