20 creaciones de Leonardo da Vinci

Summary

This video script offers a fascinating exploration of Leonardo da Vinci's diverse genius, showcasing 20 of his remarkable creations that span art, science, and engineering. From the iconic 'Mona Lisa' and 'Vitruvian Man' to his visionary aerial screw and anatomical studies, da Vinci's inventive mind is celebrated. The script delves into his designs for war machines, a perfect city, and even a submarine suit, revealing da Vinci's profound influence on various fields. It also highlights his contributions to anatomy and mechanical engineering, emphasizing his role in shaping the Renaissance and beyond.

Takeaways

• 🎨 Leonardo da Vinci was a universal genius known for his artistic and scientific achievements.
• 📐 The Vitruvian Man is a study of ideal human proportions with annotations on anatomy, showcasing da Vinci's interest in classical forms and the Renaissance worldview.
• 🖼️ The Mona Lisa is perhaps the most recognized painting by da Vinci, known for its use of sfumato technique to create depth and an enigmatic smile.
• 🚁 Da Vinci was a visionary who designed an aerial screw, a precursor to the helicopter, aiming to 'screw' the air for flight.
• 🍴 The Last Supper is a famous mural by da Vinci, depicting the moment Jesus announces his betrayal, noted for its dramatic reactions and dynamic composition.
• 🛡️ Da Vinci designed deadly war machines, such as chariots with scythes, intended to inflict fatal wounds on enemies.
• 🚗 He conceptualized an early automobile design in 1480, based on a spiral spring propulsion system.
• 🔍 His anatomical studies contributed significantly to the field of scientific anatomy, providing detailed drawings and descriptions of the human and animal body.
• 🚢 Da Vinci designed innovative naval engineering solutions, including a rotating paddle boat powered by a pedal system.
• 🪂 He was one of the first to suggest the use of a parachute, designing a pyramid-shaped model to ensure a safe, slower descent.
• ⚙️ Da Vinci perfected the use of mechanical systems with gears, leaving behind schematics and drawings of many gears still in use today.

Q & A

What is the significance of the Vitruvian Man in Leonardo da Vinci's work?

The Vitruvian Man is a study of the ideal human body proportions, featuring a drawing with annotations on anatomy. It represents the human figure within a circle and a square, with notes written in mirror script. The proportions are based on the work of the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius, reflecting da Vinci's interest in harmony, classical forms, and the human-centered worldview of the Renaissance.

What technique did Leonardo da Vinci use in his painting of the Mona Lisa?

Leonardo da Vinci used the technique known as sfumato in the Mona Lisa. This method gives a sense of depth and volume by applying multiple thin and delicate layers of paint to achieve indistinct contours with blurred and smudged lines.

What is the controversy surrounding the identity of the figure in the Mona Lisa?

There is controversy regarding the identity of the enigmatic smile in the Mona Lisa. The most widely accepted hypothesis is that the figure is Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco Bartolomeo or Giocondo.

How does the design of Leonardo da Vinci's aerial screw relate to the concept of flight?

Leonardo da Vinci's aerial screw was a precursor to the helicopter. The design was meant to 'screw' the air and lift off if rotated at the necessary speed. The flying structure consisted of wires defining a helical profile with a linen cover over wooden frames, essentially functioning as a rapidly spinning screw.

What is the significance of Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper in terms of artistic expression and historical context?

The Last Supper is a renowned mural by Leonardo da Vinci that depicts one of the last moments of Jesus. It is famous for its dramatic reactions and dynamic composition. The painting is located in Milan's Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie and is in a very precarious state of conservation.

What were the functions of the war machines designed by Leonardo da Vinci, such as his chariots with scythes?

Leonardo da Vinci designed deadly war machines, including chariots with scythes, intended for use in battles. The scythes, mounted on horse-drawn carts, could amputate limbs and inflict fatal wounds. The ferocious movement of this terrifying apparatus could even penetrate the armor of enemy soldiers.

What is the significance of the Virgin of the Rocks paintings by Leonardo da Vinci?

The Virgin of the Rocks are two paintings by Leonardo da Vinci that feature the same pictorial technique. They depict the Virgin Mary with the infant Jesus and the infant John the Baptist. The characters form a simple pyramidal structure over an innovative rocky landscape, with Leonardo employing the sfumato technique to create a mysterious and truly evocative atmosphere.

What was the concept behind Leonardo da Vinci's design for an automobile?

Leonardo da Vinci's design for an automobile was a precursor to modern vehicles, designed around 1480. It was a mechanical device with a propulsion system based on spiral springs placed under gears. The wheels were paired and transmitted energy to the rest of the machine, showcasing da Vinci's advanced thinking and ingenuity.

What was the purpose of Leonardo da Vinci's design for a combat chariot?

Leonardo da Vinci sketched an impressive combat chariot covered and equipped with cannons. The idea of a protected and armed chariot was classical in origin and known during the Middle Ages. Leonardo materialized a model with a movement system and a row of cannons arranged in a circle, allowing for no escape from the vehicle's fire.

What were the key features of Leonardo da Vinci's design for an ideal city after the plague in Milan?

After the plague in Milan, Leonardo da Vinci designed an ideal city with planned zones and water channels. The theoretical city was designed according to functional criteria and following the balance of proportions of the ideal city, a topic of interest during the Renaissance.

What was the concept behind Leonardo da Vinci's design for a submarine suit?

Leonardo da Vinci designed a diving suit made of leather connected to an air tube made of reed, which in turn was connected to a bell floating on the surface. He considered all details in the design, including a bag for urination during exploration.

What was the purpose of Leonardo da Vinci's design for a paddle boat?

Leonardo da Vinci designed a paddle boat with a novel propulsion system. The device featured rotating paddles powered by a mechanical pedal system, intended for use in boats navigating rivers and canals.

What was the design of Leonardo da Vinci's parachute?

Leonardo da Vinci designed a parachute with a pyramidal shape, intended to allow for a safe fall at a slower speed achieved through air resistance. His design was one of the first to suggest the use of a device similar to what we now call a parachute.

What were the key components of Leonardo da Vinci's flying machine design?

Leonardo da Vinci's flying machine was designed to mimic natural flight. The mechanisms of the device were powered by the force and movements of the pilot, who was placed in a horizontal position.

What was the function of Leonardo da Vinci's odometer?

Leonardo da Vinci's odometer was a mechanical tool designed to measure distances. It had a vertical wheel that transmitted movement to a central wheel, which had holes for small balls to enter. When a wheel rotation was completed, a ball would fall into a container, measuring the terrain by counting the balls inside.

What was the design and purpose of Leonardo da Vinci's multiple barrel cannon?

Leonardo da Vinci's multiple barrel cannon was a circular structure with cannon mouths placed on a platform. It was a formidable war machine with internal mechanisms allowing for maneuverability on water. The cannons were protected by a cover, and the machine resembled a combat chariot.

What was the concept behind Leonardo da Vinci's rotating bridge design?

Leonardo da Vinci's rotating bridge was fixed on one riverbank on a vertical pivot, allowing it to rotate. The movement was achieved through a system of ropes, pulleys, and rollers. The purpose was to move the bridge to allow for boat navigation and to isolate one riverbank in a wartime situation.

How did Leonardo da Vinci contribute to the field of anatomy?

Leonardo da Vinci contributed to the development of scientific anatomy with his detailed drawings, investigations, and descriptions of the human and animal body. His work provided the first graphical representations of many elements of anatomy, with his drawings being invaluable in both scientific and artistic respects.

What was Leonardo da Vinci's contribution to the development of mechanical gears?

While Leonardo da Vinci was not the inventor of gears, he extensively used and perfected mechanical systems that employed toothed wheels. He documented many of the gear systems that are still in use today, leaving a lasting impact on the history of these mechanisms.

Outlines

00:00

🎨 The Artistic and Scientific Achievements of Leonardo da Vinci

This paragraph introduces Leonardo da Vinci as a universal genius, highlighting his renowned status for both his artistic and scientific achievements. It mentions 20 creations that will surprise the audience, many of which they might not be familiar with. The paragraph provides a brief overview of some of his most famous works, such as the Vitruvian Man, which is a study of ideal human proportions with annotations on anatomy, and the Mona Lisa, painted using the sfumato technique to give a sense of depth and volume. It also touches on his inventive designs like the aerial screw, a precursor to the helicopter, and his famous Last Supper mural, which is subject to much speculation and interpretation.

05:03

🛠 Leonardo da Vinci's Ingenious Inventions and War Machines

The second paragraph delves into da Vinci's inventive mind, showcasing his designs for various machines and war contraptions. It describes his designs for chariots with flails, intended for use in battles to inflict fatal wounds on enemies. The paragraph also discusses his two versions of 'The Virgin of the Rocks,' a painting that uses the sfumato technique to create a mysterious atmosphere. Additionally, it mentions da Vinci's concept of an ideal city after the plague in Milan, emphasizing his role as an urban planner and architect. His designs for a combat vehicle equipped with a series of cannons and a wheeled system for movement are also highlighted, along with his ideas for a multi-barreled bombard and a turnable bridge, demonstrating his forward-thinking approach to warfare and engineering.

10:04

🚀 Leonardo da Vinci's Visionary Designs and Contributions to Anatomy

The final paragraph focuses on da Vinci's visionary designs, including his concept for an automobile, which was a machine for theatrical use rather than modern transportation. It also covers his anatomical studies, which were significant contributions to the field of scientific anatomy. His detailed drawings and descriptions of the human and animal body are highlighted, emphasizing their value in both scientific and artistic realms. Furthermore, the paragraph mentions his designs for a submarine suit, a boat with a paddle-wheel propulsion system, a parachute, a flying machine inspired by the flight of birds, and an odometer for measuring distances. It concludes with his improvements to mechanical systems using gears, which are still in use today, and a call to action for viewers to subscribe to the channel for more content.

Keywords

💡Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci was a polymath of the Renaissance, renowned for his artistic and scientific achievements. The video script highlights his universal genius and introduces various creations that exemplify his innovative spirit. His name is central to the video's theme, as it explores his diverse contributions to art, science, and technology.

💡Vitruvian Man

The Vitruvian Man is a drawing by Leonardo da Vinci which represents the ideal human proportions. It is based on the work of the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius and is an iconic symbol of the Renaissance's focus on harmony and classical forms. In the script, it is mentioned as a study with annotations on anatomy, showcasing Leonardo's interest in the human body as the center of the world, a common Renaissance perspective.

💡Sfumato

Sfumato is a painting technique used by Leonardo da Vinci to create a sense of depth and volume by applying multiple thin and delicate layers of paint, resulting in blurred contours. The script refers to this technique in the context of the Mona Lisa, where it is used to give the painting its characteristic soft focus and enigmatic quality.

💡Aerial Screw (Helicopter)

The aerial screw, or helicopter, is one of Leonardo da Vinci's visionary designs for flight. The script describes it as a precursor to the modern helicopter, with a design that aimed to 'screw' the air and lift off. This concept demonstrates Leonardo's forward-thinking and his attempts to make human flight a reality.

💡The Last Supper

The Last Supper is a famous mural painted by Leonardo da Vinci, depicting one of the last moments of Jesus with his disciples before his betrayal. The script discusses the painting's dramatic composition and the precarious state of its conservation in the Santa Maria delle Grazie convent in Milan. It represents a significant achievement in Renaissance art and a pinnacle of da Vinci's career.

💡War Machines

Leonardo da Vinci designed various war machines, including chariots with scythes, as mentioned in the script. These machines were intended for use in battles, showcasing the Renaissance's interest in both knowledge and warfare. The script highlights the lethal nature of these designs, which could inflict fatal wounds and even penetrate armor.

💡Virgin of the Rocks

The Virgin of the Rocks is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci that features the Virgin Mary with the infant Jesus and John the Baptist. The script notes that Leonardo painted two versions of this scene, both using the sfumato technique to create a mysterious and atmospheric effect. The painting is an example of Leonardo's ability to capture delicate scenes with a sense of depth and emotion.

💡Automobile

Leonardo da Vinci's sketch of an automobile, dating back to around 1480, is mentioned in the script. Although it was not a functional vehicle like those of today, it was a machine designed for experimental use. This design is another testament to Leonardo's visionary thinking and his attempts to innovate transportation.

💡Combat Vehicle

Leonardo da Vinci also conceptualized a formidable combat vehicle, described as a covered and cannon-equipped chariot. The script explains that this design was based on classical ideas and medieval knowledge, with Leonardo adding his own twist by incorporating a system of movement and a circular arrangement of cannons, making it a formidable weapon on the battlefield.

💡Ideal City

Following the plague in Milan, Leonardo da Vinci envisioned a 'perfect city' through his sketches, combining his skills as an architect and urban planner. The script describes this theoretical city as one designed with functional criteria and balanced proportions, reflecting the Renaissance interest in ideal city planning that had roots in antiquity and continued to evolve.

💡Anatomy Studies

Leonardo da Vinci's detailed drawings, investigations, and descriptions of the human body contributed significantly to the development of scientific anatomy. While not an invention, his anatomical studies are highlighted in the script for their importance in both scientific understanding and artistic representation. His work provided the first graphical representations of many elements of human and animal anatomy, emphasizing his profound impact on the field.

💡Gear Mechanisms

While Leonardo da Vinci was not the inventor of gears, he extensively used and perfected mechanical systems that incorporated them. The script mentions that he left behind schematics and drawings of many of the gear mechanisms that are still in use today. His work with gears is integral to the history of mechanical engineering and showcases his ability to innovate and improve upon existing technologies.

Highlights

Leonardo da Vinci's 'Vitruvian Man' is a study of ideal human body proportions with annotations on anatomy.

The 'Mona Lisa' is arguably the most recognized artwork by da Vinci, utilizing the sfumato technique for depth and volume.

Da Vinci's aerial screw, a precursor to the helicopter, was designed to 'screw' the air and lift off.

The 'Last Supper' is a renowned mural with a dramatic depiction of Jesus announcing his betrayal.

Leonardo designed deadly war machines, such as chariots with scythes, intended for use in battles.

The 'Virgin of the Rocks' features a delicate scene with the Virgin Mary, Jesus, and John the Baptist, using the sfumato technique.

Da Vinci's sketch of an automobile system from around 1480 was a mechanical vehicle with spiral springs.

His design for a combat chariot included a covered and cannon-equipped vehicle with a system of movement by gears.

After the plague in Milan, da Vinci envisioned a 'perfect city' with planned zones and water channels.

Leonardo conceptualized a multi-barreled machine gun, with coordinated firing capabilities.

He designed a diving suit made of leather connected to an air tube for underwater exploration.

Da Vinci's paddle boat design featured rotating paddles powered by a pedal system.

He suggested the use of a pyramid-shaped parachute, one of the first of its kind.

Leonardo's flying machine was designed to mimic natural flight with the pilot controlling the mechanisms.

Da Vinci's odometer was a mechanical device for measuring distances, with a wheel and counting system.

The multiple bombard, a circular structure with multiple cannon mouths, was another formidable weapon design.

Leonardo's anatomical studies contributed significantly to the development of scientific anatomy.

Da Vinci extensively used and perfected the use of gears in mechanical systems, leaving behind schematics and drawings.

Transcripts

leonardo da vinci fue un genio universal

eso lo sabemos todos tan célebre es el

personaje como sus inventos y logros

artísticos y científicos a continuación

te presento 20 creaciones de leonardo

que seguro que te sorprenderán

y que muchas de ellas probablemente no

conocías

[Música]

y el hombre de vitruvio el hombre de

vitruvio es un estudio de las

proporciones ideales del cuerpo humano

se trata de un dibujo con anotaciones

sobre anatomía en el que se representa

la figura del cuerpo humano sobre una

circunferencia y sobre un cuadrado las

notas están en escritura especular

método que davín se usaba frecuentemente

y que consiste simplemente en escribir

de manera invertida como si las palabras

estuviesen vistas por un espejo las

proporciones del hombre de vitruvio

están basadas en la obra del arquitecto

y tratadista de la antigua roma vitruvio

otro genio de ahí toma el nombre este

fascinante diseño representa el retorno

a la armonía y a las formas clásicas

ideales y el interés por el hombre como

centro del mundo propio de la

cosmovisión del renacimiento

la mona lisa' posiblemente esta

deslumbrante pintura sea la obra más

reconocida de da vinci probablemente

también sea una de las más famosas de

toda la historia del arte la monalisa o

la gioconda fue pintada por leonardo

usando con maestría la técnica conocida

como el sfumato este método da una

sensación de profundidad y volumen

mediante la aplicación de varias capas

finas y delicadas de pintura para

conseguir unos contornos imprecisos con

líneas desdibujadas y difuminadas como

seguramente sabes existe controversia en

torno a la identidad de la figura de

enigmática sonrisa representada en el

cuadro sin embargo la hipótesis más

aceptada es que se trata de lisa

gherardini la esposa de francesco

bartolomé o de giocondo y además sabías

que mona quiere decir señora en italiano

antiguo

y tornillo aéreo leonardo fue un

visionario y un precursor en darle forma

real a los anhelos del ser humano uno de

los propósitos que se marcó fue nada más

y nada menos que volar uno de sus

diseños voladores más originales y que

más me entusiasma es su famoso tornillo

aéreo esta máquina precursora del

helicóptero debía volar si se sometía a

la rotación necesaria pues la forma de

hélice pretendía atornillar el aire y

elevarse la estructura voladora se

compone de alambres que definen el

perfil helicoidal con una cubierta de

tela de lino sobre unos radios de madera

en definitiva no sería más que un

tornillo girando rápidamente 4 la última

cena' otra pintura de da vinci

especialmente célebre es la

representación de la última cena se

trata de un mural realizado al temple y

óleo sobre dos capas de yeso sobra decir

que esta admirable obra ha sido objeto

de todo tipo de especulaciones e

interpretaciones la última cena se

encuentra en milán en el convento santa

maría delle grazie en un estado de

conservación muy precario lo que se

representa es uno de los últimos

momentos

jesús da vinci expresa con asombrosa

destreza el instante en el que el

maestro avisa de que uno de sus

discípulos lo va a traicionar el

dramatismo de las reacciones y el

dinamismo de la composición de la

estructura son insuperables la gran fama

de esta obra al igual que le ocurre a la

monalisa ha despertado el interés de

muchísimos investigadores cinco carros

con guadañas da vinci también diseñó

mortíferas máquinas de guerra un buen

ejemplo son los modelos de carros con

guadañas destinados al ser empleados en

batallas las letales cuchillas

instaladas en unos carros arrastrados

por caballos podrían amputar miembros de

personas y causar heridas fatales además

el furioso movimiento de la aterradora

artilugio podría atravesar incluso la

coraza de los soldados enemigos que

sufrirían el castigo de las

exterminadoras guadañas en el

renacimiento no sólo se interesaron por

el conocimiento y el arte como hemos

visto sino también en la guerra pues

estamos en un momento político con un

tablero de juego tremendamente inestable

si la virgen de las rocas otro cuadro

bueno no en realidad son 2 leonardo

pintó dos tablas con la misma técnica

pictórica y a estas tablas se las dio el

nombre de la virgen de las rocas uno de

ellos se conserva en el museo de luz y

otro en la national gallery en la

bellísima y delicada escena aparece

representada la virgen en el centro con

el niño jesús y san juan bautista

también de niño los personajes forman

una simple estructura piramidal sobre un

innovador paisaje de rocas en el cuadro

de luz

leonardo empleó de nuevo la técnica del

sfumato difuminando los contornos y

generando una atmósfera misteriosa

verdaderamente sugestiva cualquiera que

tenga la oportunidad de ponerse delante

de esta obra de esta portentosa obra de

casi dos metros de altura tendrá una

impresión directa de la formidable

habilidad del genio italiano

7 automóvil si así es leonardo da vinci

ya presentó un interesantísimo esbozo de

un sistema automóvil aproximadamente en

el año 1480 no tenía la función de los

vehículos actuales sino que era una

máquina destinada al uso ex técnico este

lúcido diseño de leonardo da vinci es

una muestra más de una mente adelantada

a su tiempo este excepcional proyecto se

basa en la propulsión por muelles se

colocan dos muelles en espiral debajo de

unas ruedas dentadas en disposición

horizontal estas ruedas se encuentran

emparejadas y transmiten la energía al

resto de mecanismos de la máquina

leonardo puso todo su ingenio para

confeccionar un elegante sistema de

propulsión por muelles posee la virgen

el niño jesús y santana otra de sus

pinturas al óleo que han pasado la

historia es la que representa a la

virgen al niño jesús y a santana en la

escena aparece el niño jesús' abrazando

un cordero mientras la virgen maría

intenta sujetarlo detrás de ellos se

encuentra santana que es la madre de la

virgen se aprecia de nuevo el efecto del

sfumato tan característico de leonardo y

triste

el color se ha aplanado por el deterioro

pero bueno contemplar esta obra sigue

siendo un verdadero espectáculo como en

la virgen de las rocas la escena

religiosa se encuentra en un cautivador

paisaje rocoso atemporal que se va

difuminando a lo lejos en un encantador

ambiente azulado

9 carro de combate leonardo da vinci

esbozó un imponente carro de combate

cubierto y equipado con cañones la idea

de un carro protegido y armado es de

origen clásico y era una idea conocida

en la edad media sin embargo leonardo

materializó un modelo con un sistema de

movimiento y una hilera de cañones

dispuestos en circunferencia de este

modo no había escapatoria posible de los

disparos de este vehículo aniquilador el

movimiento era accionado por un

ingenioso sistema de manivela si ruedas

dentadas este tanque pretendía ser un

carro invulnerable pero su eficacia real

en los campos de batalla es dudosa ya

que la fuerza para moverlo debía ser muy

grande y sólo funcionaría en un terreno

liso diego ciudad perfecta tras la

tragedia que arrasó la ciudad de milán

con la enfermedad de la peste leonardo

davinci se propuso diseñar a través de

bocetos la ciudad perfecta explotando su

faceta de arquitecto urbanista el

científico renacentista plantea una

ciudad repleta de zonas planeadas y

canalizaciones de agua la ciudad teórica

estaba diseñada conforme a criterios

funcionales y siguiendo el equilibrio de

las proporciones

de la ciudad ideal fue un tema de

interés en el renacimiento a pesar de

que esta preocupación ya existía desde

la antigüedad y que se desarrolló en

momentos posteriores

con ametralladora da vinci ideó

distintos proyectos de ametralladora

disponiendo varios cañones conjuntamente

en una sola estructura móvil los

enemigos no tenían nada que hacer contra

el ingenio de da vinci cada boca podría

efectuar su disparo de forma coordinada

a las otras de modo que la potencia

aumentaba considerablemente la

complicación llegaría en el momento de

la recarga de los proyectiles pues

llevaría mucho tiempo uno de los letales

proyectos de ametralladora tiene los

cañones en forma de abanico

escafandra subacuática una de las

obsesiones más conocidas del inventor

era el mar la posibilidad de explorarlo

de forma cercana le condujo a idear

diversos inventos para facilitar la

tarea leonardo da vinci diseñó un traje

de buzo realizado en cuero que se

conectaba a una manga de aire fabricada

en caña a su vez esta se conectaba a una

campana que flotaba en la superficie el

científico tuvo en cuenta todos los

detalles y diseño

incluso una bolsa para poder orinar

durante la exploración

el barco de palas da vinci diseñó

embarcaciones basadas en novedosos y

verdaderamente ocurrentes sistemas de

propulsión la originalidad de leonardo

dio especiales muestras de magnificencia

en el campo náutico recibió muchos

encargos en el ámbito de la ingeniería

hidráulica por las necesidades bélicas y

por la actividad comercial un diseño

llamativo es un dispositivo de palas

giratorias movido por un sistema

mecánico de propulsión a pedales

destinado a usarse en embarcaciones que

navegan por ríos y canales

leonardo aportó mejoras en los

mecanismos de movimiento de otros

ingenios anteriores aproximándose a la

problemática desde una perspectiva nueva

14 paracaídas con algún antecedente en

la historia da vinci fue uno de los

primeros en sugerir el uso de un

artefacto que actualmente llamaríamos

paracaídas diseñó un modelo que permitía

una caída segura en una velocidad

inferior conseguida mediante la

resistencia contra el aire

actualmente el paracaídas tiene formas

redondas y rectangulares pero el diseño

de da vinci tiene una forma piramidal en

los ingenios relacionados con el aire

leonardo tuvo que aplicar sus estudios

relativos al comportamiento de los pesos

y las proporciones del cuerpo humano 15

máquina voladora da vinci se tomó en

serio el trabajo de desarrollar de una

forma científica el vuelo sin duda la

figura del mítico dédalo influyó en los

ingenieros italianos además del

mencionado tornillo aéreo diseñó a las

mecánicas y estudió la forma de animales

voladores como pájaros o libélulas su

intención era analizar el vuelo natural

para imitar lo potenciando sus

características uno de sus proyectos más

interesantes es la máquina voladora los

mecanismos del artilugio se ponen en

marcha por la fuerza y los movimientos

del piloto colocado en posición

horizontal

16 odómetro un odómetro es una

herramienta mecánica cuya función es

medir distancias el odómetro de da vinci

tiene la forma de un carro arrastrado

por un operario para realizar la

medición sobre el terreno de manera

directa este aparato es un maravilloso

despliegue de ingenio el aparato tenía

una rueda vertical que transmitía el

movimiento a la gran rueda central esta

pieza tenía orificios por los que

entraban unas bolitas cuando se

completaba un giro de la rueda la bolita

caía por un agujero subyacente que la

dirigía hacia un recipiente entonces de

este modo se medía el terreno contando

las bolitas contenidas en el interior

del recipiente sencillo y elegante 17

bombarda múltiple la bombarda múltiple

es una estructura de forma circular en

la que se colocan bocas de cañón sobre

una plataforma se trata de otra

formidable máquina bélica de gran

potencia la bombarda tiene unos

mecanismos internos que permiten la

maniobrabilidad del conjunto del aparato

sobre el agua los cañones se

encontrarían sobre los bastidores y la

máquina estaría protegida por una

cubierta

tiene una apariencia similar al carro de

combate se ha discutido si su ubicación

correcta es la de estar encima de una

torre

y el puente giratorio entre los bocetos

de leonardo encontramos un impresionante

puente giratorio el puente se encuentra

fijado en una de las riberas de un río

sobre un perno vertical que permite el

giro el movimiento se efectúa mediante

un sistema de cuerdas cabrestantes y

rodillos el propósito no es otro más que

el de mover el puente para permitir la

navegación de los barcos y para poder

aislar una de las orillas en una

situación bélica

19 estudios anatómicos da vinci

contribuyó al desarrollo de la anatomía

científica con sus detallados dibujos

investigaciones y descripciones del

cuerpo humano a pesar de no ser un

invento una creación como tal

es importante destacar sus trabajos

anatómicos entre sus contribuciones más

importantes a leonardo le debemos las

primeras representaciones gráficas de

muchos elementos de la anatomía humana y

animal el valor de sus dibujos es

descomunal tanto en lo científico como

en lo artístico

beijing engranajes de igual manera que

en el punto anterior da vinci no fue el

inventor de los engranajes de hecho se

desconoce el momento exacto en el que

los engranajes fueron utilizados por

primera vez los mecanismos que

transmiten la potencia mecánica han

existido desde tiempos muy antiguos no

obstante da vinci utilizó ampliamente y

perfeccionó los sistemas mecánicos que

hacían uso de las ruedas dentadas el

inventor dejó por escrito los esquemas y

dibujos de muchos de los engranajes que

se siguen empleando en la actualidad la

figura de da vinci es inseparable en la

historia de estos mecanismos bien espero

que te haya gustado este homenaje que

hemos hecho al genio de leonardo y no

olvides suscribirte al canal de academia

play muchas gracias y hasta la próxima

aquí

[Música]