Políticas Públicas - Concurso Nacional Unificado CNU 2024 | Desenhando a Solução

Summary

The video discusses the role of public policies in modern society, tracing their evolution from basic state functions in the 19th century to the current need for promoting societal well-being. Public policies are defined as a set of government actions aimed at solving societal problems, and the video explores the different types: distributive, redistributive, constitutive, and regulatory. Each type addresses specific societal needs, from infrastructure improvements to educational responsibilities and legal regulations, ultimately aiming to balance public interests and ensure fairness and equity.

Takeaways

• 😀 Public policies are a key topic in many exams and competitions, especially in Brazil.
• 😀 Historically, the state's role evolved from security and defense to promoting societal well-being.
• 😀 Public policies aim to address societal needs through actions in sectors like health, education, and the environment.
• 😀 Governments create public policies based on the demands and expectations of society.
• 😀 Society presents its demands to elected representatives, who then work with the executive branch to address them.
• 😀 Public policies are classified into four main types: distributive, redistributive, constitutive, and regulatory.
• 😀 Distributive policies focus on a specific group and aim to meet their unique needs (e.g., infrastructure improvements or affirmative action).
• 😀 Redistributive policies involve the reallocation of resources, such as tax exemptions or student financing.
• 😀 Constitutive policies set the regulations and norms for how public policies are created and implemented.
• 😀 Regulatory policies help ensure societal well-being by enforcing laws and regulations, such as traffic rules and data protection.
• 😀 Public policies, while attempting to address societal needs, may not always satisfy all groups, as resources are limited.

Q & A

What is the primary role of the state according to the transcript?

The primary role of the state, historically, was focused on public security and defense against external threats. However, with the expansion of democracy, the state's responsibilities have diversified to include promoting the well-being of society.

How are public policies defined in the context of this script?

Public policies are defined as a set of actions and decisions made by the government aimed at solving societal problems. They encompass the full range of actions, goals, and plans that governments at various levels (national, state, or municipal) implement to ensure the well-being of society.

What is the role of society in influencing public policies?

Society plays a critical role in influencing public policies by presenting demands and expectations to their elected representatives, such as deputies, senators, and mayors. These representatives then mobilize members of the executive branch, such as presidents or governors, to address these needs.

What are the main types of public policies mentioned in the transcript?

The transcript outlines four types of public policies: distributive, redistributive, constitutive, and regulatory.

Can you explain what distributive public policies are?

Distributive public policies are those aimed at addressing the needs of specific segments of the population. They are implemented to improve infrastructure or provide services that directly benefit a particular group, such as building flood defenses in a neighborhood or allocating quotas for underrepresented groups in universities.

How do redistributive policies differ from distributive policies?

Redistributive policies focus on the redistribution of resources from one group to another. For example, public funds might be used to support low-income families through tax exemptions or discounts on utility bills. These policies aim to reduce inequalities in society.

What is the purpose of constitutive public policies?

Constitutive public policies set the legal and institutional frameworks that regulate the implementation of other policies. They establish who is responsible for managing various public services and define the roles and competencies of different levels of government, such as federal, state, and municipal authorities.

What are regulatory public policies, and how do they function?

Regulatory public policies focus on creating, enhancing, or enforcing laws that regulate societal behavior to ensure the public good. They include laws that ensure safety and fairness, such as traffic laws or data protection regulations.

What is an example of a redistributive public policy in the context of education?

An example of a redistributive policy in education is the use of student financing systems, where funds from different municipalities or states are pooled and redistributed based on the number of student enrollments in each region.

How do different types of public policies address society's needs and demands?

Each type of public policy addresses different aspects of societal needs. Distributive policies provide specific services to targeted groups, redistributive policies aim to reduce inequalities by reallocating resources, constitutive policies define the regulatory framework for policy implementation, and regulatory policies ensure that societal behavior aligns with laws that protect public well-being.