Autorretención de un Contactor | Circuito de Marcha y Parada | Enclavamiento

Neheyler Mecatrónico

22 Dec 202108:04

Summary

TLDRThis video tutorial offers a quick guide on how to wire a contactor with start and stop functionality. It covers the essential components, including a thermal magnetic switch rated at 20 amperes, green start button (normally open), red stop button (normally closed), and the contactor itself. The contactor operates by energizing its coil to close power and auxiliary contacts. The video demonstrates the wiring process, starting with the connection of phase output to the stop button, then to the start button, and finally to the contactor's auxiliary contacts. It also explains the feedback loop that locks the contactor's coil energized. The tutorial concludes with a practical demonstration using a light bulb as a load, showing how the start and stop buttons control the contactor and the connected load.

Takeaways

🔌 The video explains how to wire a magnetic thermal switch (PTM) and a contactor for a start/stop circuit.
🔘 A 20-ampere PTM is used for protection against overloads and short circuits.
🟢 A normally open green button is used for the start function.
🔴 A normally closed red button is used for the stop function.
🔩 The contactor is crucial; it closes its power and auxiliary contacts when its coil is energized.
🔋 The contactor's coil requires a 220-volt AC supply at 50 or 60 Hz.
🔄 The contactor has main power contacts (L1, L2, L3) and auxiliary contacts (13, 14) for control purposes.
🔄 Upon energization, the contactor's movable part retracts, connecting the main power lines and establishing a feedback loop.
🔄 The wiring involves connecting the phase output to the stop button, start button, auxiliary contact, and coil.
🔄 The control circuit can have a separate power supply from the main power contacts.
💡 The video demonstrates the circuit operation using a light bulb as a load instead of an electric motor.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?
-The video explains how to wire a contactor with start and stop functionality.
What is the purpose of the thermal magnetic switch (PTM) mentioned in the video?
-The thermal magnetic switch (PTM) serves as an overcurrent and short-circuit protection for the electrical circuit.
What are the two types of push buttons used in the circuit?
-The two types of push buttons used are a green start button, which is normally open, and a red stop button, which is normally closed.
What is the voltage and frequency requirement for energizing the contactor's coil?
-The contactor's coil must be energized with 220 volts at 50 or 60 hertz AC.
What are the main components of the contactor mentioned in the video?
-The main components of the contactor are the coil, main power contacts (L1, L2, L3 to T1, T2, T3), and auxiliary contacts (13 and 14).
How does the contactor's auxiliary contact (13-14) play a role in the circuit?
-When the contactor's coil is energized, the auxiliary contact closes, creating a feedback loop that latches or maintains the energization of the coil.
What is the function of the thermal relay in the context of this video?
-Although not the main focus of the video, the thermal relay is mentioned as an additional protective element for a motor, which will be explained in more detail in another video.
What is the wiring process described for the start and stop push buttons?
-The stop button (normally closed) is connected to the phase output terminal, then to the start button (normally open), and from there to the contactor's A1 terminal. The wiring from the push buttons is also connected to the contactor's auxiliary terminal 13.
How is the control circuit powered in the video?
-The control circuit can be powered independently from the power supply of the main contacts.
What happens when the stop button is pressed?
-Pressing the stop button de-energizes the circuit, breaking the feedback loop and causing the contactor's coil to de-energize, which opens the main and auxiliary contacts.
What is used as a load in the practical demonstration of the contactor circuit?
-A light bulb is used as a load in the practical demonstration to test the contactor circuit.

Outlines

00:00

🛠️ Contactor Wiring and Operation Overview

This paragraph explains the process of wiring a contactor with start and stop functionality. The key components include a thermal magnetic switch rated at 20 amperes, a green start button which is normally open, a red stop button which is normally closed, and the main contactor device. When energized, the contactor's coil closes its power and auxiliary contacts. The contactor's coil requires a 220-volt AC supply at 50 or 60 hertz, indicated by connections to terminals A1 and A2. The front of the contactor features input lines L1, L2, and L3, and output terminals T1, T2, and T3 for the main power contacts, with auxiliary contacts on terminals 13 and 14. Upon energizing the coil, the movable part retracts, connecting the input lines to the output terminals, enabling power to pass through to the load, such as motors. The video also mentions the use of a thermal relay for additional motor protection, which will be detailed in another video. The connection scheme is illustrated both diagrammatically and with physical elements, showing how to connect the thermal magnetic switch, start and stop buttons, and the contactor for a self-locking or latching mechanism.

05:01

🔧 Demonstration of Contactor Operation with a Light Bulb

In this paragraph, the functionality of the contactor is demonstrated using a light bulb as a load. The operation begins with connecting the phase cable through the start and stop buttons to the contactor. The neutral cable is connected directly to the coil's terminal A2. The video shows the process of making the connections, including attaching cables to the input terminals E1 and L2, and the output terminals T1 and T2, with the light bulb serving as the test load. The demonstration involves lowering the switch lever to make the connections and then raising it to energize the circuit. Pressing the start button causes the light bulb to illuminate, indicating that the contactor's coil is energized and the contacts are closed, allowing current to flow to the load. Pressing the stop button reverses the process, turning off the light bulb as the contacts open. The video concludes with a reminder to like, subscribe, and share for more content on logic, wiring, motor control with PLCs, and other related topics.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Enclavamiento

Enclavamiento, in the context of this video, refers to the process of 'latching' or 'self-holding' a contactor. It is a technical term used in electrical engineering to describe a mechanism that maintains its state without the need for continuous external power once it has been triggered. In the video, the concept is central to explaining how a contactor can be energized and then continue to conduct electricity even after the initial activation signal is removed.

💡Contactor

A contactor is an electrically controlled switch used for switching electrical power. It is a key component in many industrial applications, including motor control circuits. In the video, the contactor is described as the most important device, which closes its power and auxiliary contacts when its coil is energized. The video script mentions a specific model of a contactor with terminals for power input and auxiliary contacts that are normally open.

💡Thermal Magnetic Switch (PTM)

The thermal magnetic switch, also known as a PTM, is a type of circuit breaker that combines thermal and magnetic protection for electrical systems. It protects against overloads and short circuits. In the video, the script describes the use of a PTM switch rated for 20 amperes, which is connected to the phase output to provide protection to the cables.

💡Pushbuttons

Pushbuttons are simple manual switches used in control circuits to initiate or stop processes. In the video, two pushbuttons are mentioned: one green for 'start' and one red for 'stop'. The green pushbutton is described as 'normally open', meaning it completes the circuit when pressed, while the red one is 'normally closed', meaning it breaks the circuit when pressed.

💡Auxiliary Contacts

Auxiliary contacts are additional contacts in a switch or contactor that can be used for control purposes, such as indicating the status of the main contacts or for interlocking circuits. In the video, the contactor has auxiliary contacts 13 and 14, which are normally open and close when the contactor's coil is energized, providing feedback for the latching mechanism.

💡Power Contacts

Power contacts are the main contacts in a contactor that carry the high current to the load. In the video, the script refers to L1, L2, and L3 as the input lines and T1, T2, and T3 as the output terminals, which are the power contacts of the contactor. These contacts are responsible for connecting the power supply to the load when the contactor is energized.

💡Relay

A relay is an electrically operated switch. It is used to control one electrical circuit by opening, closing, or changing the connections in a second circuit, usually with a lower voltage or lower current. In the video, a thermal relay is mentioned, which is connected in a specific way to provide additional protection for a motor, although detailed explanation of its connection is reserved for another video.

💡Circuit Diagram

A circuit diagram is a visual representation of an electrical circuit. It shows the components of the circuit and their interconnections. In the video, a unifilar diagram is shown on the left side, which is a type of diagram that represents each wire as a single line. The script describes the physical elements and their connections in the circuit diagram.

💡Feedback

Feedback in an electrical context refers to a portion of the output signal of a system that is returned to its input, often used to control the system's behavior. In the video, when the start pushbutton is pressed, and the contactor's coil is energized, the auxiliary contacts close, creating a feedback loop that maintains the energized state of the contactor's coil, thus keeping the main contacts closed.

💡Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is a fundamental force in physics that describes the interaction between electrically charged particles. In the context of the video, when the contactor's coil is energized, it generates an electromagnetic field that attracts the moving part of the contactor, causing the main and auxiliary contacts to close and allowing the flow of current to the load.

💡Spring

A spring is a mechanical component that stores energy and returns to its original shape when a force is removed. In the video, a spring is mentioned that is located between the moving part of the contactor and the coil. When the coil is de-energized, the spring pushes the moving part back to its default position, opening the contacts.

Highlights

The video explains how to wire a self-holding circuit for a contactor with start and stop buttons.

The components needed for the circuit include a thermal magnetic switch rated at 20 amperes.

A green start button, which is normally open, is used to initiate the circuit.

A red stop button, which is normally closed, is included for safety.

The contactor is essential as it closes power and auxiliary contacts when energized.

The contactor's coil requires a 220-volt AC supply at 50 or 60 Hz.

The contactor has L1, L2, and L3 as input lines and T1, T2, and T3 as working outputs.

Auxiliary contacts 13 and 14 form a normally open contact for additional control.

Different models and brands of contactors may have varying terminal arrangements but function similarly.

A thermal relay is mentioned for motor protection but will be detailed in another video.

The wiring diagram is presented, showing the connection from the phase output to the stop button.

The start button S2 is connected after the stop button in the circuit.

Connections from the start button lead to contactor terminal A1.

A wire from the button connection is routed to auxiliary contact terminal 13.

Terminal 14 of the auxiliary contact is connected back to the wire at terminal A1.

The coil's A2 terminal is connected to the neutral terminal in the thermal magnetic switch.

Operation of the circuit is explained step by step, starting with the PTM handle lift.

Pressing the start button energizes the contactor's coil, closing auxiliary contacts for self-holding.

Pressing the stop button disengages the self-holding circuit, de-energizing the contactor.

The control circuit can have a separate power supply from the main power contacts.

A practical demonstration is performed using a light bulb as a load to test the contactor operation.

The contactor's operation is compared to an electromagnet in a relay.

The video concludes with a teaser for future content on logic, wiring, motor starting, PLC control, and more.