Birokrasi Pemerintahan di Indonesia

Edfa Missykah Saputrii

20 Mar 202013:20

Summary

TLDRThis video explains the bureaucracy in Indonesia, covering its definitions, characteristics, and roles. It describes bureaucracy as a structured, hierarchical administrative system run by skilled officials. Key concepts include the two classifications of bureaucracy—administrative processes and static functions. It also explores the characteristics according to Max Weber, the roles of bureaucracy in public service, and the types of bureaucracies in Indonesia. The video discusses empirical experiences, weaknesses, and the need for reform to achieve good governance, emphasizing efficiency, accountability, and improved government performance.

Takeaways

📜 Bureaucracy is derived from two words and refers to officials appointed by the government to run its administration.
🏛️ Bureaucracy in Indonesia is a structured administrative system with clear hierarchies and written rules.
⚖️ Bureaucracy serves two main roles: administrative processes and as a static structure in governance.
🌍 Modern states, like Indonesia, require modern bureaucracies to implement political decisions and policies effectively.
🎯 Bureaucracy aims to support government goals, deliver services, and manage public programs with professionalism and neutrality.
📚 Max Weber identified key characteristics of bureaucracy, such as formal rules, hierarchy, and rationality.
🚀 Bureaucracy has several roles including public service delivery, development implementation, and acting as a bridge between the government and the public.
🏢 There are three categories of bureaucracy in Indonesia: general government, development-focused, and service-oriented bureaucracies.
💼 Bureaucratic power in Indonesia has been influenced by centralization and historical colonial and feudal practices.
⚠️ Indonesia's bureaucracy faces challenges such as a feudal mindset, lack of performance orientation, and high economic costs, leading to weaknesses like unclear salary systems and lack of accountability.

Q & A

What is the definition of bureaucracy according to the script?
-Bureaucracy is defined as a system of administration and execution of daily tasks that is structured in a clear hierarchical system, governed by written rules, and carried out by specialized individuals based on their skills and expertise.
What are the two main functions of bureaucracy mentioned?
-The two main functions of bureaucracy mentioned are: 1) as a process of government administration, and 2) as a static structure or function in governance.
According to Max Weber, what are the characteristics of bureaucracy?
-Max Weber identified several characteristics of bureaucracy: 1) work is governed by fixed rules, 2) specialization of tasks, 3) formal official processes, 4) top-down hierarchical organization, 5) based on rational logic, and 6) centralization of authority.
What are the four goals of bureaucracy mentioned in the script?
-The four goals of bureaucracy are: 1) aligning with the goals of government, 2) implementing programs to achieve the government’s vision and mission, 3) serving the public in a neutral and professional manner, and 4) managing government operations including planning, oversight, and evaluation.
What are the three categories of bureaucracy listed?
-The three categories of bureaucracy are: 1) general government bureaucracy, 2) development bureaucracy, and 3) service bureaucracy.
What are some of the weaknesses of bureaucracy in Indonesia mentioned?
-The weaknesses of bureaucracy in Indonesia include unclear salary systems, insufficient performance monitoring, a tendency to deviate from organizational goals, and excessive emphasis on rationality, impersonalization, and hierarchy.
What are the two factors that can change bureaucracy according to the script?
-The two factors that can change bureaucracy are: 1) bureaucratic culture, which refers to the organizational environment and norms, and 2) the performance of bureaucratic actors, who must continuously improve their performance to provide optimal service.
What are the five functions and roles of bureaucracy mentioned in the script?
-The five functions and roles of bureaucracy are: 1) delivering public services, 2) professional implementation of development, 3) planning, executing, and managing policy, 4) serving public interests, and 5) acting as a link between the government and society.
What empirical characteristics of bureaucracy in Indonesia are highlighted?
-The empirical characteristics of bureaucracy in Indonesia include centralized power among an elite group, a strong focus on uniformity, unclear delegation of authority, and difficulty in defining job descriptions and conducting job analysis.
What are some of the bureaucratic diseases and their causes mentioned?
-Some of the bureaucratic diseases include a feudalistic culture, overreliance on directives from superiors, loyalty to leaders rather than organizations, low service orientation, lack of comprehensive technological support, and high economic costs. These issues result in a large number of employees and a lack of responsiveness.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Introduction to Bureaucracy in Indonesia

The paragraph introduces the concept of bureaucracy in Indonesia, beginning with its etymology. Bureaucracy comes from two words, 'bomyeo' and 'kelly', and refers to government officials appointed by rulers to implement policies. It is defined both as an administrative system and a behavior of governance, with a clear hierarchical structure where tasks are performed by specific individuals based on their skills and expertise. Additionally, it distinguishes two types of bureaucratic functions: the administrative process and a static government structure.

05:00

🏛️ Types of Bureaucracy in Indonesia

This paragraph explains three categories of bureaucracy: (1) General Government Bureaucracy, which involves tasks related to governance and public order, (2) Development Bureaucracy, focused on achieving specific development goals such as agriculture, health, and education, and (3) Service Bureaucracy, where units interact directly with citizens, such as hospitals and schools. The paragraph also touches on the empirical experience of bureaucracy in Indonesia, highlighting centralized power and the bureaucratic dominance inherited from colonial systems and feudal cultures.

10:01

🔧 Challenges and Weaknesses of Bureaucracy in Indonesia

This section addresses the issues within Indonesia’s bureaucratic system, including vague salary structures, inadequate supervision, and tendencies toward self-interest. Additionally, the emphasis on hierarchy and impersonal relations creates inefficiencies. To improve bureaucracy, two approaches are recommended: focusing on bureaucratic culture and enhancing individual performance. The paragraph concludes with a call for reforms to achieve good governance, supported by principles like efficiency, accountability, and technical certainty.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy refers to a structured system of administration, particularly in government, where tasks are divided and performed based on rules, hierarchy, and specialization. In the video, bureaucracy is described as a mechanism for running the government through appointed officials, emphasizing its role in managing public administration and governance efficiently.

💡Governance

Governance involves the processes and structures used to guide and control the activities of governments, organizations, or societies. The video discusses governance as part of the bureaucratic system, highlighting its function in policy implementation and ensuring that the government works in alignment with public interests and established rules.

💡Hierarchical system

A hierarchical system is a structure where authority is organized in levels, with each level subordinate to the one above. The video describes bureaucracy as operating within a clear hierarchical structure, with tasks and responsibilities flowing from higher to lower levels, ensuring order and efficiency in government operations.

💡Public Service

Public service refers to services provided by the government to its citizens, often through bureaucratic institutions like hospitals, schools, and other public facilities. In the video, public service is emphasized as one of the main functions of bureaucracy, aimed at serving the needs of the population professionally and impartially.

💡Max Weber's Bureaucracy

Max Weber’s concept of bureaucracy highlights the formal, logical, and hierarchical nature of bureaucratic organizations. The video references Weber's ideas about fixed rules, specialization, and hierarchical management as defining features of a bureaucracy, which ensures efficiency but can also lead to rigidity.

💡Good Governance

Good governance refers to the effective, transparent, accountable, and equitable administration of public resources and policies. The video concludes with the idea that bureaucracy must evolve towards good governance, fostering efficiency, accountability, and service delivery to achieve better government performance.

💡Centralization

Centralization is the concentration of decision-making authority at the top levels of a bureaucratic structure. The video discusses how bureaucracy in Indonesia has often been criticized for being too centralized, with power held by elites, limiting local or decentralized governance efforts.

💡Civil Servants

Civil servants are individuals employed by the government to implement policies and deliver public services. In the video, civil servants (bureaucrats) are depicted as key actors in the bureaucracy, playing a crucial role in ensuring the government's day-to-day operations and long-term policy implementation.

💡Reform

Reform in the context of the video refers to changes made to improve the bureaucracy by addressing inefficiencies, corruption, and outdated structures. The video suggests that reform is necessary for Indonesia's bureaucracy to align better with the principles of good governance, such as transparency and accountability.

💡Feudal Culture

Feudal culture in the video is described as one of the 'diseases' of bureaucracy, where there is a tendency to follow hierarchical loyalty and personal power structures rather than focusing on the merit-based or functional operation of the government. This culture is seen as a hindrance to modernizing and making the bureaucracy more responsive to the people.

Highlights

Bureaucracy is derived from two words: 'bureau' and 'kratos,' meaning an apparatus appointed by the ruler to carry out governance.

Bureaucracy is characterized by its structured administration and hierarchical system, where tasks are carried out based on written rules and specific roles.

There are two main classifications of bureaucracy: as a process of administrative governance and as a static structure or function.

Modern states require modern bureaucracies that implement state policies while maintaining neutrality and professionalism in public service.

Max Weber identified six characteristics of bureaucracy: adherence to rules, specialization, formal procedures, hierarchical structure, rational logic, and centralization.

Bureaucracy serves five main functions: public service, professional implementation of development, planning and executing policies, serving societal interests, and acting as a link between the government and the public.

There are three categories of bureaucracy in Indonesia: general governmental bureaucracy, developmental bureaucracy, and service-oriented bureaucracy.

Indonesia’s bureaucratic structure historically stems from its colonial past and has evolved with significant centralization of power among elite groups.

Indonesia’s bureaucratic system faced challenges during the post-independence period, with increased centralization and emphasis on hierarchical structures.

Common issues in Indonesian bureaucracy include feudal culture, a lack of performance-oriented practices, and excessive loyalty to superiors over organizations.

Bureaucracy in Indonesia suffers from inefficiencies such as unclear pay structures, weak performance monitoring, and overemphasis on hierarchy and impersonal rules.

Two approaches to reforming bureaucracy include addressing bureaucratic culture and improving the performance of actors within the system.

Bureaucratic reforms aim to create good governance through cultural changes and adherence to Weberian principles combined with local socio-historical factors.

The six core values for fostering good governance are efficiency, effectiveness, technical accuracy, accountability, stability, and accessibility.

Efforts to improve Indonesian bureaucracy include clarifying legal frameworks, enhancing the mentality of bureaucrats, strengthening control mechanisms, and improving relations between central and regional governments.