Planos e Eixos Anatômicos | WEBVET

Summary

In this video, veterinarian Leandro Jannuzzi explains the importance of understanding anatomical planes and axes in veterinary practice. He emphasizes the significance of precise anatomical terminology for tasks like surgery and imaging. The video covers key concepts such as the anatomical position, dorsal and ventral planes, and how to differentiate right from left in animals. It also introduces several vertical and horizontal planes, such as cranial, caudal, and lateral planes, and explains the concept of anatomical axes. This knowledge is essential for accurate descriptions and procedures in veterinary medicine.

Takeaways

• 😀 The importance of understanding anatomical planes and axes in veterinary practice for precise descriptions, especially during surgeries and diagnostic imaging.
• 😀 Anatomical terminology must remain consistent regardless of the observer's position to avoid confusion, as established in the 1967 Vienna agreement for veterinary anatomy.
• 😀 The standard position for anatomical study, known as the 'anatomical position,' involves the animal standing with all four limbs on the ground, head up, and eyes facing forward.
• 😀 The right and left sides of an animal are determined from its perspective, not the observer's, to ensure clarity in anatomical terminology.
• 😀 There are two categories of anatomical planes: delimiting planes (e.g., dorsal, ventral) and sectioning planes (e.g., sagittal, transverse).
• 😀 The dorsal plane refers to the top part of the body, while the ventral plane refers to the bottom, and these are always perpendicular to each other in the anatomical position.
• 😀 In the limbs, the terms 'dorsal' and 'ventral' are replaced by 'palmar' (for front limbs) and 'plantar' (for hind limbs) to describe the top and bottom of the paws.
• 😀 Vertical delimiting planes include the right and left lateral planes, as well as the cranial and caudal planes, which correspond to the front (head) and rear (tail) of the animal, respectively.
• 😀 In head anatomy, 'rostral' is used to refer to structures closer to the nose, while 'cranial' is used for structures toward the skull.
• 😀 Sectioning planes divide the body into parts for detailed study. These include the sagittal, transverse, and frontal planes, each of which divides the body in specific ways for clearer anatomical understanding.
• 😀 Anatomical axes, such as the craniocaudal, dorsoventral, and laterolateral axes, define lines that connect the centers of specific planes and are crucial for accurately describing movements and positions of body parts.

Q & A

Why is it important to understand anatomical planes and axes in veterinary medicine?

Understanding anatomical planes and axes is crucial for accurate communication during surgeries, imaging, and examinations. It allows veterinarians to describe the location of body structures precisely, which is essential for treatment planning and decision-making.

What is the anatomical position of an animal?

The anatomical position is when the animal is standing with all four limbs on the ground, the neck is upright, the head faces forward, and the eyes look straight ahead. This position serves as the standard reference point for anatomical descriptions.

What is the difference between the terms 'dorsal' and 'ventral' in anatomical planes?

'Dorsal' refers to the top or back of the body, while 'ventral' refers to the underside or belly of the body. These terms are used to describe the relative positioning of body parts along the horizontal axis.

How does the positioning of an animal affect the interpretation of its right and left sides?

The right and left sides of the animal should always be interpreted from the animal's perspective, not the observer's. For instance, the right side of the animal is the right when the animal is facing forward, regardless of its position (e.g., lying on its back).

What are the four main vertical anatomical planes, and what do they represent?

The four main vertical anatomical planes are: the lateral-right and lateral-left planes (dividing the body into left and right sides), the cranial plane (toward the head), and the caudal plane (toward the tail). These planes help in describing the body’s orientation and positioning.

How do the terms 'rostral' and 'cranial' differ when referring to the head of an animal?

In the context of the head, 'rostral' refers to a position closer to the nose or front of the head, while 'cranial' refers to a position closer to the skull. When describing structures towards the nose, 'rostral' is preferred instead of 'cranial.'

What is the purpose of the anatomical planes of section?

Anatomical planes of section divide the body into parts for better understanding and localization of body structures. These sections are essential in procedures like surgery or imaging, helping to describe precise locations of organs or injuries.

What is the difference between the 'sagittal mediano' plane and the 'sagittal' plane?

The 'sagittal mediano' plane divides the body exactly down the middle, creating two identical left and right halves. In contrast, a 'sagittal' plane is any plane parallel to the mediano plane, but not necessarily down the middle, resulting in unequal parts.

What are the three main anatomical axes, and what do they represent?

The three main anatomical axes are: the craniocaudal axis (connecting the head to the tail), the dorsoventral axis (connecting the back to the belly), and the laterolateral axis (connecting the left and right sides). These axes are used to understand movement and orientation relative to the body planes.

What terms are used to describe the front limbs' upper and lower parts, and why are they not referred to as 'ventral'?

For the front limbs, the upper part is referred to as 'dorsal,' and the lower part is referred to as 'palmar' (since it corresponds to the palm of the hand). The term 'ventral' is not used for the limbs because it refers to the body’s belly, and the limb terminology needs to be more specific to the structure.