Deontology

Summary

This video script explores the importance of truth-telling in the context of Kantian deontology. It begins with a humorous story about three job applicants, illustrating the difference between simply stating the truth and manipulating facts. The speaker then delves into Kant’s ethical philosophy, emphasizing the duty to act morally because it is the right thing to do, not for personal gain. Drawing from the example of Primito Mijares, a whistleblower who resisted bribery during the Marcos regime, the script calls for individuals to embrace moral courage and integrity in their personal and professional lives.

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Q & A

What is the significance of the joke about the three applicants in the transcript?

The joke illustrates the difference between simply telling the truth (as the first two applicants did) and manipulating information for personal or professional gain (as Mr. Bautista did). It highlights the broader theme of moral responsibility, particularly in the context of financial and ethical decision-making.

How does Kant's concept of 'ontology' relate to moral philosophy?

Kant's 'ontology' refers to the study of the nature of obligation and duty, which forms the foundation of his moral philosophy. The term 'ontology' itself is used by scholars to categorize Kant's theory, which emphasizes universal moral duties, such as telling the truth, that are binding on all rational agents.

What is the key distinction between 'acting in conformity with duty' and 'acting from duty'?

Acting in conformity with duty refers to doing the right thing because of external pressures or consequences, whereas acting from duty means performing the right action because it is the morally correct thing to do, irrespective of any external rewards or motivations.

What does Kant mean by 'the binding force of reason' in relation to moral duties?

Kant's 'binding force of reason' refers to the idea that our rational faculties bind us to universally applicable moral laws. Just as we know that 'one plus one equals two' universally, reason also compels us to follow moral imperatives such as telling the truth, which have universal and a priori validity.

How does Kantian ethics differ from consequentialism?

Kantian ethics is focused on the inherent morality of actions, emphasizing duties and principles, whereas consequentialism judges actions based on their outcomes. Kantian ethics holds that actions are morally right if they fulfill a duty, while consequentialism evaluates the morality of an action by its consequences.

What is the significance of the concept of 'dignity' in Kant's moral theory?

In Kant's theory, 'dignity' refers to the inherent value of acting according to moral principles, such as truth-telling, without any expectation of personal gain. A person acting with dignity does so because it is the right thing to do, not because they are seeking a reward.

How does the example of Primitivo Mijares illustrate the conflict between dignity and price?

Primitivo Mijares' decision to testify about the human rights abuses during martial law, despite being offered a bribe, illustrates the contrast between dignity and price. Mijares chose to act according to moral principles and duty, maintaining his integrity, rather than compromising his values for financial gain.

What does the speaker mean by the phrase 'truth-telling has a price'?

The phrase 'truth-telling has a price' refers to the idea that in today's world, especially in political or economic contexts, telling the truth often comes with personal or professional costs, such as loss of power, wealth, or safety. The speaker contrasts this with the notion of acting with dignity, where truth is upheld as a duty regardless of the consequences.

Why does the speaker consider deontology to be 'heroic' and 'subversive'?

The speaker considers deontology heroic because it requires individuals to act according to moral duty, even when it may be difficult or unpopular. It is subversive because it challenges societal norms that often prioritize personal gain over moral principles, advocating for integrity and truth in the face of power and temptation.

What challenge does the speaker pose to students regarding truth-telling in the workplace?

The speaker challenges students to carry their commitment to truth-telling into the workplace, urging them to speak truth to power. They are encouraged to act according to moral principles, as Kant's deontological ethics suggests, and to uphold the dignity of their rational nature in all professional situations.