UNNES TV - Konsep Dasar Ketahanan Nasional

Summary

This lecture on Indonesia's national resilience (Ketahanan Nasional) explores the concept's foundations, theories, and approaches. It highlights key elements such as the role of Pancasila, the national ideology, and the UUD 1945 Constitution. The lecture discusses the eight essential aspects (Astagatra) of national life, including natural resources, social factors, and defense. It emphasizes Indonesia’s geopolitical position, the importance of its diverse culture, and the need for comprehensive strategies in governance, economy, and security to ensure the country's stability and success in achieving its national goals.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of 'National Resilience' in Indonesia has been developed since 1966 and was officially defined in 1974.
• 😀 National resilience is seen as the dynamic condition of a nation, characterized by resilience and toughness to overcome challenges and threats from both internal and external forces.
• 😀 Pancasila, Indonesia's state ideology, is central to national resilience and provides the philosophical foundation for the country's governance.
• 😀 The national resilience framework includes 'Astagatra,' an 8-point system that encompasses life in society, state, and nation.
• 😀 Different experts have proposed varying approaches to national resilience, including perspectives on ideology, governance, and moral character of the nation.
• 😀 National resilience should be understood both as a real condition and as a conceptual framework for the nation's future development.
• 😀 The Indonesian archipelago, due to its strategic location and natural resources, faces both opportunities and threats related to its geography and resources.
• 😀 The population distribution and rapid growth in Indonesia pose significant challenges, such as uneven access to resources and economic disparity.
• 😀 Indonesia has committed to Pancasila as its guiding ideology, distinguishing itself from other global ideologies like liberalism and communism.
• 😀 National resilience in Indonesia involves comprehensive approaches in various sectors, including political stability, economic strength, social harmony, and national defense.

Q & A

What is the origin of the concept of *ketahanan nasional* in Indonesia?

The concept of *ketahanan nasional* was formally defined by Lemhamnas (National Resilience Institute of Indonesia) between 1966 and 1972. It was later codified in the Minister of Defense decision SKep 138, 2/12/1974.

What are the key components of the *Astagatra* approach used by Lemhamnas?

The *Astagatra* approach, used by Lemhamnas, includes 8 components: Geographical, Natural Resources, Human Resources, Ideology, Politics, Economy, Social-Cultural, and Defense-Security.

How does Hans Morgenthau's theory of national resilience differ from Lemhamnas' approach?

Hans Morgenthau's theory emphasizes 9 aspects of national resilience, particularly focusing on national character, moral values, and the quality of governance, whereas Lemhamnas' approach uses the *Astagatra* model, which incorporates a broader set of factors.

What role does Pancasila play in the concept of national resilience in Indonesia?

Pancasila serves as the ideological foundation of Indonesia, providing the philosophical basis for national resilience. It is seen as a flexible and adaptable ideology that helps maintain national unity and stability.

What does 'Wawasan Nusantara' refer to in the context of Indonesian national resilience?

'Wawasan Nusantara' refers to the vision of Indonesia's territorial integrity and the understanding of the nation as a unified archipelago, which is a key component of Indonesia's strategic approach to national resilience.

Why is the concept of national resilience considered both a *realitas* (reality) and a *konsepsi* (concept)?

National resilience is considered a *realitas* because it represents the actual conditions required to maintain a nation's survival and prosperity. It is also a *konsepsi* because it involves planning and ideation for achieving long-term goals for national stability and security.

How does the geographical position of Indonesia affect its national resilience?

Indonesia’s geographical location as a vast archipelago between two oceans and two continents presents both opportunities and challenges. It provides abundant natural resources but also exposes the country to risks such as natural disasters and geopolitical tensions.

What are the main challenges to national resilience posed by Indonesia's social and cultural diversity?

Indonesia’s social and cultural diversity, with its multiple ethnic groups, languages, and religions, poses challenges in maintaining national unity. Issues such as regional disparities, ethnic tensions, and social inequality must be addressed to ensure national cohesion.

What is the significance of political stability in ensuring national resilience?

Political stability is crucial for national resilience as it ensures effective governance, legitimacy of the government, and the ability to implement policies that foster unity, economic development, and security.

How do the defense and security sectors contribute to national resilience?

The defense and security sectors contribute to national resilience by ensuring the country's safety from external threats, maintaining internal stability, and providing a sense of security for citizens. This is achieved through the readiness of the military (TNI) and police forces (Polri), as well as comprehensive defense planning.