ОДНЕ МІРКУВАННЯ ПРО ОДНУ ДУМКУ ВІТҐЕНШТАЙНА (TLP, 2.0121)

Summary

In this lecture, Ivan Vaschenko delves into Ludwig Wittgenstein's influential ideas from his *Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus*, particularly focusing on the second proposition. Wittgenstein critiques the logical atomism popular in early 20th-century British philosophy, arguing that our perception of objects cannot be isolated from their connections to other objects. He challenges the idea of direct, unmediated access to individual items in the world, stressing the interdependence of all knowledge, language, and experience. Vaschenko discusses Wittgenstein’s profound impact on Anglo-American epistemology, philosophy of language, and the development of inferentialism, highlighting the importance of linguistic structures in shaping our understanding of reality.

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Q & A

What philosophical text is being discussed in the script?

The script discusses Ludwig Wittgenstein's 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus', specifically focusing on the second proposition of the text.

How does the speaker describe Wittgenstein's early philosophy?

The speaker argues that Wittgenstein's early philosophy, as presented in the 'Tractatus', is often misunderstood as logical atomism, a view associated with Bertrand Russell, though Wittgenstein critiques this notion.

What is logical atomism and how is it related to Wittgenstein’s critique?

Logical atomism is the belief that the world consists of independent, indivisible facts or 'atoms.' Wittgenstein critiques this idea by arguing that we cannot conceive of objects without considering their connections to other objects, undermining the atomistic view.

What does Wittgenstein mean by 'objects' and 'states of affairs'?

In Wittgenstein's philosophy, 'objects' are individual things in the world, and 'states of affairs' refer to the ways in which these objects are arranged or connected with one another to form meaningful contexts.

What does Wittgenstein’s proposition suggest about thinking of objects independently?

Wittgenstein suggests that we cannot think of any object outside the possibility of its connection with other objects. For example, we cannot understand what a tree is without also considering concepts like color, plants, or animals, which are related to it.

How does the script differentiate Wittgenstein’s philosophy from classical empiricism?

Classical empiricism, as argued by philosophers like Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, suggests that knowledge is based on sensory experiences of isolated objects. Wittgenstein rejects this view, asserting that our knowledge of objects is always contextual and depends on their relation to other objects.

How does Wittgenstein’s critique relate to the concept of epistemic access to the world?

Wittgenstein challenges the idea that we can have direct, isolated access to objects. He argues that our epistemic access to the world depends on the connections between objects, and our understanding is always mediated by language and prior knowledge.

What role does language play in Wittgenstein’s philosophy according to the script?

Language plays a crucial role in Wittgenstein's philosophy. He argues that our ability to think about and represent objects depends on our mastery of language, which shapes our understanding of the world and makes possible the identification and connection of objects.

What is 'inference' in the context of this script, and how does it relate to Wittgenstein’s ideas?

'Inference' refers to the process of reasoning or deducing one piece of knowledge from another. The speaker connects this idea to Wittgenstein’s philosophy by suggesting that inference, or the inferential structure, precedes our ability to represent or think about the world, highlighting the role of language and conceptual connections.

How did Wittgenstein influence Anglo-American philosophy, particularly in the areas of epistemology and philosophy of language?

Wittgenstein had a significant impact on Anglo-American philosophy by challenging the prevailing views on knowledge and language. His ideas influenced the development of epistemology and philosophy of language, particularly through figures like Wilfrid Sellars, who built on Wittgenstein’s critique of empiricism and developed the theory of inferentialism.