Aminas. Nomenclatura Química Orgánica Parte 1

EMMANUEL ASESORÍAS

22 Jan 201711:00

Summary

TLDRThis educational script discusses the systematic nomenclature of amines, focusing on identifying nitrogen atoms and their substituents within molecular structures. It explains the process of naming amines based on the carbon chain length and the position of substituents, such as methyl and ethyl groups. The script also covers more complex examples involving multiple nitrogen atoms and the use of prefixes like 'di', 'tri', and 'amino' to denote the number of nitrogen atoms in the chain. The aim is to provide a clear understanding of how to name various amines according to their structural features.

Takeaways

🧪 The naming of amines is based on the presence of a nitrogen atom within the molecule, which can be alone or accompanied by hydrogens.
🔍 Identification of alkyl groups is crucial, as they are carbon-containing groups attached to the nitrogen atom.
📚 The prefixes 'mono-', 'di-', and 'tri-' are used to denote the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen.
📝 In the naming process, the longest carbon chain containing the amine group is identified first.
🔡 Alphabetical order is followed when naming multiple substituents; for example, 'ethyl' comes before 'methyl'.
🔄 When multiple amine groups are present, the chain is numbered to give the lowest possible numbers to the amine groups.
📐 The position of the nitrogen atom and the substituents on the carbon chain dictate the structure and naming of the amine.
🔑 Secondary amines have two bonds to the nitrogen atom, and the naming reflects the carbon chain and the position of these bonds.
🌉 In cases where the nitrogen is connected to three carbons, the substituent is named accordingly, such as 'isopropyl'.
🔗 When the nitrogen is in the middle of the carbon chain, the naming includes the prefixes for the substituents in alphabetical order followed by the term 'amine'.
🔢 For complex structures with multiple amine groups, the longest carbon chain containing all amine groups is identified, and the amine groups are numbered sequentially.

Q & A

What is the main characteristic of amines that allows them to be identified?
-Amines can be identified by the presence of a nitrogen atom in their molecular structure, which can be alone or accompanied by hydrogen atoms.
How are the alkyl groups named when they are attached to a nitrogen atom in an amine?
-The alkyl groups are named based on the number of carbons they contain. For example, a one-carbon group is called methyl, and a two-carbon group is called ethyl.
What prefix is used when there are two identical alkyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom?
-When there are two identical alkyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, the prefix 'di-' is used, as in 'dimethyl'.
How is the numbering of carbons determined in amine structures?
-The numbering of carbons in amine structures is determined by identifying the longest continuous chain of carbons that includes the nitrogen atom and any substituents.
What is the naming convention for amines with three carbon substituents?
-For amines with three carbon substituents, the term 'isopropyl' is used to describe the two linear and one branched carbon structure.
What does 'sec-butyl' indicate in the naming of an amine?
-'Sec-butyl' indicates a secondary butyl group, which means it has four carbons with three in a linear arrangement and one branching off.
How is the naming of amines with multiple nitrogen atoms different from those with a single nitrogen atom?
-In amines with multiple nitrogen atoms, the term 'amino' is changed to 'amines', and the positions of the nitrogen atoms on the carbon chain are indicated by their carbon numbers.
What is the term used for a compound with three amino groups attached to a five-carbon chain?
-A compound with three amino groups attached to a five-carbon chain is named as '1,3,5-triamino-pentano'.
How are amines with complex structures named?
-Complex amine structures are named by identifying the longest carbon chain that contains the amino groups and then numbering the carbons to indicate the positions of the amino groups.
What is the significance of the prefixes 'tri-', 'di-', and 'mono-' in the naming of amines?
-The prefixes 'tri-', 'di-', and 'mono-' are used to indicate the number of amino groups attached to the carbon chain, with 'tri-' for three, 'di-' for two, and 'mono-' for one.

Outlines

00:00

🧪 Naming Amines Based on Molecular Structure

The first paragraph discusses the process of naming amines by identifying the nitrogen atom within their molecular structure. It explains that amines are recognized by the presence of a nitrogen atom, which may be alone or accompanied by hydrogen atoms. The paragraph details the identification of alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, using the example of dimethyl (di- prefix for two carbons) and ethyl (two carbons, alphabetically 'e' comes before 'm', hence 'ethyl'). It also explains the naming of secondary amines and the use of prefixes like 'sec-butyl' and 'isopropyl' to describe the arrangement of carbon atoms around the nitrogen atom.

05:01

🔍 Complex Amine Nomenclature

The second paragraph delves into the nomenclature of more complex amines, where the nitrogen atoms are located at the ends and in the middle of carbon chains. It describes the traditional method of naming by enclosing the longest carbon chain that contains the amine groups. The paragraph provides an example of a compound with three amine groups, explaining the use of the prefix 'tri' to denote three amine groups and the placement of these groups on carbon atoms numbered one, three, and five, resulting in the name '1,3,5-triamino-pentano'. It also discusses the naming of a similar compound with a longer carbon chain and multiple amine groups, emphasizing the importance of numbering from the end with the most amine groups.

10:03

📚 Advanced Amine Naming Conventions

The third paragraph continues the discussion on advanced amine naming conventions, focusing on compounds with multiple amine groups attached to a carbon chain. It explains the process of numbering the carbon chain starting from the end with the most amine groups and the use of prefixes such as 'heptyl' for a seven-carbon chain. The paragraph illustrates how to name amines attached to specific carbon atoms, using the example of '2,5-diethyl-heptan-2,6-diamine', where 'di' indicates two ethyl groups, and 'amine' is used for the amine groups attached to the second and sixth carbon atoms. This paragraph emphasizes the systematic approach to naming complex amines in organic chemistry.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Amine

Amine refers to a class of organic compounds that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. In the context of the video, amines are the primary subject, with the focus on how to name different types of amines based on their structure. The script discusses various examples of amines, such as 'metilamina' and 'etilamina', illustrating the process of naming them according to the substituents attached to the nitrogen atom.

💡Nitrogen

Nitrogen is an element that is central to the structure of amines. The video script emphasizes that amines are identified by the presence of a nitrogen atom, which can be alone or accompanied by hydrogen atoms. Nitrogen plays a crucial role in the formation of the amines' basic structure and is the key element that differentiates amines from other organic compounds.

💡Alkyl group

An alkyl group is a radical derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom. In the script, alkyl groups are mentioned as carbon-containing substituents that are attached to the nitrogen atom in amines. Examples given include 'metil' (methyl) and 'etil' (ethyl), which are used to describe the structure and naming of the amines.

💡Substituent

A substituent is an atom or group of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in an organic compound. The video script explains how different substituents, such as 'metil' and 'etil', are used to identify and name amines. The presence and arrangement of substituents on the carbon chain affect the naming and properties of the amine.

💡Methyl

Methyl is an alkyl group with one carbon atom, represented as -CH3. The script uses 'metil' (methyl) as an example of a substituent in amines, indicating when there are two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen, the prefix 'di' is used, as in 'dimethyl'.

💡Ethyl

Ethyl is an alkyl group with two carbon atoms, represented as -CH2CH3. In the video script, 'etil' (ethyl) is used to describe amine structures where two carbon atoms are part of the substituent attached to the nitrogen. It is part of the naming convention for certain amines, such as 'ethyldimethylamine'.

💡Isopropyl

Isopropyl is a type of alkyl group with three carbon atoms arranged in a branched chain, represented as -CH(CH3)2. The script mentions 'isopropil' as a substituent in amines, which is used to describe the structure where the carbon chain is not linear but has a branch point.

💡Secondary amine

A secondary amine is an amine in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to two carbon atoms. The script refers to 'secundaria' amines, indicating that the nitrogen forms two bonds with carbon atoms, which is a key characteristic used in naming and identifying the amine.

💡Primary amine

A primary amine is an amine in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to one carbon atom and has two hydrogen atoms attached. Although not explicitly mentioned as 'primary' in the script, the concept is implied when discussing amines with a nitrogen atom bonded to one carbon and having hydrogen atoms.

💡Numeration

Numeration in the context of organic chemistry refers to the systematic numbering of carbon atoms in a molecule to name it correctly. The script discusses the importance of numeration in naming amines, especially when there are multiple substituents or amines attached to a carbon chain, as in the case of 'triamino' and 'diethyl' amines.

💡Prefixes

Prefixes are used in organic chemistry to indicate the number of substituents attached to a molecule. The script mentions prefixes such as 'di', 'tri', and 'tetra' to describe the quantity of substituents like methyl or ethyl groups in amines, which is essential for their systematic nomenclature.

Highlights

Aminas are identified by the presence of a nitrogen atom in their molecular structure, which can be alone or accompanied by hydrogens.

Naming amines involves identifying alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, such as methyl groups.

The prefix 'di' is used when there are two identical substituents, like in 'dimethyl'.

When there are three substituents, the prefix 'tri' is used, as in 'trimethyl'.

Amine names are constructed by combining the substituent names in alphabetical order, followed by the suffix '-amine'.

For amines with three carbon substituents, the term 'isopropyl' is used to denote a branched structure.

Secondary amines are characterized by having two bonds to the nitrogen atom.

The term 'sec-butyl' is used for a four-carbon substituent with a branched structure.

In complex structures with multiple amines, the longest carbon chain containing the amines is identified first.

When amines are present at the ends and in the middle of a carbon chain, the numbering starts from the end with the most amines.

The prefix 'tri' is used to denote three amines attached to a carbon chain.

For structures with five carbon atoms and multiple amines, the term 'pentano' is used as the base for naming.

Amine groups are indicated by the prefix 'amino' when they are attached to a carbon chain.

In complex amines, the numbering of the carbon chain starts from the end with the most amines for clarity.

When there are multiple amines, they are denoted by their position on the carbon chain, separated by commas.

The term 'heptyl' is used for a six-carbon substituent in the naming of complex amines.

In complex structures, amines are named as 'amino' groups attached to specific carbon positions on the longest chain.

For amines with identical substituents, prefixes like 'triethyl' are used to denote their presence multiple times on the chain.

The final name of a complex amine includes the positions of the amino groups and the type of carbon chain.