Fermentación Láctica y Alcohólica || Biología UNAM

Homeostasis | Ciencias Biomédicas

9 Feb 202103:15

Summary

TLDRThis video, part of a series dedicated to preparing for the admission exam to the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), focuses on the basics of lactic and alcoholic fermentation. The video explains the glycolysis process, where glucose is split into pyruvate, and highlights how fermentation continues in anaerobic conditions. It covers lactic fermentation, producing lactate, and alcoholic fermentation, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide. The video also touches on practical uses in industries such as dairy and wine-making. It aims to help students remember key points for their exam.

Takeaways

📚 The channel focuses on teaching medical-related topics, specifically for the UNAM admission exam.
🔔 Viewers are encouraged to subscribe and activate notifications for updates on content.
🔬 The video covers the basics of lactic and alcoholic fermentation, which are important for the UNAM exam.
🧪 Each glucose molecule entering glycolysis is split into two pyruvate molecules, and ATP and NADH are also produced.
🌱 In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate undergoes fermentation, which can be either lactic or alcoholic, depending on the cell type.
🧫 Lactic fermentation converts pyruvate into lactate using NADH, while alcoholic fermentation converts pyruvate into acetaldehyde and then into ethanol, releasing CO2.
🥛 Lactic fermentation is utilized in industries for producing yogurt and cheese, and it occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise.
🍷 Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by some bacteria and yeasts and is used in the production of wine, beer, and bread.
⚡ Fermentation is a catabolic process that takes place in the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
📈 The accumulation of lactic acid is believed to contribute to muscle soreness after exercise.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?
-The video focuses on essential topics related to lactic and alcoholic fermentation for the admission exam to the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
What happens to glucose during glycolysis?
-Each glucose molecule is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid or pyruvate during glycolysis, along with the production of ATP and NADH.
What occurs if there is no oxygen available after glycolysis?
-In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate molecules follow an anaerobic fermentation pathway, which can be either lactic or alcoholic, depending on the type of cell.
What are the final products of lactic acid fermentation?
-The final product of lactic acid fermentation is lactate or lactic acid, and NADH is used during the process.
What are the steps and products of alcoholic fermentation?
-In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is first converted to acetaldehyde, releasing CO2. Acetaldehyde is then converted to ethanol, using NADH produced during glycolysis. The final products are ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Where does fermentation take place in the cell?
-Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
How is lactic acid fermentation used in the food industry?
-Lactic acid fermentation is used in the production of yogurt and cheese, where bacteria are involved in the process.
What causes muscle pain during intense exercise, according to the video?
-Muscle pain during intense exercise is believed to be caused by the accumulation of lactic acid due to lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells.
Which organisms carry out alcoholic fermentation?
-Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by certain bacteria and yeasts.
What industries benefit from alcoholic fermentation?
-Alcoholic fermentation is used in the wine, beer, and bread-making industries.

Outlines

00:00

🎥 Welcome to Éxtasis: Medical Education Channel

This introductory paragraph welcomes viewers to the Éxtasis YouTube channel, which focuses on medical education. It introduces a series dedicated to the entrance exam for the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). The speaker encourages viewers to explore relevant playlists, subscribe, and turn on notifications, emphasizing the importance of staying engaged with the content. The video will cover essential knowledge about lactic and alcoholic fermentation for the UNAM exam.

🧪 Glycolysis and Fermentation Overview

This section provides a foundational overview of glycolysis, explaining that each glucose molecule is split into two pyruvate (or pyruvic acid) molecules. The reactions also generate ATP (the cell's energy currency) and NADH (an electron carrier). In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate molecules enter anaerobic fermentation, which can lead to either lactic or alcoholic fermentation depending on the type of cell involved.

⚛️ Lactic Fermentation Process

Here, the focus is on lactic fermentation. The pyruvate molecules formed during glycolysis are converted into lactate (lactic acid), utilizing the NADH generated earlier. This process occurs in anaerobic conditions and is essential for energy production when oxygen is scarce. This is common in muscle cells during intense exercise, and the accumulation of lactic acid is believed to contribute to muscle soreness.

🍷 Alcoholic Fermentation Process

This paragraph explains the steps of alcoholic fermentation, where pyruvate is first converted into acetaldehyde, releasing CO2. Then, acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol using NADH. This process is crucial in industries such as winemaking, brewing, and bread production. Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by certain bacteria and yeasts.

🧬 Fermentation as a Catabolic Process

The paragraph highlights that fermentation is a catabolic process occurring in the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Lactic fermentation is used in the food industry to produce yogurt and cheese, while alcoholic fermentation is key in the production of wine, beer, and bread. It also notes the link between lactic acid accumulation and muscle pain during intense exercise.

👍 Conclusion and Exam Preparation Tips

The closing paragraph encourages viewers to apply what they've learned for their UNAM entrance exam. The speaker emphasizes the importance of reviewing and memorizing the content to answer most related exam questions. The video concludes with a call to action for viewers to like the video, subscribe, and share it on social media, while wishing them success on their exam.

Highlights

Welcome to Éxtasis, a channel dedicated to teaching topics related to the medical field.

This video is part of a series dedicated to the admission exam for the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

Encourages viewers to subscribe to the channel and activate notifications.

The video focuses on the basics of lactic and alcoholic fermentation, essential for the UNAM admission exam.

Glucose entering glycolysis is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid (or pyruvate).

ATP and NADH are formed during glycolysis, which act as electron carriers.

If oxygen is not available, pyruvate follows an anaerobic fermentation pathway, either lactic or alcoholic.

In lactic fermentation, pyruvate is converted into lactate using NADH from glycolysis.

In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is first converted into acetaldehyde, releasing CO2.

Acetaldehyde is then converted into ethanol using NADH from glycolysis.

The end product of lactic fermentation is lactate (lactic acid), while the end products of alcoholic fermentation are ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Fermentation is a catabolic process occurring in the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Lactic fermentation is used in the dairy industry for the production of yogurt and cheese, involving bacteria.

Lactic fermentation also occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise, potentially causing muscle soreness due to lactic acid buildup.

Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by some bacteria and yeast and is used in wine production, as well as in the production of beer and bread.