🟣 PREDICATIVO || Entenda os predicativos e saiba como diferenciá-los dos ADJUNTOS ADNOMINAIS

Summary

In this lesson, Letícia Góes teaches the concept of 'predicativo' (predicative) in Portuguese grammar, explaining how it describes characteristics of the subject or object in a sentence. The video covers different types, such as 'predicativo do sujeito' (predicative of the subject) and 'predicativo do objeto' (predicative of the object), providing clear examples and useful tips to avoid confusion with other grammatical elements like 'adjunto adnominal' (adjective phrase). Letícia also discusses linking verbs and action verbs, illustrating how both can introduce predicatives, and how to properly identify them in sentences for accurate syntactic analysis.

Takeaways

• 😀 Predicative (predicativo) is a term used to characterize the subject or object in a sentence, typically through a linking verb.
• 😀 The predicative of the subject (predicativo do sujeito) describes a characteristic of the subject using a linking verb (e.g., 'ser', 'estar').
• 😀 Example 1: 'Eu fiquei decepcionada' (I was disappointed) – 'decepcionada' (disappointed) is the predicative of the subject 'eu' (I).
• 😀 Example 2: 'Os meninos estavam confusos' (The boys were confused) – 'confusos' (confused) is the predicative of the subject 'os meninos' (the boys).
• 😀 Predicative of the object (predicativo do objeto) describes the object of the sentence. For example, 'Eu achei o filme maravilhoso' (I thought the movie was wonderful) – 'maravilhoso' (wonderful) is the predicative of the object 'o filme' (the movie).
• 😀 A sentence with a linking verb and a predicative forms a nominal predicate (predicado nominal). Example: 'Eu fiquei decepcionada' (I was disappointed).
• 😀 A sentence with an action verb and a predicative forms a verbal nominal predicate (predicado verbo nominal). Example: 'Os alunos chegaram atrasados' (The students arrived late).
• 😀 Predicatives can occur with action verbs too, as in 'O chefe ouviu tudo calado' (The boss heard everything silently) – 'calado' (silent) is the predicative of the subject.
• 😀 To distinguish a predicative from an adjective, use the substitution test: replace the object with an oblique pronoun. If it makes sense, it's a predicative of the object.
• 😀 Adjuncts (adjunto adnominal) describe inherent characteristics of nouns, while predicatives describe more transient or situational characteristics.
• 😀 Example 1: 'Os alunos indisciplinados' (The undisciplined students) – 'indisciplinados' is an adjunct that describes a permanent characteristic of the students.
• 😀 Example 2: 'Os alunos estavam calados' (The students were silent) – 'calados' is a predicative describing the temporary state of the students.

Q & A

What is the main focus of this lesson?

The main focus of this lesson is understanding the concept of 'predicativo' in Portuguese grammar, specifically how it functions within the analysis of syntactic structures.

What is a 'predicativo'?

A 'predicativo' is a term that characterizes a subject or an object in a sentence, typically through a linking verb. It provides additional information about the noun it modifies.

What is the difference between 'análise sintática' and 'análise morfológica'?

Análise sintática refers to the syntactic analysis, which focuses on the structure of sentences and how words relate to each other. Análise morfológica, on the other hand, is the morphological analysis, which examines the form and structure of words themselves.

What role does the linking verb play in identifying a 'predicativo'?

The linking verb connects the subject or object to the 'predicativo', helping to show the characteristic or description of that subject or object.

Can a 'predicativo' be identified without a linking verb?

Yes, a 'predicativo' can sometimes be identified even in sentences without a linking verb, particularly when action verbs are used in certain contexts, as shown in the examples with 'calado' and 'atrasados'.

What is the difference between a 'predicativo do sujeito' and a 'predicativo do objeto'?

A 'predicativo do sujeito' is a characteristic or description of the subject, while a 'predicativo do objeto' is a characteristic or description of the object in a sentence.

What is the significance of the examples 'os meninos estavam confusos' and 'eu fiquei decepcionada'?

Both sentences illustrate how the 'predicativo do sujeito' works. In these examples, the adjectives 'confusos' and 'decepcionada' characterize the subjects 'os meninos' and 'eu', respectively, with the help of linking verbs 'estavam' and 'fiquei'.

What is a 'predicado verbal nominal'?

A 'predicado verbal nominal' is a type of predicate that combines a verb of action (verbo de ação) with a 'predicativo'. The verb indicates the action, while the 'predicativo' characterizes the subject or object of the action.

What is the difference between a 'predicativo' and an 'adjunto adnominal'?

An 'adjunto adnominal' is a term that adds descriptive characteristics to a noun, often indicating a permanent trait. A 'predicativo', however, typically describes a temporary or transient characteristic and can apply to both the subject and object in a sentence.

How can you differentiate between a 'predicativo do objeto' and an 'adjunto adnominal'?

You can differentiate them by replacing the object with an object pronoun. If the adjective (like 'maravilhoso' in 'achei o filme maravilhoso') stays outside the pronoun, it's a 'predicativo do objeto'. If it stays with the noun, it's an 'adjunto adnominal'.