Tendencias musicales del s.XX (1ªparte)

ISAAC JOSÉ COLLADO NAVARRO

2 Mar 201910:22

Summary

TLDRThis video script by Professor Sacco Lladó from the Valencian Community's Distance Education Center explores the diverse musical currents of the 20th century. It highlights the century's political and economic instability, technological advancements, and the rise of leisure activities, all of which contributed to a boom in artistic and musical trends. The script discusses the shift of focus to sound as the central interest in music and the emergence of commercial arts. It distinguishes between popular urban music, such as jazz, pop, and rock, and academic or cultured music, including both traditional tonal music and avant-garde compositions. The script also touches on the characteristics of popular music, such as the rise of iconic singers and groups, and the global spread of rhythms and styles, as well as the evolution of tonal music and the avant-garde's rejection of traditional norms in favor of new sounds and instruments.

Takeaways

🎵 The 20th century is characterized by a multitude of artistic and musical trends that coexisted and rapidly evolved, a stark contrast to previous centuries where trends were more sequential.
🌐 The century was marked by political and economic instability, primarily due to the two World Wars, which fueled a strong artistic rebellion against established norms.
💡 There was a significant technological and communication development that enabled new artistic procedures and techniques to emerge in the artistic field.
🎶 The 20th century saw the rise of leisure activities, particularly in music, with a focus on consumer music and the expansion of commercial arts like fashion, advertising, comics, photography, and cinema.
🎼 The search for new forms of expression and resources led to a rupture with previous beliefs and values, resulting in a multitude of artistic and musical trends.
📣 Informalism emerged, where art works do not aim to narrate or transmit but simply exist, leaving interpretation open to the viewer.
🎵 In the realm of music, sound became the central focus of musical works, diverging from the traditional tonal world.
🎶 Two main musical currents are highlighted: popular urban music (consumption music) and academic or cultured music.
🎤 Popular urban music, including jazz, pop, and rock, gained prominence in the 20th century due to improved communication and reproduction media, and social changes that sought distinctive music.
🎼 Academic or cultured music saw two main trends: music rooted in tonal tradition and avant-garde music, with the former maintaining a more diluted tonal system and the latter rejecting traditional tonality, rhythm, and form.
🎵 Avant-garde music sought to use new sounds and instruments, incorporating what were previously considered noises into the composition, representing a significant shift in musical language.

Q & A

What is the main characteristic of the 20th century in terms of artistic and musical trends?
-The 20th century is characterized by a period of great artistic and musical diversity, with a multitude of trends that coexist and give rise to new artistic and musical tendencies.
How did the political and economic instability of the 20th century influence artistic expression?
-The political and economic instability, particularly due to the two World Wars, led to a strong reaction against established norms and a search for new forms of expression that broke with the past.
What role did technological advancements and communication media play in the art of the 20th century?
-Technological advancements and communication media facilitated the emergence and application of new procedures and techniques in the artistic field.
What is 'informalism' in the context of 20th-century art?
-Informalism is an artistic movement where the artwork does not aim to narrate or transmit a specific message but simply exists, leaving it open for the viewer to contribute and provide interpretation.
How did the 20th century redefine the central focus of a musical work?
-In the 20th century, the sound itself became the central focus of musical works, moving away from traditional tonality and exploring new sonic worlds.
What is the significance of commercial arts in the 20th century?
-Commercial arts such as fashion, advertising, comics, photography, and cinema gained importance in the 20th century, reflecting the rise of leisure and consumer culture.
What are the two main currents in music during the 20th century mentioned in the script?
-The two main currents in music during the 20th century are popular urban music, which includes genres like jazz, pop, and rock, and academic or cultured music.
How did the development of communication and reproduction media impact popular urban music in the 20th century?
-The development of media such as radio, television, and the proliferation of the magnetophone allowed popular urban music to spread globally and gain significant importance.
What are the characteristics of traditional tonal music within the academic or cultured music of the 20th century?
-Traditional tonal music of the 20th century maintains the tonal system but in a more diluted form, with vaguer relationships between tonics and dominants and a loss of the traditional sense of dissonance and consonance.
What are some examples of composers associated with neoclassicism and new national currents in the 20th century?
-Examples of composers associated with neoclassicism and new national currents include Stravinsky, Ravel, Prokofiev, Copland, and Rodrigo.
What is the approach of avant-garde music in the 20th century?
-Avant-garde music in the 20th century seeks to reject traditional tonality, rhythm, and melody, incorporating new sounds and instruments, and making sound the central material of the work.

Outlines

00:00

🎵 Introduction to 20th Century Musical Movements

In this introductory paragraph, the speaker, Sacco Lladó, a professor from the Valencian Community specializing in distance education, sets the stage for a discussion on the various musical currents of the 20th century. He emphasizes the century's distinctiveness due to its multitude of artistic and musical trends, a stark contrast to previous centuries where trends succeeded one another. The 20th century is characterized by political and economic instability, largely due to two world wars, which fueled a strong resentment against established norms. This period also witnessed significant technological advancements and the rise of mass media, which facilitated the emergence of new artistic procedures and techniques. Additionally, the speaker highlights the importance of the search for new forms of expression and the breaking of traditional beliefs, leading to the rise of numerous artistic and musical trends. The concept of informalism is introduced, where art pieces exist for their own sake, inviting the audience to contribute their interpretations.

05:00

🎶 The Rise of Urban and Academic Music

This paragraph delves into the specifics of two major musical currents of the 20th century: urban popular music and academic or 'cult' music. Urban popular music, also known as music of consumption, includes genres like jazz, pop, and rock, which gained prominence due to advancements in communication and reproduction technologies, such as radio and television. The speaker discusses the proliferation of famous singers and groups, the emergence of fan culture, and the globalization of rhythms and styles. In contrast, academic music is divided into two trends: music rooted in traditional tonality and avant-garde music. Traditional tonal music is characterized by a more diluted tonal system with vague relationships between tonics and dominants, and a loss of the traditional sense of dissonance and consonance. This music emerged as a reaction against the complexity of avant-garde music, aiming to reconnect with the audience by incorporating new chords, music from other cultures, and new instruments, while still using a familiar tonal framework. The paragraph concludes with a brief musical excerpt from Stravinsky's 'The Firebird' to illustrate this new tonal language with the incorporation of dissonance and chromaticism.

10:01

🎵 Avant-Garde and the Rejection of Traditional Musical Norms

The final paragraph focuses on avant-garde music, which is characterized by a rejection of traditional tonality, rhythm, and form. Avant-garde composers sought to create a new musical language using unconventional instruments and sounds, often incorporating what were previously considered noise into their compositions. The speaker mentions the use of new sounds and the manipulation of these sounds as central to the work, emphasizing the importance of sound as the main focus of musical pieces. While the paragraph does not provide specific examples or composers, it sets the stage for an exploration of the various avant-garde movements and their characteristics, which would likely be discussed in subsequent parts of the video script.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡20th Century

The 20th century is the time period that the video focuses on, highlighting the significant changes and developments in art and music during this era. It was characterized by a multiplicity of artistic and musical currents, which is a central theme of the video. The script mentions that the 20th century experienced a 'boom' of trends that coexisted and gave rise to new artistic and musical movements.

💡Musical Currents

Musical currents refer to the various styles and trends in music that emerged and evolved throughout the 20th century. The video discusses how these currents accelerated and coexisted, leading to a rich tapestry of musical expression. Examples from the script include the rise of urban music like jazz, pop, and rock, as well as academic or cultured music, which includes both traditional tonal music and avant-garde compositions.

💡Inestability

Inestability is a key concept in the video that refers to the political and economic turmoil of the 20th century, primarily caused by the two World Wars. This inestability had a profound impact on the arts, leading to a rebellion against established norms and a desire for new forms of expression. The video suggests that this inestability fueled the search for new artistic and musical languages.

💡Technological Development

Technological development played a crucial role in the 20th century, enabling new artistic procedures and techniques. The script mentions the impact of technological advancements on the arts, particularly in the way they facilitated the emergence of new musical styles and the dissemination of music through improved communication and reproduction mediums like radio and television.

💡Informalism

Informalism is an artistic movement discussed in the video where the artwork does not aim to narrate or convey a specific message but simply exists for the viewer to interpret. This concept represents a break from traditional beliefs and values in art, emphasizing the role of the audience in attributing meaning to the artwork. The video positions informalism as a significant trend in the artistic and musical landscape of the 20th century.

💡Sound

In the context of the video, sound becomes the central focus of musical works, moving away from traditional tonal structures. The script emphasizes the exploration of new sounds and the creation of a 'totally different' sonic world, which was a departure from what was known within the tonal tradition. This shift to sound as the core of music is a key aspect of the avant-garde and modern music discussed in the video.

💡Commercial Arts

Commercial arts, such as fashion, advertising, comics, photography, and cinema, are highlighted in the video as having significant influence in the 20th century. These fields, along with music, experienced a surge due to the rise of leisure and consumer culture. The video suggests that the commercial arts played a vital role in shaping the cultural landscape of the time.

💡Urban Music

Urban music, as discussed in the video, refers to popular music that is rooted in urban culture and is characterized by its mass consumption. The script mentions genres like jazz, pop, and rock, which gained prominence in the 20th century due to advancements in communication and reproduction technologies, such as the proliferation of radio and the emergence of television and the tape recorder.

💡Academic Music

Academic music, also known as cultured music, is contrasted with urban music in the video. It encompasses both traditional tonal music and avant-garde compositions. The video discusses how academic music often seeks to maintain tonal systems but does so in a more diluted and expanded way, incorporating new harmonies, rhythms, and elements from other cultures, while still adhering to a tonal framework.

💡Neoclassicism

Neoclassicism is a movement within 20th-century music that the video associates with composers like Stravinsky, Ravel, Prokofiev, and Copland. It is characterized by a return to the ordered, balanced forms of classical music but with a modern twist. The script provides 'The Firebird' by Stravinsky as an example of neoclassical music, showcasing a new tonal language with the incorporation of dissonance, chromaticism, and rhythmic changes.

💡Avant-garde

The avant-garde in music, as discussed in the video, is characterized by a rejection of traditional tonality, rhythm, and form. Avant-garde composers sought to explore new sonic materials, instruments, and sounds, often incorporating what were previously considered noises into their compositions. The video suggests that avant-garde music placed a strong emphasis on sound as the central element of the work, leading to a diverse range of experimental and innovative musical styles.

Highlights

The 20th century is characterized by a multiplicity of artistic and musical trends, a boom of coexisting tendencies.

Political and economic instability, especially due to the two World Wars, led to a strong artistic reaction against established norms.

The 20th century saw significant technological and communication developments that influenced artistic expression.

The rise of leisure and consumer music played a key role in the musical landscape of the 20th century.

The search for new forms of expression and breaking from the past led to the emergence of numerous artistic and musical trends.

Informalism in art, where the artwork's purpose is simply to exist, leaving interpretation to the viewer.

Sound became the central focus of musical works, diverging from traditional tonal practices.

The importance of commercial arts like fashion, advertising, comics, photography, and cinema in the 20th century.

Two main musical currents: urban popular music and academic or cultured music.

Urban popular music includes jazz, pop, and rock, which grew due to improved communication and social changes.

Academic music includes both tonal music and avant-garde, with a focus on maintaining tonal systems.

Tonal music of the 20th century is more diluted, with vague relationships between tonics and dominants.

Nationalist and neoclassical currents emerged, with composers like Stravinsky, Ravel, Prokofiev, Copland, and Rodrigo.

Avant-garde music rejects traditional tonality, rhythm, and melody, seeking new sounds and instruments.

Avant-garde composers incorporate sounds considered as noise into their musical works.

Examples of avant-garde music include the use of new musical materials and a focus on sound manipulation.

A brief musical excerpt from Stravinsky's 'The Firebird' illustrates the new tonal language with dissonance and chromaticism.