TV UVA - Desvendando a História - Conteúdo Exclusivo "A constituição Revolucionária"

Summary

The transcript discusses the evolution of revolutionary ideas in the context of the French Revolution. It outlines the shift from moderate reforms in 1791 to radical changes in 1792, with the Jacobins taking control. The 1793 Constitution is highlighted as the first democratic constitution, abolishing feudal remnants, establishing legal equality, and granting universal male suffrage. The revolution’s impact on political thought is explored, influencing various ideologies in the 19th and 20th centuries, from conservatives to socialists. The Revolution served as a crucial stepping stone towards modern democratic ideals, although the abolition of inequality was a gradual process.

Takeaways

• 😀 The French Revolution can be seen as the birth of modern human rights, but it had limitations in its initial stages.
• 😀 The 1791 Constitution proposed a parliamentary monarchy where the king retained power but was required to listen to the elected parliament.
• 😀 The 1791 Constitution also introduced a censitary vote, where voting rights were based on an individual's income.
• 😀 The 1791 Constitution aimed to separate politics from religion, with the church focusing solely on religious matters, not political influence.
• 😀 While the 1791 Constitution was a step forward for its time, it was still a moderate reform compared to later developments.
• 😀 The year 1792 marked the beginning of a more radical phase, with the Jacobins taking control and initiating total war against counter-revolutionaries.
• 😀 The 1793 Constitution, according to Eric Hobsbawm, is considered the world's first democratic constitution, abolishing feudal remnants and class distinctions.
• 😀 The 1793 Constitution also declared the abolition of slavery in French colonies and introduced universal male suffrage, though women were still excluded from voting.
• 😀 These revolutionary ideas were key in shaping the modern democratic and representative world, introducing concepts of citizenship and equality before the law.
• 😀 The French Revolution was a catalyst for political change, influencing not only France but also inspiring various political ideologies, including conservatism, radicalism, socialism, and anarchism in the 19th century.

Q & A

What does the speaker say about the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

The speaker describes it as an ancestral form of human rights but acknowledges that it had limitations at the time, as it did not fully address social revolution, focusing instead on political revolution.

How does the Constitution of 1791 reflect the political and social values of the French Revolution?

The Constitution of 1791 proposed a parliamentary monarchy, where the king remained in power but was required to listen to the Parliament. It introduced censitary voting, which tied voting rights to an individual's income.

What role did religion play in the 1791 Constitution?

The 1791 Constitution sought to separate politics from religion, ensuring that religion did not have political influence and that religious affairs were managed separately from governmental matters.

How does the speaker characterize the reforms of 1791?

The speaker refers to the reforms of 1791 as moderate, marking significant changes at the time, but still not radical in their implementation of democratic ideals.

What was the nature of the revolution that began in 1792?

In 1792, the French Revolution radicalized with a counter-revolutionary response. The more radical groups, particularly the Jacobins, took control and pushed for total war efforts against counter-revolutionaries.

What is said about the Constitution of 1793?

The Constitution of 1793, according to Eric Hobsbawm, is considered the first truly democratic constitution in the world. It abolished feudal remnants, granted legal equality, and introduced universal male suffrage.

How did the French Revolution impact slavery in the colonies?

The Constitution of 1793 decreed the abolition of slavery in the French colonies, marking a significant step in the fight for equality and human rights.

Why were women excluded from the voting rights in the 1793 Constitution?

At the time, even revolutionary thinkers considered women to be inferior to men, which is why they were excluded from the universal male suffrage introduced by the Constitution of 1793.

What lasting impact did the French Revolution have on the modern world?

The ideas of the French Revolution laid the groundwork for the contemporary democratic world, influencing the concepts of citizenship, representation, and legal equality that continue to shape modern political systems.

How did the political ideas from the French Revolution evolve throughout the 19th century?

Over the course of the 19th century, the ideas of the French Revolution were adopted and adapted by various political groups, including conservatives, radicals, socialists, and anarchists, each interpreting the revolution's principles in different ways.