TURISME MASSAL BALI - Ekspedisi Indonesia Biru #16

Summary

The video explores traditional life in Tenganan, Bali, highlighting local customs, including daily responsibilities such as village duties. It delves into the unique cultural practices that attract tourists, particularly the eco-tourism approach led by locals, which preserves the environment and traditions. Through personal stories, the narrative contrasts the challenges of mass tourism in Bali with Tenganan’s sustainable tourism model. The villagers rely on cooperative systems and resist commercialized tourism, valuing cultural preservation over financial gain. The video also touches on environmental concerns, such as coastal reclamation, which threaten both Bali and neighboring Lombok.

Takeaways

• 🧑‍🏫 Putu Wiatnyane has a cultural responsibility to remind others about village tasks, which he performs daily, dressed in traditional attire with a keris (dagger).
• 🏞️ The village of Tenganan Pageringsingan is famous for its traditional weaving, architecture, and cultural tourism, which is a natural part of its ceremonies, not solely for entertainment.
• 🌿 The goal of the village's eco-tourism is to raise awareness among locals about the potential of their resources and to develop tourism in a sustainable and responsible way.
• 🌍 Gede Astana Jaya, a former tourism manager turned eco-tourism activist, criticizes the mass tourism model in Bali, claiming it was based on flawed concepts and led to uncontrollable growth.
• 👫 Gede's wife supports his decision to leave a higher-paying job in mainstream tourism to focus on more sustainable, community-driven eco-tourism, emphasizing the importance of giving back to Bali.
• 🌾 Despite being a popular tourist destination, Tenganan maintains a focus on agriculture and traditional livelihoods, generating significant income from farming, not solely from tourism.
• 💸 Tourists visiting Tenganan make voluntary contributions, which are used for local ceremonies and development. This flexible donation model is an integral part of their community-driven economy.
• 🌳 The village maintains over 917 hectares of land, including 225 hectares of rice fields, which provide significant income and support for both the village and surrounding communities.
• 💼 The cooperative model in Tenganan ensures that all villagers are both investors and workers, fostering a sense of ownership and sustainability in their tourism and economic practices.
• 🌊 There is growing concern over the environmental impact of mass tourism and land reclamation projects, such as the plans for Teluk Benoa, which threaten local communities and ecosystems.

Q & A

What is the role of Putu Wiatnyane in the village?

Putu Wiatnyane is responsible for reminding his fellow villagers about their guard duties, as part of the traditional customs in the village, which he does for 40 days, every afternoon.

Why is the Tenganan Pegeringsingan village known beyond its textile tradition?

The village is not only famous for its Geringsing weaving, but also for its architecture and tourism attractions, which are an integral part of their cultural ceremonies.

How does the village of Tenganan manage tourism differently than other places in Bali?

In Tenganan, tourism is seen as a 'bonus' to the cultural and local economy, with a focus on sustainable eco-tourism that benefits the village without compromising its cultural and ecological integrity.

What motivates Gede Astana Jaya to promote eco-tourism in Tenganan?

Gede Astana Jaya, a former tourism manager, shifted his focus to eco-tourism because he saw the flaws in mass tourism, which led to uncontrolled growth and negative impacts on the local culture and environment.

How does the donation system work for tourists visiting Tenganan?

The village does not charge a fixed fee for visiting tourists. Instead, donations are voluntary, and the money is managed by the village for cultural ceremonies and development.

Why does the village still maintain 917 hectares of land despite tourism development pressures?

Tenganan retains its land, including 225 hectares of rice fields, which generate substantial income, ensuring that the village's economy remains largely independent from tourism revenue.

How do locals like Putu Wiatnyane view tourism in relation to their local economy?

For locals like Putu, tourism is secondary to maintaining their traditional economy and culture. The cooperative system allows the villagers to act as both investors and workers, keeping control of their land and resources.

What is the main criticism of mass tourism in Bali according to the village leaders?

Village leaders criticize mass tourism for its negative impacts, such as land being bought by investors, restricting local access to beaches for ceremonies, and environmental degradation.

What role does the cooperative system play in Tenganan's village economy?

The cooperative system in Tenganan ensures that villagers are both shareholders and employees, allowing them to collectively benefit from the village's eco-tourism while preserving their traditional way of life.

What challenges does Rio, a Lombok native, mention regarding the impact of tourism on his home region?

Rio mentions that plans to extract sand from Lombok for the reclamation project in Bali will harm local fishermen and the environment, leading to protests from his community in Lombok.

Outlines

00:00

🏞️ Tenganan Pegringsingan Village's Cultural Preservation

The script introduces Putu Wiatnyane, an architect by profession, who takes part in a 40-day village watch duty every evening. This duty involves reminding fellow villagers about their tasks and maintaining village traditions. The village, Tenganan Pegringsingan, is renowned for its double ikat weaving, architecture, and tourist attractions. The script highlights the village's unique approach to tourism, which is deeply rooted in local culture and traditions. The villagers, including Putu, are portrayed as guardians of their heritage, with tourism serving as a bonus rather than the primary focus. The narrative also touches on the village's sustainable tourism efforts, led by Gede Astana Jaya, an eco-tourism activist who criticizes the mass tourism model prevalent in Bali.

05:02

🌱 Balancing Economy and Environment in Bali

This paragraph delves into the economic implications of transitioning Bali's tourism industry towards eco-tourism. It discusses the potential decrease in economic size and business scale but emphasizes the importance of considering environmental and societal impacts. The script mentions the concept of voluntary contributions by tourists in Tenganan, which is a departure from fixed tariffs. The villagers' reliance on the land is highlighted, with 225 hectares of the village's 917 hectares still being fertile rice fields, generating a significant income that supports the community. The paragraph also touches on the villagers' perspective on the role of tourism, viewing it as a bonus to their local economy and culture, which is sustained through a cooperative system where villagers are stakeholders in the tourism business.

10:03

🌟 The Cooperative Model of Tenganan's Tourism

The script outlines the cooperative model that Tenganan village employs for its tourism, where every villager is both an investor and an employee. It discusses the village's approach to tourism, which is not primarily profit-driven but focuses on preserving local economy and culture. The villagers see tourism as a means to an end, with the ultimate goal being the continuation of their traditions and way of life. The script also contrasts this model with the mass tourism approach, which has led to issues such as environmental degradation and cultural erosion. The villagers' resistance to this model is evident, as they prefer a sustainable approach that respects their traditions and the environment.

15:03

🌊 The Impact of Tourism Development on Local Communities

This paragraph discusses the negative impacts of tourism development on local communities, using the example of Lombok. It tells the story of Rio, a Lombok native working in the tourism industry in Bali, who is concerned about the plans to reclaim the beach in Tanjung Benoa. The script highlights the potential environmental damage and the displacement of local communities due to such development projects. It also touches on the cultural significance of the beach for the Balinese, who are now unable to perform their traditional ceremonies due to the reclaimed land. The narrative calls for a more considerate approach to tourism development that respects local communities and their environment.

Keywords

💡Ekowisata

Ekowisata refers to a form of sustainable tourism that focuses on environmental conservation and local community involvement. In the script, it represents a movement towards more responsible tourism practices in Tenganan, Bali, which balances tourism with preserving local culture and nature. Gede Astana Jaya, an activist, advocates for this approach to counter the negative impacts of mass tourism.

💡Pariwisata Massal

Mass tourism is a large-scale tourism industry that prioritizes high visitor numbers over environmental and cultural preservation. The script highlights the issues caused by mass tourism in Bali, including environmental degradation and loss of local traditions. Gede Astana Jaya criticizes this model for being unsustainable and harmful to Bali's natural and cultural assets.

💡Tenganan Pegringsingan

Tenganan Pegringsingan is a traditional village in Bali known for its unique culture, architecture, and Geringsing textiles. The village is central to the script's discussion on eco-tourism, as it maintains its customs and practices despite the pressures of tourism. The local economy is driven by community-run tourism and traditional crafts, making it a model for sustainable tourism.

💡Geringsing

Geringsing is a traditional textile made in Tenganan Pegringsingan using a complex double ikat weaving technique. It is highly valued and a key attraction for tourists visiting the village. The textiles symbolize the preservation of cultural heritage, which is integral to Tenganan's eco-tourism model, blending local tradition with visitor interest.

💡Sumbangan Sukarela

Voluntary contributions refer to donations made by tourists visiting Tenganan Pegringsingan, as opposed to fixed entrance fees. This system allows the village to manage its tourism economy without relying heavily on government or private investors, keeping tourism aligned with local values and ensuring that proceeds benefit community projects and cultural events.

💡Koperasi Desa

A village cooperative is an organization owned and operated by the community members to manage local resources and economic activities. In Tenganan, the cooperative allows residents to collectively invest in and benefit from eco-tourism. It ensures that the economic benefits of tourism are distributed among the villagers and supports the sustainability of local traditions.

💡Reklamasi

Reclamation refers to the process of creating new land from oceans or other water bodies. In the script, it is linked to environmental concerns, particularly in Tanjung Benoa, where past reclamation efforts caused erosion and loss of beachfront. The script criticizes these projects for prioritizing short-term economic gains over long-term environmental health.

💡Pewarna Tuak

Tuak dyeing involves the use of natural materials from local plants, like the 'kutat' tree, to produce traditional dyes. The villagers of Tenganan use this dyeing technique in their crafts, such as Geringsing textiles, emphasizing a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to preserving their culture. The process is a key part of their eco-tourism offerings.

💡Pariwisata Desa

Village tourism refers to tourism that is centered around rural or traditional communities, offering visitors an authentic experience of local culture and customs. In the script, Tenganan is an example of successful village tourism, where the focus is not just on entertainment, but on integrating tourism with the local way of life and ensuring that visitors respect the village’s traditions.

💡Kemandirian Ekonomi Lokal

Local economic independence emphasizes a community’s ability to sustain itself without heavy reliance on external entities or mass tourism. Tenganan’s focus on eco-tourism and cooperative management of resources allows the village to maintain its cultural practices and agricultural economy, which generates enough income to support the community without succumbing to the pressures of mass tourism.

Highlights

Putu Wiatnyane, an architecture graduate, has a unique role in his village, Tenganan Pegringsingan, where he performs traditional duties like reminding fellow villagers of their turn to guard the village.

In Tenganan, reminders for duties must be delivered in person, dressed in traditional attire, such as wearing a keris and belt, which attracts tourists.

Tenganan Pegringsingan is known for its renowned Geringsing weaving and for preserving cultural rituals, which also serve as tourist attractions.

Tourism in the village is part of a broader effort to raise awareness among locals about their natural resources, aiming to maximize their sustainable use.

Gede Astana Jaya, an eco-tourism activist, previously worked as a tourism manager but left the industry to pursue a more sustainable approach to tourism in Bali.

Gede criticizes Bali's mass tourism model, which he believes was poorly conceived and grew too quickly, leading to environmental degradation.

Although eco-tourism generates less revenue compared to mass tourism, Gede and his wife are committed to making a difference in Bali’s tourism industry by prioritizing sustainability.

In Tenganan, tourists are not charged a fixed fee, but contribute voluntary donations, which support local rituals and infrastructure development.

The village cooperative model ensures that residents are both shareholders and employees, which has successfully sustained the local economy.

Putu mentions that, despite the steady influx of tourists, the village’s economy is not dependent on tourism, with local farming producing significant income.

Tenganan still preserves 917 hectares of land, including 225 hectares of rice fields, which generate substantial income for the villagers.

Traditional practices and cooperative management have helped the village maintain a balance between tourism and agriculture, preventing land sales to outside investors.

Some villagers, like Nyoman Sadre, are concerned about the negative impact of mass tourism, such as restrictions placed on locals during traditional ceremonies due to private land ownership by foreign investors.

Rio, a boat operator from Lombok, fears that sand mining for a planned reclamation project in Bali will harm his community’s environment and livelihood.

The consequences of Bali's rapid tourism development are visible in places like Tanjung Benoa, where locals have lost access to beaches due to environmental damage from previous reclamation projects.

Transcripts

Putu wiatnyane sedang menjalankan tugas

adat setiap jam . sore selama 40 hari

sarjana arsitektur ini harus berkeliling

Mengingatkan kawan-kawannya untuk tugas

jaga

desa jadi jadi e Panggil namanya dia

saya kas tahu dia dia giliran jaga chef

sore hari ini jadi mulai jam

dia jaga di Bali Agung sana ketika beli

undangan ini tidak boleh disampaikan

melalui alat komunikasi

apapun pemberitahuan tadi itu nak boleh

pakai baju jadi harus saya lengkap pakai

keris pakai keris ini terus pakai ini

pakai sabuk di dalamnya enggak Boh pakai

baju

gu kadang-kadang iniah ee hal-hal

semacam itu

ringan di sini sudah jadi kebiasaan

orang mungkin gak Berpikir itu unik tapi

kalau itu saya ceritakan ke wisatawan

yang datang dengan paket

J Her ada ya seperti

itu tapi aturan yang dianggap tidak

praktis dari kacamata umum inilah yang

justru mendatangkan 46 hingga 52.000

turis setiap

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tahun

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Desa ini disebut Tenganan pegeringsingan

bukan hanya karena tenun geringsing yang

tersohor juga karena arsitektur dan

atraksi wisatanya yang sejatinya adalah

bagian dari upacara adat Bukan semata

untuk

hiburanisnya itu adalah bonus dari apa

yang sudah kita lakukan selama ini

sehingga misi dari

ee Jed maupun program ekowisata itu

sendiri adalah mengenalkan menyadarkan

kepada kami-kami Ini orang-orang lokal

di Tenganan akan potensi sumber daya

yang kita miliki untuk bisa dimanfaatkan

secara lebih maksimal sehingga ee dalam

mengembangkan ekowisata it bentuk aksi

terhadap ataupun respon terhadap

perkembangan pariwisata yang terjadi

selama ini di Tenganan itu pariwisata

desa Tenganan ikut dipromosikan oleh

gede Astana Jaya seorang aktivis

jaringan ekowisata Desa sebelumnya gede

bekerja di industri turisme dengan

posisi terakhir sebagai

manajer namun ia melihat ada yang salah

dengan konsep pariwisata massal di Bali

ketika apa namanya pariwisata itu

mestinya kan di memang dikelola oleh

marauka cuma ya sudah

kadung apa namanya salah ini salah

konsep dari awal salah konsep dan e

terlalu cepat booming dia kan jadinya

susah diatur lagi

kan kalau boleh saya nebak penurunan

pendapatannya sampai

30%. dalam rumah tangga beli Saya kira

gak gak sampai

Kalau waktu itu juga saya sudah kerja

berdua gak terlalu artinya perpindahan

ini tidak bunuh diri Sebenarnya ya Oh

gak gak sama

sekali eh apa yang saya yakini sama

istri itu kan

eh istri saya kan di Travel juga dia

mainnya di mainstream saya di ada Sal

respons

sedikit Cuma ya

E yang di isri saya kerja ini juga Biar

lama-lama juga

masuk artinya nak nak iniakak kepisah di

antara

idealisme istrinya sendiri tak keberatan

suaminya meninggalkan pekerjaan sebagai

profesional dan memilih Jalan sebagai

aktivis pariwisata kok mengizinkan beli

gede sampai 15 tahun di

ekowisata bagian dari pengabdian ya ke

masyarakat Ya tapi kan duitnya Enggak

seberapa Kak eh dibanding gaji kakak

gitu enggak ngitung sih ke sananya ya

kalau udah rezeki kita yang penting

berusaha ya kalau udah ininya ya harus

dapat dapat ya penting pokoknya usaha

kerja gitu

aja karena kan poinnya buat Bali Om tapi

kalau semua industri wisata di kembali

berubah menjadi ekowisata bukannya

secara size ekonomi dan bisnis lebih

kecil sebenarnya karena kan ee dampaknya

kalau yang mestorism kan cuma

makai-makai aja mereka enggak enggak

mikirin efeknya ke lingkungan ke

masyarakat Seperti apa poinnya cuma

mengeruk keuntungan gitu kan dari sisi

dari sisi ituah Sebenarnya saya juga

ngizinin suami saya setidaknya berbuat

sesuatu untuk Bali ya bukan hanya ini

aja Apa memang sih uang Ee kita butuh

uang

ee apa namanya uang penting gitu apa

Ee kita perlu uang tapi kan enggak

melulu hanya tentang uang

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ya udah ada Kun ini pasan laap cepat

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ya

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belakang tamu Korea ini ingin lihat apa

misalnya kalau yang ini dia lebih ee

pengin anaknya berinteraksi dengan

anak-anak yang ada di kampung si orang

tua ini pengin

ngelihat anak-anak di desa itu kayak apa

E apa biasanya mainannya gitu kan mereka

datang dari negara maju mungkin

anak-anaknya cenderung di mainnya di IT

kan gitu Dia

pengin e anak-anak di sini kayak apa

gitu

di desa Tenganan turis tidak dipungut

biaya dengan tarif tertentu sumbangannya

bersifat sukarela di sini konsepnya eh

sumbangan sukarela bukan ada tarifnya

karena Intinya kalau tarif itu kan

dikelola oleh

pemah kalau sumbangan sampai sekarang

itu masih dikelola oleh desa masalahnya

begini kalau ini kan bukan seperti kebun

binatang dan sebagainya kalau ini

sumbangan itu sukarela mereka artinya

tidak e dijamin apa yang menjadi

kehendak tamu datang ke sini itu akan

mereka temukan atau lihat di sini nah

itu itu Kenapa ee sampai sekarang

sifatnya masih sumbangan dan memang ee

uangnya ini masuk ke desa ini sebenarnya

berapa kali sudah diminta oleh kendan

tapi belum dikasih sama Desa belum

dikasih itu pemerintah Merasa punya

sumbangan apa Kepada Desa ini Nah itu

Masalahnya nah untuk parkir memang

pemerintah yang mengola masuk retribusi

I kalau ini sampai sekarang itu belum di

musim kunjungan antara Mei hingga

Agustus kas desa Tenganan terisi hingga

R2 juta per hari Namun di bulan-bulan

sepi seperti Maret ini rata-rata sehari

hanya mendapat

Rp500.000 sumbangan dari para turis

digunakan untuk upacara adat dan

pembangunan

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desa

pernah ada engak tamu-tamu yang enggak

nyumbang banyak hari ini

juga nah itu itu resikonya itu nyumbang

Rp1.000 500 k udah ah biasa itu bahkan

ada yang satu orang 100 juga juga sering

tapi bagi warga sini sama saja ya baik

yang banyak atau yang sedikit I Iya

masalahnya bagi kita kita yang kerja di

sini kita kan dapatentase Oke harapannya

selalu

oke itu namanya namanya manusia tapi

tetap posisi kita karena ini sumbangan

kita gak bisa itu itu tergantung dari

mereka kita cuma bisa berharap

aja lalu Mengapa desa yang didatangi

banyak turis ini justru tidak tampak

menggantungkan perekonomiannya dari

pariwisata domplong menunjukkan

rahasianyajukin ini pohon kutat namanya

kutat kutat kalau bahasa Balinya kutat

kalau bahasaones kita gak tahu oke nah

ini diambil kulitnya oleh petani untuk

pewarna e tuak menariknya kalau ini

semakin diambil kulitnya

e tumbuhnya akan semakin cepat ya alasan

lain karena Desa ini masih

mempertahankan 917 hektar tanahnya di

saat banyak desa lain melepas satu

persatu tanahnya untuk fasilitas

pariwisata dari 917 hektar tanah itu 225

hekt diantaranya masih jupa sawah yang

hasil panen setiap tahunnya mencapai

Rp10 miliar yang sanggup menghidupi 630

jiwa warga desa adat dan sekitar 4.100

warga di

sekitarnya tak heran bila Putu yatnyane

menyebut pariwisata hanya sebagai bonus

dari dipertahankannya ekonomi lokal dan

kebudayaan mereka dengan sistem koperasi

warga adalah pemegang saham desa wisata

ini ya itu jadi kita semua investor dan

kita semua karyawan Jadi sederhananya

mungkin begitu ya ya sederhana sih Kalau

kami bekerja itu Apakah sebenarnya

pariwisata Bali ini mestinya arahnya

dengan model bisnis seperti ini ya Ee

saya pikir semangatnya harus seperti ini

mungkin modelnya dalam skala yang besar

kan menyesuaikan karena tentu saja ee

cukup realistis kalau ee ee menerima

kunjungan itu kan cukup Kompleks apa

yang harus dipikirkan kalau dalam skala

Desa saya pikir ini cukup ee ini ya ee

paslah untuk

dilakukan dibandingkan dari hasil turis

umum hasil dari koperasi yang merupakan

bagian dari jaringan ekowisata Desa

tentu tidak seberapa tujuan kami kan

tetap dari awal bahwa ekonomi ataupun ee

angka rupiah itu tidak selalu menjadi

tujuan utama tapi misinya kan ini

menyadarkan masyarakat bahwa kamu itu

harus ee di depan kita itu harus ambil

peran ini karena ada misi

untuk apa namanya menceritakan Tenganan

yang sebenarnya itu seperti ini gitu ya

Oke Berapa Berapa orang yang bisa

memainkan ini Pak Pan di sini kalau

sekarang masih satu

orang jadi enggak ada barang sisa Pak ya

harus dipakai semua dari satu pohon

dipotong jadi kaki dan cabang-cabangnya

pakai alas dan sisanya nanti dipak di

sini

idarannya Nanti belum

selesai jadi bahkan bagian terkecilnya

digunakan untuk pasak ini

ya

tokoh desa Tenganan seperti Nyoman sadre

juga merasakan ada yang salah dengan

konsep pariwisata massal yang terlanjur

terjadi di Bali mengundang investor itu

ada baik ada

buruknya dan ternyata sekarang itu

investor itu sudah seperti

penjajah bahkan kalau kita lihat

dampaknya di sini hotel atau Va

orang-orang asing yang punya banyak

sekali kudi kalau itu di pantai

kadang-kadang orang Bali mau berupacara

di pantai tidak boleh lewat

pantai Iya kini menekuni pengobatan

akupuntur yang juga tidak mematok biaya

tertentu kepada

pasiennya prinsip-prinsip ekonomi di

Tenganan barangkali tak populer di

tengah industri wisata Indonesia yang

hendak digenjot mencapai 20 juta turis

asing pada

2019i seperti kepada operator kapal

wisata bernama Rio ini tapi sebagai

warga Lombok yang mencari nafkah di

sekitar Teluk Benoa Rio merasa akan

menjadi korban kedua kalinya dari

rencana

reklamasi sebab 25 juta m³ik pasir untuk

menguruk Teluk ini Rencananya akan

didatangkan dari kampung halamannya di

Lombok Timur apalagi di Lombok sekarang

ceritanya mau diambil pasirnya tapi

wakil gubernur enggak mau pem masyarakat

di sana dia mau besar-besaran gak Bos

leh Lombok Timur ya Pak ya Lombok Timur

ya asli jug saya Lombok Timur Pak di

sana kena Adik di sana sudah nelepon Oh

bilang jangan bodoh Dek demo dah sama

teman-teman di sana Iya Kak dalamang itu

pasir apa yang sebelah mana yang diambil

ee yang di dekat ni Kang Di lombat Timur

kan ada di Tanjung luar nihi di Tanjung

Ringgit nih kan lagi sepi NII itu yang

diambil pasir pantai atau laut pantai

pantai laut ya sama nih Di sana ada

orangnya atau bagaimana ada tapi kan

semua mati nilayan di sana juga kalau

pasiennya diambil karnya mati juga Pak

kan sama artinya apa namanya membunuh

masyarakat nih ya semogalah di sana juga

pemerintah di Lombok saya juga Asli

Lombok Pak supaya Janganlah dikasih di

sana dicekalah dalam istilahnya ni

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k

upacara Melasti menjelang Nyepi tengah

berlangsung di Tanjung Benoa ribuan

warga akan segera melarung sesaji atau

persembahan untuk yang

mahasa namun di Ujung Tanjung Benoa ini

mereka tak lagi memiliki pantai karena

abrasi akibat reklamasi Pulau Serangan

tahun 1994

silam dan yang tersisa hanya

tanggul-tanggul batu tempat upacara

dilaksanakan

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