keshogunan tokugawa | Sejarah jepang sebelum menjadi negara modern

Summary

The Tokugawa Shogunate, also known as the Edo Bakufu, was a military dictatorship established by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603. It marked the culmination of Japan's unification, following efforts by the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates, as well as notable leaders like Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The Tokugawa era, lasting until 1868, introduced a strict class system, with samurai at the top, and marked a period of relative peace and stability under a centralized military government. The shogun wielded power, while the emperor's role became largely symbolic. The era ended with Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrendering power to the emperor.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Tokugawa Shogunate, or Edo Bakufu, was a feudal military dictatorship in Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu.
• 😀 The Tokugawa Shogunate lasted for 265 years, from 1603 to 1868, and is also known as the Edo period.
• 😀 The shogunate system united Japan under one government, completing a process started by previous shogunates and leaders like Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
• 😀 Tokugawa Ieyasu took control after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, officially becoming the Sei-i Taishōgun in 1603.
• 😀 Tokugawa Ieyasu forged a lineage claim to the Minamoto clan to qualify for the title of shogun, despite not being directly related.
• 😀 The Tokugawa era saw a strict class system in Japan, including samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants, which led to frequent uprisings due to the rigidity of social mobility.
• 😀 Edo, now known as Tokyo, served as the capital of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
• 😀 The Tokugawa period marked a time of peace and stability after years of warfare during the Sengoku period.
• 😀 By the end of the Tokugawa era, Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu handed over power to the Emperor of Japan, signaling the end of the shogunate system.
• 😀 The emperor during the Tokugawa period held a symbolic role while the real political power was in the hands of the shogun.
• 😀 Samurai who no longer had a master were called ronin, indicating a loss of status and purpose within the military hierarchy.

Q & A

Who founded the Tokugawa Shogunate?

The Tokugawa Shogunate was founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu.

What is the historical period of the Tokugawa Shogunate called?

The period of the Tokugawa Shogunate is called the Edo period.

How long did the Tokugawa Shogunate last?

The Tokugawa Shogunate lasted for 265 years, from 1603 to 1868.

What was the significance of the Battle of Sekigahara in the Tokugawa Shogunate's rise to power?

The Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 was decisive in consolidating Tokugawa Ieyasu's power and establishing him as the central leader of Japan.

Why did Tokugawa Ieyasu have to falsify his lineage?

Tokugawa Ieyasu falsified his lineage, claiming to be a descendant of the Minamoto clan, in order to be appointed as shogun.

What role did Oda Nobunaga play in Japan's unification?

Oda Nobunaga was a key figure in the unification of Japan, particularly through the establishment of a centralized government during the Azuchi-Momoyama period.

What social class hierarchy existed during the Tokugawa Shogunate?

The social hierarchy during the Tokugawa period placed the samurai at the top, followed by farmers, artisans, and merchants.

What was the role of the emperor during the Tokugawa Shogunate?

During the Tokugawa Shogunate, the emperor's role was largely symbolic, with actual political power held by the shogun.

What was the status of a samurai without a master during the Tokugawa period?

A samurai without a master was known as a 'ronin.'

What event marked the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate?

The Tokugawa Shogunate ended when Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrendered power to the Emperor of Japan in 1868.