Fermentación Láctica y Alcohólica || Biología UNAM

Summary

This video, part of a series dedicated to preparing for the admission exam to the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), focuses on the basics of lactic and alcoholic fermentation. The video explains the glycolysis process, where glucose is split into pyruvate, and highlights how fermentation continues in anaerobic conditions. It covers lactic fermentation, producing lactate, and alcoholic fermentation, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide. The video also touches on practical uses in industries such as dairy and wine-making. It aims to help students remember key points for their exam.

Takeaways

• 📚 The channel focuses on teaching medical-related topics, specifically for the UNAM admission exam.
• 🔔 Viewers are encouraged to subscribe and activate notifications for updates on content.
• 🔬 The video covers the basics of lactic and alcoholic fermentation, which are important for the UNAM exam.
• 🧪 Each glucose molecule entering glycolysis is split into two pyruvate molecules, and ATP and NADH are also produced.
• 🌱 In anaerobic conditions, pyruvate undergoes fermentation, which can be either lactic or alcoholic, depending on the cell type.
• 🧫 Lactic fermentation converts pyruvate into lactate using NADH, while alcoholic fermentation converts pyruvate into acetaldehyde and then into ethanol, releasing CO2.
• 🥛 Lactic fermentation is utilized in industries for producing yogurt and cheese, and it occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise.
• 🍷 Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by some bacteria and yeasts and is used in the production of wine, beer, and bread.
• ⚡ Fermentation is a catabolic process that takes place in the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
• 📈 The accumulation of lactic acid is believed to contribute to muscle soreness after exercise.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?

The video focuses on essential topics related to lactic and alcoholic fermentation for the admission exam to the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

What happens to glucose during glycolysis?

Each glucose molecule is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid or pyruvate during glycolysis, along with the production of ATP and NADH.

What occurs if there is no oxygen available after glycolysis?

In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate molecules follow an anaerobic fermentation pathway, which can be either lactic or alcoholic, depending on the type of cell.

What are the final products of lactic acid fermentation?

The final product of lactic acid fermentation is lactate or lactic acid, and NADH is used during the process.

What are the steps and products of alcoholic fermentation?

In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is first converted to acetaldehyde, releasing CO2. Acetaldehyde is then converted to ethanol, using NADH produced during glycolysis. The final products are ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Where does fermentation take place in the cell?

Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

How is lactic acid fermentation used in the food industry?

Lactic acid fermentation is used in the production of yogurt and cheese, where bacteria are involved in the process.

What causes muscle pain during intense exercise, according to the video?

Muscle pain during intense exercise is believed to be caused by the accumulation of lactic acid due to lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells.

Which organisms carry out alcoholic fermentation?

Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by certain bacteria and yeasts.

What industries benefit from alcoholic fermentation?

Alcoholic fermentation is used in the wine, beer, and bread-making industries.