Phạm Trù Bản Chất Và Hiện Tượng - Triết Học Mác-Lê Nin | Có Ví Dụ Dễ Hiểu

Summary

In this educational video, the speaker introduces the Marxist-Leninist concepts of 'essence' and 'phenomenon'. Essence refers to the stable, underlying attributes or relationships of a phenomenon, while phenomenon is the external expression of these hidden forces. Through relatable examples like a person’s good deeds or the wind, the speaker demonstrates how essence manifests through various phenomena. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding essence to fully grasp and transform material reality, and highlights the relationship between the two concepts: unity, contradiction, and change depending on external conditions.

Takeaways

• 😀 Essence refers to the internal, stable relationships that govern the existence and development of a phenomenon, while the phenomenon is the external manifestation of the essence.
• 😀 Phenomena are not random; they are the visible expression of an underlying essence, and they change depending on the conditions surrounding the essence.
• 😀 The relationship between essence and phenomenon is both unified and contradictory: essence is the deep, essential part, while phenomena are diverse and changeable.
• 😀 Essence is stable, but phenomena can change based on external circumstances, though the essence itself remains constant.
• 😀 A single essence can manifest in many different phenomena, depending on the circumstances. For example, a person’s good character may be shown in various ways.
• 😀 Understanding a phenomenon requires studying its essence through multiple occurrences and expressions to grasp its full meaning.
• 😀 The essence of a phenomenon is often stable and unchanging, but its external manifestations (phenomena) can evolve or change due to shifts in the conditions surrounding them.
• 😀 Changes in the essence of a phenomenon lead to corresponding changes in how the phenomenon is expressed in the real world.
• 😀 A good example of the relationship between essence and phenomenon is the movement of air creating the phenomenon of wind, while its essence lies in the physical laws of air pressure and movement.
• 😀 To truly understand and transform the world, one must focus on the essence of things, not just their external appearances (phenomena).

Q & A

What is the essence in dialectical materialism?

In dialectical materialism, essence refers to the internal, stable properties and relationships of a phenomenon. It is the fundamental, unchanging nature that governs the existence, movement, and development of objects and processes.

How is the phenomenon related to the essence?

The phenomenon is the external manifestation or expression of the essence. It is the way the essence is observable under specific conditions. While the essence remains stable, the phenomenon can vary depending on circumstances.

What is the main relationship between essence and phenomenon?

Essence and phenomenon are inseparable and both exist objectively. They are unified in that the essence always manifests through the phenomenon. However, they are also contradictory in that essence is stable and deep, while phenomena are varied and transient.

Can you provide an example of how essence and phenomenon work together?

Yes, for example, a person's goodness is their essence, which can manifest through various phenomena such as returning lost items or helping others. Both the essence (goodness) and the phenomenon (helping behavior) are connected but represent different aspects of the same reality.

What does it mean that essence is deeper and more stable than phenomenon?

Essence represents the core, unchanging nature of an object or phenomenon, while the phenomenon is the observable outward expression, which can change based on external conditions. Essence remains constant, while phenomena may fluctuate.

What role does context or external conditions play in the relationship between essence and phenomenon?

External conditions and context influence how the essence is expressed in phenomena. While the essence remains relatively stable, phenomena can change when the surrounding conditions change, as they are the outward expressions of the essence.

How can understanding the essence help us better understand the world?

By understanding the essence behind phenomena, we can gain a more accurate and complete understanding of the world. Phenomena alone may be misleading or superficial, but the essence reveals the true nature of things, helping us make informed decisions and analyze situations more deeply.

Why is it important to focus on essence rather than just the phenomenon?

Focusing on the essence allows us to understand the true cause of things rather than being misled by surface-level appearances. Since phenomena are often changeable and diverse, only by understanding essence can we achieve a deeper understanding and bring about meaningful transformation.

How does the essence-phenomenon relationship apply to social and historical change?

In social and historical contexts, the essence of relationships or systems, such as class struggle, remains constant, but the phenomena—how these relationships are expressed—can change depending on historical and material conditions. For example, the essence of exploitation in capitalism remains the same, but its outward expression may vary across different historical periods.

What is the significance of understanding the contradiction between essence and phenomenon?

Recognizing the contradiction between essence and phenomenon allows us to see that the surface appearance of things may not reflect their true nature. This understanding is crucial for making accurate assessments and changes, whether in philosophy, society, or practical endeavors.