PAST PERFECT | Resumo de Inglês para o Enem

Curso Enem Gratuito

16 Jul 201905:09

Summary

TLDRThe script is an educational video discussing the English 'past perfect' tense, similar to the Portuguese 'preterito mais-que-perfeito'. It explains the tense's usage, which indicates an action that occurred before another in the past. The video clarifies how it differs from the 'present perfect' tense and provides examples of its structure, including affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. It emphasizes the tense's importance in writing and concludes by encouraging viewers to like, subscribe, and share the video.

Takeaways

📚 The video discusses the English verb tense called the past perfect, which is similar to the Portuguese 'preterito mais-que-perfecto'.
⏳ The past perfect tense is used to describe actions that occurred before another event in the past.
👮‍♂️ An example given in the video is 'The police arrested a man who had robbed the bank', where 'had robbed' is in the past perfect tense.
🔄 The past perfect contrasts with the present perfect, which describes actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
👥 The structure of the past perfect tense includes the subject, an auxiliary verb (had or has), and the past participle of the main verb.
🚫 To form the negative, 'not' is placed after the auxiliary verb, as in 'He had not worked there for ten years'.
❓ For questions, the auxiliary verb is moved before the subject, like 'Had he worked there for ten years?'
💡 The video points out that it's uncommon to form questions in the past perfect, and it's more common to use it in negative sentences.
📝 The past perfect is often used in written language, especially in formal contexts like essays, to show the sequence of past events.
🗣️ The video advises that while the past perfect is structurally similar to the Portuguese 'preterito mais-que-perfecto', it's not used as frequently in spoken English.
👋 The presenter ends by encouraging viewers to like, subscribe, comment, and share the video, and to stay tuned for more lessons.

Q & A

What is the past perfect tense?
-The past perfect tense is a verb tense used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past.
How is the past perfect tense formed in English?
-The past perfect tense is formed with the subject, followed by the auxiliary verb 'had', and then the past participle of the main verb.
What is the difference between the past perfect and the simple past?
-The past perfect indicates that an action was completed before another action in the past, while the simple past just indicates that an action occurred in the past without reference to another past action.
Can you provide an example of the past perfect tense from the script?
-Yes, the script provides the example: 'Olha só correndo Rob the Bank que havia roubado o banco.' This translates to 'Look, Red Robin who had robbed the bank.'
What is the Portuguese equivalent of the past perfect tense?
-The Portuguese equivalent of the past perfect tense is the pretérito-mais-que-perfeito.
How do you form a negative sentence in the past perfect tense?
-To form a negative sentence in the past perfect tense, you place 'not' after the auxiliary verb 'had'.
How do you form a question in the past perfect tense?
-To form a question in the past perfect tense, you move the auxiliary verb 'had' before the subject.
What is the use of the past perfect tense in conditional sentences?
-The past perfect tense is often used in conditional sentences to talk about hypothetical situations in the past.
Is it common to use the past perfect tense in questions?
-It is not very common to use the past perfect tense in questions. It is more commonly used in negative sentences.
What is the meaning of 'We have been friends until that moment'?
-This phrase means that the friendship started in the past and continued up until a specific moment in the past when it ended.
What is the significance of the past perfect tense in the context of the script?
-The script emphasizes the past perfect tense to explain how to use it to describe actions that occurred before another action in the past, which is crucial for understanding the sequence of events in narratives or historical contexts.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to the Past Perfect Tense

The speaker begins by greeting the audience and introducing the topic of the past perfect tense. They explain that the past perfect tense is used to describe an action that occurred before another action in the past. The speaker uses the example of 'Red Robin had robbed the bank' to illustrate how the past perfect tense indicates that the robbery happened before the police caught the thief. They also contrast the past perfect tense with the present perfect tense, highlighting that the present perfect tense describes an action that started in the past and continues to the present, while the past perfect tense describes an action that started in the past but is no longer true. The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding the sequence of events when using the past perfect tense.

05:02

🗣️ Closing Remarks and Call to Action

In the closing paragraph, the speaker invites the audience to like, subscribe, and comment on the video if they have any questions. They also encourage viewers to share the video with friends, indicating a desire to spread the knowledge about the past perfect tense. The speaker wraps up the session by reminding viewers of the key point from the lesson: the past perfect tense is used to describe actions that started in the past and are no longer true, or actions that happened before another past event.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Past Perfect

The Past Perfect is a verb tense used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. In the video, it is explained as something that happened before a certain point in time, which is crucial for understanding the sequence of past events. For instance, the phrase 'Rob the Bank had robbed the bank' uses the Past Perfect to indicate that the robbery occurred before the police caught him.

💡Verb Tense

A verb tense is a form of a verb that indicates the time at which an action took place. The video script discusses verb tenses extensively, particularly focusing on the Past Perfect. Verb tenses are essential for expressing the chronological order of events in both speech and writing.

💡Pretérito Mais-Que-Perfeito

This is the Portuguese equivalent of the Past Perfect tense. The video uses this term to draw a parallel between English and Portuguese grammar, helping Portuguese speakers understand the concept. It is used to describe actions that were completed before another action in the past, as illustrated in the script with the example 'que é lá que todo mundo tem que usar em redação'.

💡Auxiliary Verb

An auxiliary verb, also known as a helping verb, is used to form various tenses, moods, and voices. In the context of the Past Perfect, auxiliary verbs like 'had' or 'has' are used in conjunction with the past participle of the main verb to indicate a completed action in the past. The video script explains that 'had' is used as an auxiliary verb in the Past Perfect construction.

💡Past Participle

The past participle is a form of a verb that is used with an auxiliary verb to form perfect tenses. In the video, it is mentioned that the past participle is used with the auxiliary verb to complete the structure of the Past Perfect tense, as in 'had worked' or 'has worked'.

💡Sequence of Events

The sequence of events refers to the order in which actions occur. The video script uses the Past Perfect to explain the sequence of events in the past, such as 'the man robbed the bank, and then he was caught by the police', emphasizing the importance of the Past Perfect in showing the order of past actions.

💡Negative Form

The negative form of a verb tense is used to indicate that an action did not happen. The video explains how to form the negative of the Past Perfect by adding 'not' after the auxiliary verb, as in 'he had not worked there for ten years', which shows that the action of working was not completed before the specified time.

💡Interrogative Form

The interrogative form is used to form questions. The video script provides an example of how to form a question in the Past Perfect by moving the auxiliary verb before the subject, as in 'Had he worked there for ten years?', which is used to inquire about the completion of an action in the past.

💡Present Perfect

The Present Perfect is a verb tense used to describe an action that began in the past and continues to the present. The video contrasts this with the Past Perfect, highlighting the difference in usage. For example, 'We have been friends until that moment' uses the Present Perfect to indicate an action that started in the past and is still true today.

💡Conditional Sentences

Conditional sentences are used to talk about possible or imagined situations. The video script mentions that the Past Perfect is not commonly used in questions, but it is often used in negative forms and conditional sentences to express actions that were completed before another action in the past.

Highlights

Introduction to the Past Perfect tense

Explanation of the Past Perfect tense in English and its equivalent in Portuguese

Use of Past Perfect to describe an action that happened before another in the past

Example sentence using Past Perfect: 'The police arrested a man who had robbed a bank.'

Comparison of Past Perfect with Present Perfect tense

Present Perfect describes an action that started in the past and continues to the present

Past Perfect is used for actions that started in the past but are not true anymore

Example of Past Perfect in a negative sentence

Formation of interrogative sentences in Past Perfect

Structure of Past Perfect sentences: subject, auxiliary verb, and past participle

Explanation of the use of 'had' as an auxiliary verb in Past Perfect

Example of Past Perfect in a different context: 'He had worked there for ten years.'

Use of Past Perfect in negative form by adding 'not' after the auxiliary verb

Past Perfect is less commonly used in interrogative sentences compared to negative sentences

The rarity of using Past Perfect in interrogative sentences for conditional phrases

Final note on the importance of understanding Past Perfect tense

Invitation for feedback and engagement with the channel