🥇 Anatomía de la CAVIDAD ORBITARIA. (ÓRBITA OCULAR). Fácil, Rápida y Sencilla

Summary

Este video ofrece una introducción detallada a la anatomía del orbita ocular, la parte huesosa del cráneo que alberga los ojos. El Dr. Juan José Sánchez, de la Universidad de Oriente en Venezuela, examina la relación del orbita con estructuras cercanas, como el senos frontal y el fosa craneal. Detalla las relaciones superiores, laterales, inferiores e internas del orbita, y describe las paredes y bordes que lo componen. Explica la función de las facciones orbitarias, como el forámen infraorbital y el ducto lágrimal, y cómo se articulan las diferentes partes del hueso para formar el borde orbital. Finalmente, el video invita a los espectadores a suscribirse y seguir al Dr. Sánchez en Instagram para más contenido educativo.

Takeaways

• 🧠 La órbita ocular es el espacio del cráneo donde se alberga principalmente el ojo, incluyendo músculos y nervios relacionados.
• 🗺️ La órbita está compuesta por una parte bonya y tiene una relación anatómica con estructuras como el senos maxilar y etmoidal.
• 👁️ La pared superior de la órbita está formada por el hueso frontal y la lámina orbital del hueso esfenoides.
• 🛤️ Las paredes laterales de la órbita están conformadas por el hueso esfenoides, zygomatico y frontal, y contienen fisuras como la fisura orbital superior e inferior.
• 🕳️ La pared inferior o piso de la órbita está compuesta por el hueso maxilar, el hueso zygomatico y el hueso palatino.
• 💧 El ducto lacrimal se encuentra en la pared medial de la órbita, conectando el saco lacrimal con el meato inferior nasal.
• 🚪 La órbita tiene una serie de orificios y fisuras que la comunican con diferentes partes de la cavidad craneal.
• 🦴 Los bordes de la órbita están formados por los huesos frontal, zygomatico, maxilar y lagrimal, y incluyen uniones como la sutura frontomaxilaria y la sutura zigomatiko-maxilar.
• 📐 La órbita tiene cuatro bordes: superior (supraorbital), lateral (externo), inferior (infraorbital) y medial (interno).
• 👥 Los músculos y nervios que mueven el ojo y transmiten información al mismo están ubicados en la órbita y sus alrededores.
• 📚 La anatomía de la órbita es compleja y es fundamental para entender la función del ojo y las rutas de los nervios y vasos sanguíneos.

Q & A

¿Qué es la órbita ocular y qué contiene principalmente?

La órbita ocular es el espacio en el cráneo donde se albergan principalmente los ojos, incluyendo los músculos que los mueven y los nervios responsables de transmitir información al ojo.

¿Cuáles son las relaciones superiores de la cavidad orbital?

Las relaciones superiores de la cavidad orbital incluyen la fosa craneal anterior y el seno frontal.

¿Cómo se relaciona la fosa craneal media con la órbita ocular?

La fosa craneal media tiene una relación lateral con la órbita ocular, ubicándose aproximadamente a ese nivel.

¿Cuál es la única estructura que se encuentra en la relación inferior de la cavidad orbital?

La única estructura en la relación inferior de la cavidad orbital es el seno maxilar superior, también conocido como seno axilar en algunas listas anatomías.

¿Qué huesos componen los bordes de la órbita ocular?

Los bordes de la órbita ocular están dados por tres huesos: el hueso frontal superiormente, el hueso zygomatico lateralmente y el hueso maxilar inferiormente, además del hueso lacrimal medialmente.

¿Cómo se llama la unión de los huesos en el borde inferior de la órbita ocular?

La unión en el borde inferior de la órbita ocular se conoce como la sutura zigomatiko-maxilar.

¿Qué estructuras se encuentran en el borde superior de la órbita ocular?

En el borde superior de la órbita ocular se encuentra la notch supraorbital y la notch frontal, que dan paso a los nervios y vasos supraorbitales.

¿Cómo se relaciona la órbita ocular con el hueso etmoides?

El hueso etmoides está relacionado con la órbita ocular mediamente, específicamente por las células etmoidales en la parte anteromedial y el seno esfenoidal en la parte posteromedial.

¿Cuáles son las dos estructuras principales que se encuentran en el borde lateral de la órbita ocular?

En el borde lateral de la órbita ocular se encuentran el proceso zygomatico del hueso frontal y el proceso frontal del hueso zygomatico, que forman la parte externa del borde.

¿Qué es la fosa del saco lagrimal y cómo se encuentra en la órbita ocular?

La fosa del saco lagrimal es el espacio que alberga el saco lagrimal y se encuentra en la pared medial de la órbita ocular, entre el cresto posterior del hueso lacrimal y el cresto anterior del hueso maxilar.

¿Cómo se describe la forma de la órbita ocular en términos de su estructura?

La órbita ocular tiene una forma similar a una pirámide cuadrangular o una pera, con su base orientada hacia delante y su ápice hacia atrás, adquiriendo una disposición de cono que va ensanchándose y luego se va estrechando progresivamente.

Outlines

00:00

😀 Introducción a la Anatomía del Orbita Ocular

El Dr. Juan José Sánchez de Venezuela, de la Universidad del Oriente en el estado de Bolívar, inicia una serie de videos sobre neuroanatomía, específicamente la anatomía del orbita ocular. Se describe el orbita como los espacios en el cráneo donde se alojan principalmente los ojos, incluyendo los músculos que los mueven y los nervios responsables de la información visual. Se mencionan las relaciones del orbita, como la fosa craneal anterior superior, la cava frontal, la fosa craneal media lateral y la fosa craneal media posterior, así como la relación inferior con el seno maxilar y la relación medial con el hueso etmoides y el seno esfenoidal.

05:03

🧠 Descripción de las Aristas y Bordes del Orbita

Se detalla la estructura del borde orbital compuesto por tres huesos: el hueso frontal superior, el hueso zygomatico externo y el hueso maxilar inferior. Se describen las suturas que unen estos huesos y las cuatro aristas del orbita: la arista supraorbital, la arista lateral, la arista infraorbital y la arista medial. Se destacan estructuras específicas como la notch supraorbital, la notch frontal, la cresta posterior lagrimal y la cresta anterior lagrimal, así como la fosa del saco lagrimal y el conducto lagrimal que conecta con el meato inferior nasal.

10:04

👁️paredes del Orbita y sus Comunicaciones

Se examina la forma del orbita, similar a una pirámide cuadrangular con una base ancha y una punta estrecha, y se describen sus paredes superior, lateral, inferior y medial. La pared superior está formada por el hueso frontal y la ala menor del hueso esfenoidal, donde se encuentra el conducto óptico. Las paredes laterales están compuestas por el hueso esfenoidal, el hueso zygomatico y el hueso frontal, con importantes comunicaciones como la fisura orbital superior y la fisura orbital inferior. La pared inferior está formada por el hueso maxilar, el hueso malar y el hueso palatino, con la sulco infraorbital y el conducto infraorbital. La pared medial está compuesta por el hueso etmoides, el hueso lagrimal, el hueso frontal y la parte del cuerpo del hueso esfenoidal, con los forámenes etmoidales anteriores y posteriores.

15:09

🧵 Comunicaciones del Orbita con otras Estructuras Craneales

Se profundiza en las comunicaciones del orbita con el cráneo a través de sus paredes y fisuras. La fisura orbital superior se comunica con la fosa craneal media y es importante para el paso de los nervios craneales que sirven los músculos del ojo. La fisura orbital inferior se comunica con la fosa pterigopalatina e infratemporal. Se describen las dos orificios zygomaticos orbitales a través de los cuales pasan los nervios zygomaticos.

20:12

📢 Conclusión y Agradecimientos

El video concluye con un agradecimiento a los espectadores y un recordatorio para suscribirse, dar like y compartir el contenido. Además, se invita a la audiencia a seguir al Dr. Sánchez en Instagram para recibir actualizaciones y más información sobre la anatomía y neuroanatomía.

Keywords

💡Orbita ocular

La órbita ocular se refiere a los espacios en el cráneo donde se albergan principalmente los ojos, incluyendo los músculos que los mueven y los nervios responsables de la información visual. Es el eje central del tema del video, donde se describe su anatomía y relaciones con otras estructuras del cráneo.

💡Cráneo

El cráneo es la estructura ósea que compone la cabeza y protege el cerebro. En el contexto del video, se utiliza para describir la posición y las relaciones de la órbita ocular con otras partes del cráneo, como la fosa craneal anterior y la fosa craneal media.

💡Músculos oculares

Los músculos oculares son los que permiten el movimiento del ojo. Aunque el video no se centra en el ojo en sí, sí menciona estos músculos como parte de la órbita ocular, destacando su importancia en la movilidad del ojo dentro del espacio óptico.

💡Nervios oculares

Los nervios oculares son los que transmiten la información visual del ojo al cerebro. En el video, se resalta su importancia al mencionar que la órbita ocular contiene los nervios que 'traen información al ojo', refiriéndose a la función vital de estos nervios en la visión.

💡Orbita bony

La órbita bony, o órbita ósea, es la parte ósea que conforma la estructura de la órbita ocular. Se destaca en el video como el eje central de la anatomía que se está estudiando, y se describen sus relaciones con otras estructuras como el hueso frontal y el hueso zygomatico.

💡Fosa craneal

Las fosas craneales son cavidades en el interior del cráneo que albergan partes del cerebro. En el video, se mencionan específicamente la fosa craneal anterior y la fosa craneal media como relaciones superiores y laterales de la órbita ocular.

💡Sinusal maxilar

El sinusal maxilar, también conocido como seno maxilar, es una cavidad en el hueso maxilar superior que se encuentra en relación inferior con la órbita ocular. En el video, se describe como una estructura que tiene una relación con la órbita ocular y es parte de la anatomía descrita.

💡Huesos del borde orbital

Los huesos del borde orbital son los que forman el límite externo de la órbita ocular. En el video, se detallan tres huesos específicos: el hueso frontal, el hueso zygomatico y el hueso maxilar, que juntos conforman el borde orbital.

💡Forámenes y fisuras orbitales

Los forámenes y fisuras orbitales son aperturas y divisiones en los huesos que componen la órbita ocular. Son importantes porque permiten el paso de nervios y vasos sanguíneos. En el video, se mencionan el forámetro supraorbital, el forámetro infraorbital, la fisura orbital superior y la fisura orbital inferior como elementos clave en la anatomía de la órbita.

💡Glándula lacrimal

La glándula lacrimal es la glándula que produce las lágrimas. En el video, se describe su ubicación en la órbita ocular, específicamente en la pared superior de la órbita, y su importancia para la producción de lágrimas que fluyen hacia el saco lacrimal.

💡Ducto lacrimal

El ducto lacrimal es el conducto a través del cual las lágrimas pasan del saco lacrimal hacia la cavidad nasal. Se menciona en el video como parte de la relación interna de la órbita ocular, y se describe su conexión con el meato inferior de la cavidad nasal.

Highlights

La órbita ocular es el espacio en el cráneo donde se albergan principalmente los ojos, los músculos que los mueven y los nervios responsables de transmitir información al ojo.

Las relaciones superiores de la órbita incluyen la fosa craneal anterior y el seno frontal.

Las relaciones laterales de la órbita están formadas por la fosa temporal y la fosa craneal media.

La relación inferior de la órbita es el seno maxilar o seno axilar.

La relación medial de la órbita incluye el hueso etmoide y los senos etmoidales, así como el seno esfenoides.

Las esquinas de la órbita están dadas por tres huesos: el hueso frontal superiormente, el hueso zigomático lateralmente y el hueso maxilar inferiormente.

La cresta supraorbitaria es una protuberancia en la parte superior de la órbita que alberga el nervio y las arterias supraorbitarias.

La cresta lacrimal es una protuberancia en la pared medial de la órbita que se encuentra en el hueso lagrimal.

La fosa del saco lagrimal es el espacio entre las crestas lacrimales anterior y posterior donde se ubica el saco lagrimal.

El ducto lagrimal es el conducto a través del cual fluyen las lágrimas desde el saco lagrimal hacia la cavidad nasal.

Las paredes de la órbita tienen forma de pirámide cuadrada y presentan una base amplía anterior y una punta estrecha posterior.

La pared superior de la órbita está formada por el hueso frontal y la ala menor del hueso esfenoides.

El conducto óptico es un canal en la pared superior de la órbita a través del cual pasa el nervio óptico (II par).

La fosa lacrimal es el espacio en la pared superior donde se ubica la glándula lagrimal.

Las paredes laterales de la órbita están compuestas por el hueso esfenoides, el hueso zigomático y el hueso frontal.

La fisiura orbital superior es un canal importante a través del cual pasan los nervios que innervan los músculos oculares.

La fisiura orbital inferior comunica la órbita con la fosa pterigopalatina e infratemporal.

La pared inferior de la órbita está formada por el hueso maxilar, el hueso malar y el hueso palatino.

La cresta infraorbitaria es una protuberancia en la pared inferior de la órbita donde se encuentra la fosa infraorbitaria.

La pared medial de la órbita está compuesta por el hueso etmoide, el hueso lagrimal, el hueso maxilar y el hueso frontal.

Las foramina etmoidales son los orificios en la pared medial de la órbita a través de los cuales pasan los nervios etmoidales.

Transcripts

Very pleasant greetings my dear anatomy listeners, Dr. Juan José

Sánchez from Venezuela greets you, from the University of Oriente in the state of Bolívar and today

we started making neuroanatomy videos and I bring you this video about

the anatomy of The ocular orbit, the bony orbit, basically the ocular orbit are the holes,

the spaces found in the skull where the eyes are mainly housed,

the muscles that move them and the nerves that are responsible for carrying or bringing information to the eye. What

is the eyeball, then basically the relations of this orbit, that is, we will not touch

the eye itself, but rather the orbit, the bony part of it, let's say that contains the eye, the relations of

this orbit in this image is a vision. superior an axial section of the skull this would be anterior,

this would be the frontal bone, this would be posterior and this would then be lateral, then the

relations of the orbit first we will begin with the relations superior see here we will find

the anterior cranial fossa, yes? which is basically formed by the entire cranial cavity that is

above the frontal bone, let's follow this frontal section in this previous view, we see that

then superiorly, as I told you, there is the anterior cranial fossa but there is also

the frontal sinus, so that This structure see that they are superior relations of

the orbital cavity, as external or lateral relations we have this lateral view of the skull,

we have the entire temporal fossa and in this image that is also of the endocranium, that is,

we are seeing inside the skull we see then that the middle cranial fossa would be a lateral relationship

of the orbit that is located more or less at this level, then the temporal fossa would be here in

the middle cranial fossa here, both structures are a lateral or external relationship of the

orbital cavity, as an inferior relationship a The only structure that is the sinus of the upper jaw,

called in the new anatomical list simply the axillary sinus, see that it is in inferior relation

to the orbital cavity and as a medial or internal relation we will have this bone, which is the ethmoid bone,

specifically these spaces, which are the sinuses or cells, the name itself is

ethmoidal cells towards the anteromedial part, but if we do not go to the posteromedial part we will

rather find what is the sphenoid sinus or sphenoid sinus, so that both structures,

structures I am referring to The ethmoidal cells anteriorly and the

sphenoid sinus posteriorly are medial relations to the orbit, so later

in the video we will explain the edges of the orbit and its walls, do not detach yourself from the video

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and don't forget to like the video, then don't forget to subscribe here in the lower

right corner, it is very important that you do so. So continuing with the video we will talk about the edges

of the orbit of everything we call the orbital rim, basically the edges of the orbit

are going to be given by three bones; upwards the frontal bone, this is external guys and this is

internal, then towards the external and towards the lateral we will have the zygomatic bone mainly,

towards the lower the lower jaw bone, sorry upper jaw and towards medial in addition to having

the upper jaw we will also have the lacrimal bone, this lacrimal bone is also known

as the unguis, so you can find it in both ways in the atlases, both the

lacrimal bone and the unguis, so in this orbital rim we will basically find three sutures:

a suture that joins the frontal bone to the maxilla which would be the fronto-maxillary suture,

here we would then have the suture that joins the frontal bone with the zygomatic bone, which would be the

frontal zygomatic suture, listen carefully, this zygomatic bone is also known as the

malar bone, that is why you can Also find the name of fronto-malar suture, it is the same,

malar and zygomatic are the same and downwards we would have the union of the suture between what is

the zygomatic bone towards the outside and the upper jaw inwards, then this would be

the zygomatic-maxillary suture, those are the three big sutures on the edges. Come on

To go a little deeper into these edges, basically the orbit will have four edges:

an upper edge also called supraorbital edge, a lateral or external edge,

a lower edge also called infra orbital edge and a medial edge also called

internal edge, so that These are going to be the four edges that are going to delimit

the orbit itself, let's then see what structures we find on each edge, basically

the supraorbital edge that would be this is formed only by what is the frontal bone,

we see that the union of the external two thirds with the internal third of the upper edge of the

orbit, which is this rim of the frontal, we find this notch that we see here, that structure, that

notch is called the supraorbital notch and well it gives way to the supraorbital nerve and branches

of the supraorbital arteries , many times the supraorbital notch is closed by

fibrous tissue in the lower part and instead of being a notch it then becomes a

supraorbital hole or orifice but the most common thing is that it is a notch; Now after the

supraorbital notch, which here is this towards medial, we find another notch towards medial,

do not forget to look for what the midline of the body is, that other notch is the

frontal notch that also gives branches to supraorbital vessels and nerves, so those are

the structures of the supraorbital rim, here an inferior view we see the supraorbital notch

and medially what the frontal notch, this is an inferior view of the frontal bone and towards

the sides of the then ethmoid bone. Let's then go over the external edge or lateral edge,

that edge is formed by the bones, see first it is formed by the zygomatic process of the

frontal bone that articulates with the frontal process of the zygomatic bone, then both processes

I speak of the zygomatic process of the frontal and From the front of the zygomatic bone they make me the external edge,

this edge is important because it is concave forward, in addition to being concave inward

it is concave forward what happens is that in this image it is not seen, in other images

we see it Let's see well, this increases the temporal angle of vision of the eye. It is very important for

the function of the eye that this external edge be concave forward, see it here in this

lateral view how the external edge is then concave forward, we then move on. The

inferior edge or infra orbital edge, this inferior or infra orbital edge, see that it is formed

by two bones: it is formed by the malar or zygomatic bone and it is formed by the maxillary

or upper jaw bone as they want to call it but the correct name is only maxillary, see

then that on this lower edge we find two centimeters below the lower edge

which is the infra orbital foramen, there they also pass towards the face which are the

infra orbital vessels and nerves, so you can see here in the following image you can see Since the upper jaw

is perforated by a duct that is the infraorbital duct and opens into the infraorbital foramen

, later on I will explain well what the conformation of this infraorbital duct is like.

Let's now go to the internal edge that has more structures, because notice, remember that

this is medial, here we see the nasal bones and this is lateral because we see the zygomatic,

so notice how the upper edge continues with the internal edge towards the

posterior while the lower edge is also continuous with the inner edge but a little

more anterior, what is happening? This bone that is here, as I told you, is the lacrimal bone,

so this ridge that you see here is the so-called posterior lacrimal crest, which is

then continuous with the frontal bone with the supraorbital edge, while this ridge that

you see here is the anterior lacrimal crest and this anterior lacrimal crest is continuous through

the maxillary bone with everything that is the infraorbital edge, so that it is said that the

inner edge of the eye is a little widened. Why? because see it in this view from lateral

to medial we then see the posterior lacrimal crest of the lacrimal bone and we see the

anterior lacrimal crest of the upper jaw bone that space that remains between the lacrimal crest

anterior and posterior lacrimal crest is precisely the fossa of the lacrimal sac, which is where the lacrimal sac is housed and

through the lacrimal sacrum a duct opens which is this hole that you see

downwards which is the lacrimal duct, then that lacrimal duct ends leading into the

inferior meatus of the nasal cavity as you see in this image, this bone that you see here in red

is from another book, this one from the upper jaw, this one that you see in green is the lacrimal bone and this would be

the inferior turbinate bone or inferior nasal concha , then notice how this hole is the

final hole of that tear duct, so when we cry that the tears are

collected by the tear sac we also tend to throw mucus out of the nose but really what

we vote are tears through the nose as it is The nasal cavity covered with mucus, we

see that we release mucus when we cry, that is why we say we cry with loose mucus, it is basically

through this tear duct; The limits then of that tear duct, see here

this would be the sac and all of this is the duct, the lateral limit would be the upper jaw,

while the medial limit is given by two bones: it is given by this one, which is the inferior turbinate,

and by this which would be the lacrimal bone, see here towards the lateral lacrimal bone and

inferior turbinate and towards medial which would be this, sorry recapitulated, towards medial it would be the

lacrimal bone and the inferior turbinate and towards the lateral, excuse me, this is the upper jaw bone.

We then move on to the walls of the orbit, remember that the orbit has a

pear shape, like a pyramid shape, let's say quadrangular, a four-sided pyramid,

the base of the pear faces anteriorly and the tip of the pear faces towards posterior, so that it is

like a cone, at first it is wide and then it becomes increasingly narrower, then

the orbit also has a series of holes that communicate it to different parts of the

endocranial cavity that we are going to go describing each one. So first we are going to talk about the

walls of the orbit, then since it has four sides it will have four limits or four four

walls, first the upper wall also called the roof of the orbit, there we are basically

going to find two bones: we are going to find the lamina orbital of the frontal bone that

I am pointing out here in green and we find the lesser wing of the sphenoid of the sphenoid bone,

a bone that we had not named yet, so notice that that lesser wing of the sphenoid

has two spines and those spines delimit a duct Well, that duct that I put here

in red is the optic duct, very important because nothing more and nothing less than the second cranial nerve passes through there

, which is the optic nerve, through that optic duct that you already know is

there . limited by both spines of the lesser wing of the stickleback, then these structures are those

found at the level of the roof of the orbit, see this image a little more of the sobotta

a little better described, we are going to see that there is a large fossa towards medial that is It is called the torchlear fossa

because it is inserted into a pulley there, it is like a trochlea, in fact trochlea means pulley,

the greater oblique muscle is inserted to make certain movements in the eye,

then the fossa that is located medially in the trochlear fossa, while the fossa

that is located in the roof on the lateral or external part, there is the

tear-producing gland, that is, the lacrimal gland, and it leaves that hole in that fossa, which is why

it is called the lacrimal gland fossa. Let's move on to the side walls,

these side walls are important anatomically because they basically

together describe a right angle, that is, an angle of almost 90 degrees. See how both

side walls, which are these, look practically medially, so those side walls

They are going to be basically composed of three bones, we are going to be first with the sphenoid, but it

will no longer be the lesser wing like the roof but instead it will be the greater wing of the sphenoid,

in addition to the greater wing, the sphenoid, which is the most posterior part of the lateral limit,

remember that where the zygomaticus is lateral and where you see the maxilla is medial, so anterior,

That is, a more anterior limit of that lateral wall is given by the orbital portion of the

zygomatic bone or malar bone and in its most superior portion part of the orbital portion of the

frontal bone, so the frontal bone until now is the roof and is also part of the lateral wall,

in that lateral wall we find two large holes: first this one that is in green,

which is called the superior orbital fissure, and then this lower one, which is in red, which would be the

inferior orbital fissure, why are these fissures important? ? which also receive other names

that I am going to tell you, the most superior fissure, which is the superior orbital fissure, is limited by

both wings of the sphenoid, by the greater and the lesser, which is why this is also

called a cleft . sphenoid, while the inferior orbital fissure is limited by both the

greater wing of the sphenoid and the maxillary bone, which is why it is called the

sphenomaxillary cleft, then through this sphenoidal cleft, which would be the superior orbital,

the cranial nerves that innervate pass. To the muscles of the eye, I am talking about the third, which is the

common motor oculus, and the fourth, the pathetic or trochlear oculus, and the sixth, which is the motor oculus, while

structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure that end up in the pterygopalatine fossa. and also

at the level of the infratemporal fossa, I forgot to tell you that then the superior orbital fissure

connects that orbit with the middle cranial fossa, while the inferior orbital fissure with those

fossae that I told you about with the pterygopalatine fossa, see here all This is the

inferior orbital fissure and this fossa would be the pterygo palatine, this would be the inferior orbital fissure and

outward would be the infratemporal fossa that connects to this inferior orbital fissure, while

this would be the superior orbital fissure that you see is basically delimited by both wings of the

sphenoid, communicating it with this entire area that is the minimum cranial fossa, now in those

lateral walls see here how the three bones look like, the zygomatic, we see the greater wing of the sphenoid,

we see the frontal, there are two holes that They are the zygomatic orbital orifices, these two that you see

here are holes through which the zygomatic nerves pass, now let's go to the floor, to the floor of

that orbit, on the floor of that orbit we find basically three bones, that would be all these areas that

you see here, We are going to first find what the upper jaw bone is, anteroexternal to it

we find the orbital portion of the malar bone or the zygomatic bone and posteriorly the bone

that is this one that you see here in blue that we had never mentioned is the palatine bone,

these Three structures make up the floor of the orbit. Now at the level of the upper jaw we find a

groove, look carefully, that groove is called the infra orbital groove, do not confuse it with the cleft or

the lower orbital fissure, no, this infra orbital groove connects to the cleft,

that is, that fissure. inferior orbital with what is the infra orbital foramen as we are going to see it

now, so this groove is called that when we see it from above throughout the entire floor of the orbit,

it becomes a conduit when it pierces this tunnel, so at this level see This wire

that we are putting through the infra orbital foramen, how we can take it out through the sulcus,

all that goes through the wire is the infra orbital conduit, also see in this image,

so here it would be the infra orbital foramen, which we name on the lower edge of the rim.

orbital, this entire course that you see here would be the infraorbital conduit and what

we see here would be the infraorbital sulcus, so sulcus, conduit and foramen,

you already know that it is communicating to what is the inferior orbital fissure so that they give way to

the nerves of the infraorbital vessels. Let's finish what the medial walls

of the orbit are. In this medial wall we basically find 3 bones. Something important is that

unlike the external wall, the medial wall practically forms a parallel angle to each other,

if not like the external one. which came at a basically oblique angle, otherwise all

the upper, lower and outer walls have a triangular shape while the only one that

They do not have a triangular shape, it is the medial wall because it has a more quadrilateral shape,

so it will be made up of four bones, I said 3 but there are 4, first the ethmoid bone with

its orbital portion, then the lacrimal bone above the frontal bone of so that the

frontal bone is part of the median limit and part of the lateral limit and as well as

posteriorly with a small part of the body of the sphenoid bone, then these four bones

make me the medial limit, remember that we are seeing this image from lateral towards the

meridian then we had already named what is the posterior lacrimal crest of the lacrimal bone

, the anterior lacrimal crest of the upper jaw that is already considered the edge,

remember the widened edge, basically the anterior limit of the medial wall is

the crest posterior lacrimal, now at the level of that medial wall we find two holes

that give way to the ethmoidal nerves, I am talking about the anterior ethmoidal foramen and the

posterior ethmoidal foramen that is located in the anterior between the frontal and the ethmoid bone and

the posterior between the maxilla and ethmoid. So friends, this has been the entire video,

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