Alat Ukur Tanah "THEODOLITE"

Summary

This video tutorial explains the use of a theodolite for measuring ground levels and angles. The presenter, along with a colleague, introduces the essential components of the theodolite, such as the horizontal and vertical fine adjusters, bubble level, and focusing mechanisms. The process involves determining a benchmark point, setting up the theodolite on a tripod, and ensuring accurate alignment and calibration. It details how to measure the height difference between two points and calculate distances. The session also covers the use of the theodolite for marking precise angles and ensuring proper equipment storage after use.

Takeaways

• 😀 The theodolite is a surveying instrument used to measure land heights by determining both horizontal and vertical angles.
• 😀 The tool includes several key components, such as the telescope adjuster, vertical lock, fine adjustment mechanism, and leveling screws.
• 😀 The first step in using the theodolite is to mark a benchmark (BM) point, which serves as the reference for all subsequent measurements.
• 😀 It’s crucial to level the tripod properly to ensure the theodolite is positioned directly over the BM point for accurate readings.
• 😀 The theodolite should be securely mounted on the tripod, with adjustments made to align it precisely with the BM point using a leveling lens.
• 😀 Leveling the theodolite is an important step, requiring the adjustment of the leveling bubble to center using the leveling screws.
• 😀 Measuring the height of the instrument is a critical part of the process, and this height is later used to calculate elevation differences.
• 😀 Once the setup is complete, the theodolite is aimed at the target point, and measurements are taken to determine height differences.
• 😀 Calculating the height difference between the BM point and the new point involves subtracting the vertical reading at the target from the instrument's height.
• 😀 Horizontal distance is calculated by subtracting the top reading from the bottom reading, then multiplying the result by 100.
• 😀 The process concludes with marking the final points, resetting the instrument, and carefully packing it away after measurements are completed.

Q & A

What is the purpose of using a theodolite in land measurement?

A theodolite is used to determine the elevation of land by measuring angles, either horizontal or vertical, to calculate differences in height.

What are the main components of a theodolite and their functions?

The key components include the coarse adjustment, fine adjustment, level adjuster, focus adjustment, horizontal circle lock, and vertical focus adjuster. These parts help in directing, locking, focusing, and adjusting the instrument for precise measurements.

How is the theodolite set up initially for use?

The first step is to place a point marker (BM) on the ground. Then, the tripod is positioned exactly above this point, ensuring the theodolite is centered and stable before proceeding with calibration.

Why is it important to check the level of the theodolite's bubble tube?

Ensuring that the bubble tube is centered is crucial for accurate measurements. It ensures the instrument is properly aligned and that any errors due to tilting are avoided.

What is the process to measure the height of the instrument?

To measure the height of the instrument, you need to use a measuring tape and note down the reading at the theodolite’s position, which provides the height of the instrument (tea).

How do you measure the height difference between two points using theodolite data?

The height difference between two points is calculated by subtracting the central thread (BP) measurement from the instrument height (tea), yielding the elevation difference.

What is the significance of setting the horizontal angle to 0° during measurements?

Setting the horizontal angle to 0° ensures that the measurements are taken from a consistent reference point, ensuring accuracy in the direction of the measurements.

How is the distance between two points calculated using the theodolite?

The distance is calculated by subtracting the lower thread measurement (BB) from the upper thread measurement (WA), then multiplying the result by 100 to convert it to millimeters or the required unit.

What does a positive value in the height difference between two points indicate?

A positive value indicates that the second point is higher than the reference point (BM), meaning the land at the second point is elevated compared to the starting point.

What should be done after completing the measurements with the theodolite?

After completing the measurements, the theodolite should be carefully dismounted and stored properly. Additionally, any relevant marks on the measured points, like the 90° angle on a wall, should be recorded or labeled as necessary.