Bagaimana membangun Tembok Besar China sepanjang 21.000 Km?

Summary

The Great Wall of China, stretching over 21,000 kilometers, is a remarkable historical structure built by various dynasties to protect China from northern nomadic tribes. Initially constructed during the Warring States period and unified by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, it evolved over centuries. The Wall served not only as a defense mechanism but also regulated trade and immigration, especially along the Silk Road. The most famous sections, built during the Ming Dynasty, are the most well-preserved today. A UNESCO World Heritage site, the Great Wall symbolizes China's historical strength and attracts millions of visitors annually, though much of it has eroded or disappeared over time.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Great Wall of China is one of the most iconic and impressive human-made structures, stretching over 21,000 km across China's diverse landscapes.
• 😀 The primary purpose of the Great Wall was to protect China from northern nomadic tribes, such as the Xiongnu and Mongols.
• 😀 The Wall is not a single continuous structure, but rather a series of walls, fortresses, and watchtowers built over several centuries.
• 😀 Construction began as early as the 7th century BCE with individual states building walls for defense, before being unified by Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the 3rd century BCE.
• 😀 The Great Wall served not only as a defense mechanism but also as a control system for trade, immigration, and border management, particularly along the Silk Road.
• 😀 During the Ming Dynasty (14th-17th century), the Wall saw major construction using stronger materials like brick and stone, making it more durable and formidable.
• 😀 The Ming-era sections of the Wall are the most famous and well-preserved, standing as the most recognized parts of the structure today.
• 😀 The Wall featured a complex defense system, including watchtowers for signaling and garrisons to monitor and respond to threats.
• 😀 After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the significance of the Wall diminished as threats from nomadic tribes decreased, particularly after the Qing Dynasty's rise.
• 😀 Despite its massive length, around a third of the Great Wall has disappeared or been damaged due to natural erosion and human activities, such as vandalism and brick theft.
• 😀 The Great Wall of China is a UNESCO World Heritage site and remains one of the most visited landmarks in the world, symbolizing China's historical and cultural heritage.

Q & A

What is the Great Wall of China, and why is it considered iconic?

The Great Wall of China is a monumental structure that stretches over 21,000 km across the country, built to protect China from northern nomadic tribes. It is considered iconic due to its massive scale, historical significance, and architectural ingenuity.

How long did the construction of the Great Wall of China span?

The construction of the Great Wall of China spanned over two millennia, from the 7th century BCE during the Warring States period to the 17th century CE during the Ming Dynasty.

What were the main purposes of the Great Wall of China?

The primary purposes of the Great Wall were military defense against northern invaders, border control, tax enforcement on trade goods, and regulation of immigration and emigration.

Who was the first emperor to unify the Great Wall, and what did he achieve?

Emperor Qin Shi Huang was the first to unify the Great Wall during the 3rd century BCE by connecting and expanding the walls built by different states. His efforts aimed to protect the newly unified empire from nomadic tribes.

What materials were used to build the Great Wall during the different dynasties?

Early parts of the wall were made from earth, gravel, and wood. During the Ming Dynasty, stronger materials like brick and limestone were used, improving its durability.

How did the Ming Dynasty contribute to the Great Wall’s construction?

During the Ming Dynasty (14th–17th centuries), the wall was extensively rebuilt and reinforced using brick and stone. The Ming emperors also built watchtowers and established military garrisons along the wall to protect against Mongol invasions.

What role did the watchtowers along the Great Wall play?

The watchtowers were used to send warning signals about incoming enemy attacks, typically through smoke or fire, allowing for quick communication along the wall.

What happened to the Great Wall of China after the fall of the Ming Dynasty?

After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall lost its military significance. The Qing Dynasty, which expanded China's borders, did not prioritize maintaining the wall, and many sections fell into disrepair.

How long is the official length of the Great Wall of China?

The official length of the Great Wall of China is approximately 21,196 km, including the main wall and additional sections built over various periods.

What threats have caused parts of the Great Wall to deteriorate?

Parts of the Great Wall have deteriorated due to natural erosion, lack of maintenance, and human activities like vandalism and theft of building materials for local construction.