Autismo: 8 Passos Para Ensinar a Falar - como fazemos

Summary

This video script outlines a systematic approach to teaching verbal behavior to children, starting with reinforcing random sounds and progressing to more complex communication skills. The process includes stages such as sound emission, imitation, reducing visual and verbal cues, and gradually encouraging independent verbal responses. The goal is to build verbal communication abilities, from basic sound recognition to the ability to narrate past events, with a focus on social engagement. The method is designed to help children, including those with autism, develop language through structured reinforcement and gradual independence in expression.

Takeaways

• 😀 The first step in verbal behavior is reinforcing any sound emitted by the child, encouraging random sounds as they begin to babble and develop communication skills.
• 😀 The child learns to associate the sounds they make with a positive response from their environment, reinforcing the behavior.
• 😀 After the child starts emitting sounds, the next step is to model the correct sound, helping them associate it with the desired outcome (e.g., saying 'controle' for control).
• 😀 Imitation plays a crucial role in verbal development, as children first imitate motor behaviors before progressing to verbal imitation.
• 😀 Visual contact is vital for the child to successfully imitate sounds and behaviors, making eye contact a foundational part of early speech development programs.
• 😀 For children with hearing impairments, auditory processing plays a significant role in their ability to speak, emphasizing the need for clear auditory input to model sounds correctly.
• 😀 Progressing to the second and third steps involves gradually reducing verbal cues while maintaining visual prompts to encourage independent verbalization.
• 😀 Once the child has mastered basic verbalization, the next step is to introduce naming and identifying objects using functional descriptions or characteristics.
• 😀 As the child progresses, more complex verbal tasks are introduced, such as constructing simple phrases and linking words together to form sentences.
• 😀 The final steps involve helping the child understand and verbalize past events, encouraging them to recall and describe memories, which is key for social interaction.

Q & A

What is the first step in teaching verbal behavior to children?

The first step is reinforcing any sound emitted by the child, especially when they start babbling and attempting to communicate. This is done by giving positive feedback, such as repeating or responding to the sounds they make, helping them associate sound production with positive outcomes.

Why is it important to reinforce random sounds in the beginning?

Reinforcing random sounds is important because it helps the child realize that producing sounds leads to positive outcomes, like attention or rewards. This encourages the child to continue exploring communication through sound.

What distinguishes 'imitation' from 'echoing' in verbal behavior therapy?

Imitation involves teaching the child to repeat functional sounds or words that are contextually meaningful, while echoing simply refers to mimicking sounds or words without understanding their function. Imitation leads to more meaningful verbal communication.

How does visual and verbal prompting evolve throughout the stages of teaching verbal behavior?

In the initial stages, both visual and verbal prompts are used together. As the child progresses, verbal prompts are gradually reduced, while the visual cues remain. Eventually, the child is expected to respond independently with minimal prompting.

What role does the child’s ability to imitate motor actions play in verbal behavior development?

The child's ability to imitate motor actions is crucial because it lays the foundation for verbal imitation. If the child can mimic motor actions, it indicates that they can also begin to imitate verbal actions, which is a fundamental step in learning speech.

How do auditory processing issues affect a child’s verbal behavior development?

Children with auditory processing issues may struggle with both producing and understanding verbal communication because they cannot properly process sounds. This can result in delayed speech development or the inability to imitate sounds effectively.

What does the transition from step 4 to step 5 represent in verbal behavior development?

The transition from step 4 to step 5 marks the shift from the child relying on visual cues and verbal prompts to responding more independently. In step 5, the visual cues are reduced, and the child is encouraged to produce verbal responses with less guidance.

What is the significance of using characteristics and functions of objects in teaching verbal behavior?

Using characteristics and functions of objects helps children link verbal responses to the purpose or features of the objects. This broadens their vocabulary and enables them to use words in context, facilitating more complex verbal communication.

At what point does a child begin to form phrases, and what is an example of this development?

A child begins to form phrases in step 6, where they start combining words to express simple ideas. For example, after learning to name objects, the child might say 'boy kicked ball' to describe an action in a picture.

What is the final step in the verbal behavior process, and why is it challenging for children with autism?

The final step is the ability to recall and recount past events. This is challenging for children with autism because it requires them to access and interpret information from memory and communicate it verbally, which involves higher cognitive and social skills.