Thực Tiễn Và Nhận Thức - Triết Học Mác-Lê Nin | Ngắn Gọn Dễ Hiểu

Summary

This video explores the concept of practical activity (thực tiễn) and its fundamental role in human cognition within the framework of Marxist philosophy. It explains how practical activities—such as material production, political action, and scientific experimentation—serve as the basis, motivation, and criterion for knowledge. The script highlights how human understanding develops through sensory experience and rational thought, with real-world validation of ideas. Through examples like farming, industrial work, and Galileo’s experiments, the video emphasizes the importance of practice in shaping and verifying our understanding of the world.

Takeaways

• 😀 Practical activity is the foundation of human cognition, encompassing all material activities aimed at transforming nature and society.
• 😀 There are three main forms of practical activity: material production, political-social activity, and scientific experimentation.
• 😀 Material production involves humans using tools to affect nature and produce the necessary conditions for survival, such as farming or factory work.
• 😀 Political-social activities refer to community and organizational efforts to improve social relations and drive societal development, such as elections or youth congresses.
• 😀 Scientific experimentation is a specific form of practical activity aimed at discovering the laws of nature and society, such as scientific research and medical advancements.
• 😀 Cognition is a process of reflecting the objective world into human consciousness, with two main stages: sensory perception and rational cognition.
• 😀 Sensory cognition is the initial stage of perception, encompassing sensation, perception, and mental imagery.
• 😀 Rational cognition follows sensory cognition and helps people understand abstract concepts such as light speed, commodity value, and social relations.
• 😀 The role of practical activity in cognition includes being both the foundation and driving force of knowledge, as well as serving as a standard for truth.
• 😀 Practical activity provides the conditions for human cognition by revealing the properties and laws of the world, helping develop human perception and reasoning, ultimately deepening our understanding of reality.

Q & A

What is the core idea of the materialist dialectical theory discussed in the script?

The core idea is that human cognition of the world is shaped through practical activities, such as production, politics, and scientific experimentation. These activities serve as the basis for knowledge and understanding, with practice being a key driver of human perception and intellectual development.

What are the three basic forms of practical activity mentioned in the video?

The three basic forms of practical activity are material production activities, political and social activities, and scientific experimentation.

How does material production relate to cognition in this theory?

Material production is the fundamental form of practice, as it involves human interaction with nature to create material wealth. This process directly contributes to the development of human cognition and understanding of the world, making it the most important of the three forms of practical activity.

What role does political and social activity play in the theory?

Political and social activity refers to the actions taken by different groups or organizations within society to transform social and political relations in order to promote social development. This form of practice contributes to human understanding of social dynamics and systems.

What is scientific experimentation and how does it contribute to cognition?

Scientific experimentation is a specific form of practice conducted under controlled conditions to replicate or simulate aspects of nature or society. It helps uncover the laws of transformation of phenomena, contributing to the advancement of human knowledge.

What is the difference between sensory perception and rational cognition in the process of knowledge acquisition?

Sensory perception is the initial stage of cognition, involving sensations such as sight, touch, and taste. Rational cognition, on the other hand, is a higher-level stage where abstract thinking, concepts, judgments, and reasoning are used to understand more complex ideas beyond immediate sensory input.

What is the role of practice as the 'foundation, driving force, and purpose' of cognition?

Practice serves as the foundation of cognition because it is through practical activity that humans interact with and influence the world, revealing its properties and laws. It is the driving force because it pushes humans to expand their understanding in response to changing conditions. Finally, practice is the goal of cognition because the purpose of knowledge is to apply it to real-world situations to improve life and solve problems.

How does practice act as the 'criterion of truth' in the theory?

Practice acts as the criterion of truth by serving as the ultimate test for the validity of knowledge. Theories and concepts are only confirmed as true if they can be verified through practical application. If knowledge aligns with real-world results, it is considered true.

Can you explain the example given about the falling objects experiment with Galileo?

The example refers to Galileo's experiment in the 1600s, which disproved the belief that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones. By dropping two objects of different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa, he showed they fell at the same rate (with slight differences due to air resistance), validating his theory through practical experimentation.

Why is the distinction between sensory perception and rational cognition important in understanding the limitations of human knowledge?

This distinction highlights that sensory perception alone is insufficient for fully understanding complex phenomena like the speed of light or economic systems. Rational cognition, which involves higher-order thinking such as analysis and synthesis, is necessary to comprehend abstract concepts and understand the broader laws governing nature and society.