Винительный падеж. Существительные. Часть 1 || Падежи

О русском по-русски

17 Feb 201917:23

Summary

TLDRThe video script is an educational lesson on the use of the Accusative case in Russian, focusing on its primary function as the object of an action. The instructor, Ira, explains that to correctly use the Accusative case with nouns, learners should ask two key questions: 'who?' for animate (living) nouns and 'what?' for inanimate (non-living) nouns. The lesson differentiates between verbs that pair with animate and inanimate nouns, providing examples such as 'to see' (animate) and 'to read' (inanimate). It also clarifies the distinction between similar verbs like 'to hear' and 'to listen' and 'to watch' and 'to see.' The script guides viewers through the grammatical changes nouns undergo in the Accusative case, highlighting the importance of knowing whether a noun is animate or inanimate and providing rules for masculine, feminine, and neuter gender nouns. The lesson concludes with exercises to reinforce the understanding of the Accusative case, emphasizing the need to remember specific rules for different genders and the unique case of nouns that do not change in the Accusative. The video aims to help learners master the use of the Accusative case in Russian, offering practical examples and exercises for practice.

Takeaways

📚 The Accusative case (винительный падеж) in Russian has several functions, but the video focuses on its primary function as the object of an action.
🧐 To correctly use the Accusative case with nouns, one should know two key questions: 'кого' (kogo) for animate nouns and 'что' (chto) for inanimate nouns.
📝 There are two types of nouns in Russian: animate (одушевленные) and inanimate (неодушевленные). The Accusative case is used differently with each.
📚 The video lists verbs that can only be used with inanimate nouns in the Accusative case, such as 'готовить' (to cook), 'изучать' (to study), and 'читать' (to read).
📝 For animate nouns, verbs like 'видеть' (to see), 'знать' (to know), 'слушать' (to listen to), and 'спрашивать' (to ask) can be used with the Accusative case.
👂 The difference between verbs like 'слышать' (to hear) and 'слушать' (to listen) is highlighted, with a suggestion to watch another video for further clarification.
🔠 The Accusative case changes for masculine nouns depend on whether they are animate or inanimate. Inanimate nouns do not change, while animate nouns have specific changes.
📝 For feminine nouns, most change in the Accusative case except for those ending in 'ь', which remain the same, like 'мать' (mother) and 'дочь' (daughter).
📘中性 nouns (средний род) do not change in the Accusative case, regardless of being animate or inanimate.
📝 The video provides a table and examples to illustrate the changes in the Accusative case for different genders and animate/inanimate status.
📚 Exercises are given at the end of the video to practice the use of the Accusative case with various nouns and verbs.

Q & A

What is the primary function of the Accusative case in Russian?
-The primary function of the Accusative case in Russian is to indicate the direct object of an action, that is, the object being acted upon.
How many types of nouns are there in Russian?
-There are two types of nouns in Russian: animate (одушевленные) and inanimate (неодушевленные).
What are the two key questions to ask when using the Accusative case with nouns?
-The two key questions to ask are 'кого' (kogo) for animate nouns and 'что' (chto) for inanimate nouns.
What is the difference between the Accusative case and the Nominative case in terms of subjects?
-The Nominative case is used for subjects, which are the doers of the action, while the Accusative case is used for objects, which are the receivers of the action.
Which prepositions are used with the Accusative case in Russian?
-The Accusative case is used with certain verbs that indicate actions, such as 'читать' (to read), 'покупать' (to buy), and 'видеть' (to see).
How do you change masculine animate nouns in the Accusative case?
-Masculine animate nouns in the Accusative case typically change by adding '-a' to the end of the noun, with some exceptions like 'папа' (father) becoming 'папу'.
What happens to the ending of masculine inanimate nouns when they are in the Accusative case?
-Masculine inanimate nouns do not change in the Accusative case; they remain the same as in the Nominative case.
How do feminine nouns ending in '-ь' behave in the Accusative case?
-Feminine nouns ending in '-ь' do not change in the Accusative case. For example, 'мать' (mother) remains 'мать'.
What is the rule for changing feminine nouns in the Accusative case that do not end in '-ь'?
-Feminine nouns that do not end in '-ь' typically change by adding '-у' or '-и' to the end of the noun in the Accusative case.
What are the rules for changing neuter nouns in the Accusative case?
-Neuter nouns do not change in the Accusative case. They remain the same as in the Nominative case, regardless of whether they are animate or inanimate.
What is the term for the process of removing a vowel in the Accusative case for certain masculine nouns?
-The process is called 'apophony' or 'бегала' (begala) in Russian.
How can one practice and reinforce their understanding of the Accusative case?
-One can practice by doing exercises that involve changing nouns into the Accusative case and using them in sentences with appropriate verbs.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to the Accusative Case in Russian

The first paragraph introduces the topic of the accusative case (винительный падеж) in Russian, focusing on its function as the object of an action. The speaker, Ira, emphasizes the importance of understanding two key questions when using the accusative case with nouns: whether the noun is animate (одушевленные) or inanimate (неодушевленные). The paragraph outlines two groups of verbs that take the accusative case: one for inanimate nouns and another for both animate and inanimate nouns. Examples of verbs with inanimate nouns include 'готовить' (to cook) and 'читать' (to read), while verbs that can be used with both include 'видеть' (to see) and 'слушать' (to listen). The paragraph also mentions the difference between certain verbs, such as 'слышать' and 'слушать', and provides a link for further clarification.

05:00

🔠 Accusative Case Changes for Masculine and Feminine Nouns

The second paragraph delves into the specifics of how to change nouns in the accusative case, focusing on masculine nouns first. It differentiates between animate and inanimate nouns and provides examples of how to alter the endings for each. For animate masculine nouns, the endings change according to the noun's ending (e.g., 'папа' becomes 'папу', 'дядя' becomes 'дядю'). Inanimate masculine nouns, however, do not change in the accusative case (e.g., 'стул' remains 'стул'). The paragraph then moves on to feminine nouns, explaining that most change in the accusative case except for those ending in '-ь' (e.g., 'мать' remains 'мать'). The speaker also clarifies that nouns ending in '-ь' are not altered. Lastly, the paragraph briefly touches on neutral gender nouns, stating that they do not change in the accusative case.

10:01

📝 Practice Exercises for the Accusative Case

The third paragraph presents practice exercises to reinforce the understanding of the accusative case. It includes a small dialogue and several sentences for the viewer to analyze and apply the rules learned. The exercises cover various scenarios, such as reading journals ('журналы'), buying coffee ('кофе'), and purchasing milk ('молоко'), to test the viewer's grasp of when to change nouns in the accusative case and when to leave them unchanged. The paragraph also provides the correct forms for each noun in context, helping to solidify the concept of the accusative case in the viewer's mind.

15:02

🎓 Conclusion and Further Learning

The final paragraph concludes the lesson on the accusative case, summarizing the key points covered in the video. It reiterates the function of the accusative case as the object of an action and reminds viewers of the questions to ask when determining the correct form of a noun in this case. The speaker encourages viewers to continue learning Russian on her channel, promising more informative videos and providing exercises for further practice. The paragraph ends with a farewell and an invitation to join her channel for more educational content.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Accusative case

The accusative case in Russian grammar is used to indicate the direct object of a verb, meaning the person or thing that is affected by the action. In the video, it is the main focus, explaining how to use it with nouns, particularly differentiating between animate and inanimate nouns.

💡Animate and Inanimate Nouns

Animate nouns refer to living beings, while inanimate nouns refer to non-living objects or concepts. The distinction is crucial in Russian language as it affects the declension of nouns in the accusative case. For example, 'папа' (father) is animate and changes form, whereas 'стол' (table) is inanimate and remains unchanged in the accusative case.

💡Verbs

Verbs are action words that describe what the subject of a sentence is doing. The video categorizes verbs based on whether they are used with animate or inanimate nouns in the accusative case. For instance, 'читать' (to read) can be used with both animate 'мать' (mother) and inanimate 'журнал' (magazine), while 'видеть' (to see) can be used with animate 'маму' (mother) and inanimate 'дом' (house).

💡Declension

Declension is the inflection of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and numerals in Russian to express case. The video provides examples of how different nouns change their form in the accusative case, which is essential for conveying the correct meaning in sentences.

💡Gender

In Russian, nouns have gender and this affects their declension. There are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. The video explains how the gender of a noun influences its form in the accusative case, with different rules for animate and inanimate nouns.

💡Direct Object

The direct object is the noun phrase that indicates what or whom the action of the verb is done to. The video emphasizes the role of the accusative case in identifying the direct object in a sentence, which is a key function of the case.

💡Consonant Change

In the context of the video, consonant change refers to the alteration of a noun's ending to fit the accusative case. For instance, the masculine animate noun 'студент' (student) changes to 'студента' when in the accusative case.

💡Soft Sign ь

The soft sign 'ь' is a character in the Russian alphabet that indicates the preceding consonant is palatalized. In the accusative case, nouns ending in 'ь' typically do not change their ending, such as 'мать' (mother) remaining 'мать' when in the accusative case.

💡Neuter Gender

Neuter nouns in Russian do not change in the accusative case. The video explains that for neuter nouns like 'окно' (window), there is no alteration when they are used as the direct object of a verb.

💡Exercises

The video includes exercises to help viewers practice and reinforce their understanding of the accusative case. These exercises involve identifying the correct form of nouns in sentences, which is crucial for mastering Russian grammar.

💡Vowel Reduction

Vowel reduction is a process in Russian where the final vowel of a word is dropped or altered when the word changes its grammatical case. The video demonstrates this with examples like 'ребенок' (child) becoming 'ребёнка' in the accusative case.

Highlights

Introduction to the accusative case in Russian, explaining its role and importance in the language.

Differentiation between animate and inanimate nouns in the accusative case, highlighting their grammatical treatments.

Explanation of the specific questions used to determine the appropriate form of nouns in the accusative case: 'кого?' for animate and 'что?' for inanimate.

Discussion on verbs that strictly require the accusative case with inanimate nouns, such as 'готовить' (to cook), 'изучать' (to study), and 'смотреть' (to watch).

Insights into verbs that can be used with both animate and inanimate nouns in the accusative case, like 'видеть' (to see) and 'знать' (to know).

Detailed breakdown of how masculine nouns change in the accusative case depending on their animacy.

Specific examples of masculine animate nouns and how their endings change in the accusative case.

Clarification that masculine inanimate nouns do not change in the accusative case, with examples like 'стул' (chair) and 'музей' (museum).

Introduction to feminine nouns in the accusative case and the rules for their transformation.

Highlighting exceptions in feminine nouns ending in 'ь' that do not change in the accusative case, such as 'мать' (mother) and 'дочь' (daughter).

Exploration of neuter nouns in the accusative case and their lack of change, demonstrated through nouns like 'окно' (window) and 'поле' (field).

A thorough explanation of common verbs associated with each gender of nouns in the accusative case, aiding in practical application.

Practical exercise tips to reinforce understanding of the accusative case, with an invitation to viewers to participate actively.

Conclusion with a recap of the accusative case's functions, aiming to solidify the viewer's understanding.

Encouragement for ongoing Russian language learning through additional videos and exercises, fostering continuous improvement.