ERA VARGAS: RESUMO PARA O ENEM | QUER QUE DESENHE? | DESCOMPLICA

Summary

This script offers an engaging overview of Brazil's Vargas Era, divided into three periods: Provisional Government (1930-1934), Constitutional Government (1934-1937), and the New State (1937-1945). It discusses Vargas' rise to power post-1930 revolution, the establishment of new ministries, labor laws, and women's suffrage. It also covers political conflicts, including the Constitutionalist Revolution, the AIB and ANL's formation, and the failed Communist Attempt of 1935. The script highlights the 'Plan Cohen' hoax that solidified Vargas's power, leading to the authoritarian Estado Novo. It touches on Vargas's role in Brazil's industrialization and labor law consolidation, culminating in his 1945 military coup and the era's end, with a teaser for Vargas's return in 1951.

Takeaways

• 📅 The Vargas Era is divided into three periods: the Provisional Government (1930-1934), the Constitutional Government (1934-1937), and the New State (1937-1945).
• 🏛️ Getúlio Vargas came to power after the 1930 Revolution, suspending the 1891 Constitution and centralizing political power.
• 🛠️ During the Provisional Government, Vargas created new ministries, appointed interventors, formulated labor laws, and established a secret ballot and women's suffrage.
• ☕ The National Coffee Council was established to control the coffee market and centralize the coffee policy in Brazil.
• 🗳️ The 1932 Constitutionalist Revolution in São Paulo was a significant opposition movement against Vargas' rule.
• 📜 In 1934, Vargas promulgated a new Constitution, marking the beginning of the Constitutional Government period.
• 🔄 Despite the new Constitution, political conflicts persisted, with the rise of extremist ideologies and the formation of groups like the Brazilian Integralist Action and the National Liberating Alliance.
• 🚩 The 1935 Communist Attempt, known as the Intentona Comunista, was quickly suppressed by the government.
• 📜 The Plan Cohen in 1937 was a false communist attack orchestrated by Vargas to consolidate power, leading to the New State period.
• 🏭 The New State was characterized by Vargas' authoritarian rule, with the creation of state-owned enterprises and the promotion of Brazilian industrialization.
• 🌐 Vargas' role in mediating labor disputes led to the creation of the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), earning him the title 'Father of the Poor'.
• 🔄 The entry of Brazil into World War II and the growing influence of democracy led to a military coup in 1945, ending the first part of the Vargas Era.

Q & A

What is the 'Era Vargas' and how is it divided?

The 'Era Vargas' refers to the period in Brazilian history when Getúlio Vargas was in power. It is divided into three periods: the Provisional Government (1930-1934), the Constitutional Government (1934-1937), and the Estado Novo (1937-1945).

What significant event happened right after the 1930 Revolution?

After the 1930 Revolution, Getúlio Vargas assumed power and suspended the 1891 Constitution, initiating a process of political centralization, which marked the beginning of the Provisional Government.

What was the purpose of creating the Conselho Nacional do Café during the Provisional Government?

The Conselho Nacional do Café was created to value the price of coffee in the international market and centralize the coffee policy in Brazil.

What was the 'Revolution Constitucionalista Paulista' and when did it occur?

The 'Revolution Constitucionalista Paulista' was an opposition movement against Vargas' rule that took place in 1932, where local oligarchies in São Paulo called for a constituent assembly.

What changes were implemented with the 1934 Constitution?

The 1934 Constitution officially included secret voting, women's suffrage, and labor laws, marking the beginning of the Constitutional Government phase of the Era Vargas.

How did the political landscape evolve during the Constitutional Government?

During the Constitutional Government, there was a radicalization and polarization of ideologies, with the founding of the fascist-inspired Ação Integralista Brasileira in 1932 and the leftist Aliança Nacional Libertadora in 1935.

What was the 'Intentona Comunista' of 1935?

The 'Intentona Comunista' was a communist uprising in 1935 that was quickly controlled by the government and did not succeed.

What was the 'Plano Cohen' and how did it affect Vargas' power?

The 'Plano Cohen' was a supposed communist attack orchestrated by Vargas himself in 1937 to consolidate more power. It involved a fake letter written by Olímpio Mourão with Vargas' consent, which led to the closure of Congress and the establishment of interventores in all states.

How is the Estado Novo characterized and what was its impact on Brazil?

The Estado Novo is characterized as a dictatorial period with Vargas consolidating power, closing the Congress, and appointing interventores with military support. It marked the beginning of a personalist dictatorship where Vargas' legitimacy was based on his personality and control over communication.

What economic policies did Vargas implement during the Estado Novo?

During the Estado Novo, Vargas promoted Brazilian industrialization by creating state-owned enterprises like Vale do Rio Doce and CSN, marking the first time industrialization was a state policy in Brazil.

How did Vargas' policies lead to him being known as 'O Pai dos Pobres'?

Vargas became known as 'O Pai dos Pobres' after mediating conflicts between workers and employers and creating the Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT), which was a long-standing demand of the working class.

What events led to the end of the Era Vargas?

The Era Vargas ended with a military coup in 1945, influenced by the Second World War and the growing strength of democratic ideals. Even though there was a workers' movement to keep Vargas in power, known as Queremismo, he was overthrown to ensure elections could take place.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Introduction to the Vargas Era

The script begins with a call to action for viewers to subscribe and turn on notifications for the channel, promising a discount for subscribing to Descomplica. It introduces the topic of the Vargas Era, which is divided into three periods: the Provisional Government (1930-1934), the Constitutional Government (1934-1937), and the New State (1937-1945). The first period is marked by Getúlio Vargas assuming power after the 1930 Revolution, suspending the 1891 Constitution, and centralizing political power. Vargas created new ministries, appointed military officers as interventors, initiated labor laws, and established the Electoral Code, which included women's suffrage. The National Coffee Council was also established to regulate coffee prices. Despite these reforms, there was opposition, notably the Constitutionalist Revolution in São Paulo in 1932. Vargas quelled this and promulgated a new Constitution in 1934, leading to the second phase of his rule.

05:01

🏛️ The New State and Vargas' Consolidation of Power

The second paragraph delves into the final phase of the Vargas Era, known as the New State, which began with a coup supported by the military, leading to Vargas closing the Congress and appointing interventors in all states. This period is characterized as a Personalist Dictatorship, where Vargas' legitimacy stemmed from his personal charisma rather than political parties, which were illegal. He established the Department of Press and Propaganda (DIP) to control the media and propagate his government's image. Economically, Vargas promoted Brazilian industrialization by creating state-owned enterprises like Vale do Rio Doce and CSN. He also mediated labor disputes, leading to the creation of the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT). Despite being seen as a champion of the poor, Vargas faced opposition as Brazil joined the Second World War on the side of the United States, leading to a military coup in 1945. The era concluded with Eurico Gaspar Dutra becoming president, but Vargas would return in 1951, as hinted at the end of the script.

Keywords

💡Era Vargas

The Era Vargas refers to the period in Brazilian history when Getúlio Vargas was the central figure in the government, from 1930 to 1945. This era is divided into three distinct periods, each with its own political and economic characteristics. The video script discusses the different phases of this era, highlighting how Vargas' policies and the political climate evolved over time.

💡Government Provisório

Government Provisório, or Provisional Government, marks the first phase of the Era Vargas, starting in 1930 after the Revolution of 1930. It is characterized by Vargas assuming power and centralizing political authority. The script mentions the creation of new ministries and the establishment of the Conselho Nacional do Café as part of the measures taken during this period.

💡Constituição de 1891

The Constituição de 1891, or Constitution of 1891, was the Brazilian constitution that was in place before Vargas suspended it in 1930. The script indicates that this suspension was a pivotal moment in the beginning of the Era Vargas, as it marked the start of a period without a formal constitution guiding the country's governance.

💡Estado Novo

Estado Novo, or New State, is the last phase of the Era Vargas, beginning in 1937. It is characterized by a more authoritarian rule, with Vargas closing the Congress and appointing interventores in all states. The script describes this phase as a period of personalist dictatorship, where Vargas' legitimacy was derived from his own persona rather than from political parties.

💡CLT

CLT stands for Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, or Consolidation of Labor Laws, which is a significant piece of legislation created during the Era Vargas. The script highlights its importance as it was a longstanding demand of the working class and marked a shift in labor relations in Brazil, aiming to mediate conflicts between workers and employers.

💡Industrialização Brasileira

Industrialização Brasileira, or Brazilian Industrialization, refers to the economic policy during the Era Vargas that aimed to promote domestic industry. The script mentions the creation of state-owned enterprises like Vale do Rio Doce and CSN as part of this push towards industrialization.

💡Plano Cohen

Plano Cohen, or Cohen Plan, was a supposed communist attack orchestrated by Vargas himself to consolidate power further. The script describes how this plan was revealed to be a fabrication, with a letter supposedly written by a Soviet spy but actually penned by Olímpio Mourão with Vargas' consent.

💡Queremismo

Queremismo was a movement of workers who wanted Vargas to remain in power. The script notes that despite this support, Vargas faced a military coup in 1945, which was partly due to the growing influence of democratic ideals and the contradiction of fighting fascist dictatorships in Europe while being an authoritarian regime at home.

💡Revolta Constitucionalista Paulista

Revolta Constitucionalista Paulista, or Constitutionalist Revolt of São Paulo, was an uprising against Vargas' provisional government in 1932. The script describes it as a significant event where local oligarchies in São Paulo demanded a constituent assembly, reflecting the discontent with Vargas' rule without a constitution.

💡Golpe

Golpe, or coup, is a term used in the script to describe the actions taken by Vargas to maintain power, such as the Plano Cohen and the subsequent establishment of the Estado Novo. It also refers to the military coup that ended Vargas' rule in 1945, illustrating the cyclical nature of power dynamics in the Era Vargas.

💡Democracia

Democracia, or democracy, is a theme that emerges towards the end of the Era Vargas, especially with Brazil's entry into World War II on the side of the United States. The script indicates a societal push towards democratic ideals, which contributed to the end of Vargas' rule and the eventual return to elections.

Highlights

The Vargas Era is divided into three periods: Provisional Government, Constitutional Government, and the New State.

Provisional Government begins in 1930 and ends in 1934.

Constitutional Government lasts from 1934 to 1937.

The New State starts in 1937 and ends in 1945, lasting almost 10 years.

Getúlio Vargas assumed power after the 1930 Revolution and suspended the 1891 Constitution.

Vargas created Ministries such as Education and Labor, and appointed military officers as interventors.

The right to vote was extended to women, and the secret ballot was established.

The National Coffee Council was created to control the coffee market.

The 1932 Constitutionalist Revolution in São Paulo opposed Vargas's rule.

Vargas promulgated a new Constitution in 1934, marking the start of the Constitutional Government.

Political conflicts continued with the rise of extremist ideologies during the Constitutional Government period.

The Integralist Action of Brazil (AIB) and the National Liberating Alliance (ANL) emerged during this time.

The Communist Attempt of 1935, known as the Intentona Comunista, was suppressed by the government.

The Plan Cohen in 1937 was a false flag operation by Vargas to consolidate power.

The New State period saw Vargas consolidate power with the support of the National Army.

Vargas's government was characterized as a Personalist Dictatorship during the New State.

The Department of Press and Propaganda (DIP) was created to control media and promote the government.

Vargas promoted Brazilian industrialization by creating state-owned companies.

The Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT) was established to mediate conflicts between workers and employers.

Vargas was known as 'The Father of the Poor' due to his policies favoring the working class.

Brazil's entry into World War II and the rise of democracy led to a military coup against Vargas in 1945.

Eurico Gaspar Dutra succeeded Vargas as President after the 1945 coup.

Vargas returned to power in 1951, marking a continuation of his story with Brazil.

Transcripts

Fala, pessoal.

Vocês estão prontos para mais um Quer Que Desenhe?

Porque hoje vamos falar sobre a Era Vargas.

Pedido da Ingrid, hein. E que mais de 300 pessoas apoiaram.

Olha a nossa responsa.

Mas antes, se você ainda não se inscreveu no canal,

faz isso agora e ativa as notificações

lá no sininho, aquele "tlim", para não perder nenhuma novidade.

Além disso, fica aqui com a gente até o final do vídeo,

porque vai ter um desconto para assinar o Descomplica.

E se você não quer perder tempo,

pode baixar agora o mapa mental da Era Vargas.

É só clicar no link da descrição aqui embaixo.

Agora, vamos juntos?

A primeira coisa que precisamos saber sobre a Era Vargas

é que ela foi dividida em três períodos.

O primeiro é chamado de Governo Provisório,

que começa em 1930

e vai até 1934.

O segundo é o Governo Constitucional,

de 1934 a 1937.

E por último, temos o Estado Novo,

começando em 1937

e terminando em 1945,

durando quase 10 anos.

Parece muita coisa,

mas calma que vamos ver essas fases uma de cada vez

e ai você vai ver como é fácil entender tudo.

Para começar, o Governo Provisório é o período inicial,

quando Getúlio Vargas assume o poder

logo depois da Revolução de 1930,

em que sai de cena política

-a Oligarquia Cafeeira Paulista. -Quero café! Quero café!

É nesse momento que Vargas suspende a Constituição de 1891,

iniciando um processo de centralização política.

E é por isso que o nome dessa primeira fase

se chama Governo Provisório. Certo?

É nesse primeiro momento

que ele cria os Ministérios,

como os da Educação e do Trabalho;

passa a nomear tenentes como interventores;

começa a formular algumas leis trabalhistas

e cria o Código Eleitoral,

tornando o voto secreto

e dando o direito de escolha de representantes para as mulheres também.

O Conselho Nacional do Café

também foi criado com o objetivo de valorizar

o preço do produto no mercado internacional

e centralizar a política cafeicultora brasileira.

Mas esse negócio de governar sem Constituição

já estava incomodando uma galera por ai,

obviamente,

e, no caso, os paulistas mesmo.

A oposição ao Vargas se concentrou em São Paulo,

onde as oligarquias locais

convocaram o restante da população paulista

para irem às ruas, exigindo uma assembleia constituinte.

Isso tudo aconteceu bem no início do governo,

lá em 1932, e ficou marcado

como A Revolução Constitucionalista Paulista.

Mesmo Vargas tendo reprimido fortemente esse conflito,

ele promulga uma Constituição em 1934

e dá início à segunda fase desse período de poder.

Agora, com uma nova Constituição,

temos ai o Governo Constitucional da Era Vargas, como o próprio nome diz.

Isso significa que oficialmente

temos o voto secreto, o voto feminino

e as leis trabalhistas

presentes na Constituição, por exemplo.

Mas isso não quer dizer

que os conflitos políticos acabaram.

Não, de jeito nenhum. É nesse período que acontece

uma radicalização ideológica,

uma polarização mesmo,

com a fundação da Ação Integralista Brasileira,

chamada AIB, em 1932,

que tinha preceitos fascistas

e era liderada por Plínio Salgado.

E depois, já em 1935,

foi criada a Aliança Nacional Libertadora,

conhecida como ANL,

que teve a participação

de diversos setores de centro e de esquerda,

incluindo o Partido Comunista Brasileiro,

liderado por Luís Carlos Prestes.

Nesse meio tempo,

a gente tem também uma tentativa de golpe comunista,

chamada de Intentona Comunista, de 1935.

Mas o levante foi facilmente controlado pelo Governo,

não tendo sucesso.

E ai, quando o mandato de Getúlio Vargas estava prestes a acabar

e novas eleições deviam ser convocadas,

surge um suposto ataque comunista,

assinado por um espião soviético, chamado Cohen.

Só que tudo isso não passou de um golpe do próprio Vargas

para concentrar ainda mais o poder.

Depois, descobriram que a carta

foi escrita, na verdade, por Olímpio Mourão,

com consentimento do Presidente.

Isso tudo aconteceu em 1937,

e ficou conhecido como o Plano Cohen.

Anotou? Que agora vamos para a terceira e última parte dessa história.

Agora, mais do que nunca,

Vargas está consolidado no poder,

concentrando cada vez mais

tudo em suas mãos.

Nessa altura do campeonato,

utilizando-se da falsa ameaça comunista,

ele fecha o Congresso e nomeia interventores em todos os Estados

com o apoio do Exército Nacional.

E é desse modo, num golpe de Estado,

com apoio popular,

que ele se manterá no poder por mais oito anos,

dando início, então, ao Governo Ditatorial

conhecido como Estado Novo.

Podemos dizer que essa é uma Ditadura Personalista.

Isso quer dizer que a legitimidade do seu governo

é por meio da personalidade "Getúlio Vergas",

a pessoa em si,

uma vez que todos os partidos políticos estavam na ilegalidade.

E no caso do Vargas,

ele consegue a legitimação da sua figura

por meio da criação do DIP, o Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda,

decretando de vez a censura no país

e assumindo o controle dos meios de comunicação,

fazendo também forte propaganda do seu governo.

Já em relação à economia,

Vargas promove a Industrialização Brasileira,

criando empresas estatais

como a Vale do Rio Doce

e a Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional, a CSN.

Essa é a primeira vez

que vemos a industrialização como uma política de Estado no Brasil.

E para esse projeto dar certo,

era necessário Vargas mediar

os conflitos entre os trabalhadores e os empresários.

Inclusive, esse vai ser um dos motivos para que ele crie

a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho,

a famosa CLT,

sigla que vocês já devem ter ouvido falar por ai e que, na verdade,

já era uma reivindicação bem antiga da classe operária,

antes mesmo da ascensão de Vargas.

A partir dai,

ele passa a ser conhecido como O Pai dos Pobres.

No entanto,

com a entrada do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial,

do lado dos Estados Unidos,

a ideia de democracia ganha força por aqui.

Os próprios militares que apoiaram o presidente

se voltam contra ele.

Era muita contradição um regime autoritário

lutando contra ditaduras fascistas na Europa.

Com a pressão de alguns setores da sociedade,

a criação de partidos e até mesmo o retorno de outros,

a oposição de Vargas chega ao seu auge.

Apesar de rolar todo um movimento

feito pelos trabalhadores para Vargas ficar, o Queremismo,

ele sofre um golpe militar em 1945

para garantir a realização de eleições.

E Eurico Gaspar Dutra,

que ameaçou contar para toda a população sobre o plano Cohen,

é eleito Presidente do Brasil.

E é assim que chega ao fim a Era Vargas,

ou pelo menos a primeira parte dela,

mas não exatamente o fim de Getúlio Vargas.

Ficou curioso, foi?

O único spoiler que a gente pode dar

é que a história de Vargas com o Brasil não acaba por aqui.

Em 1951,

ele volta para uma Season Finale digna de maratona,

mas isso fica para outro vídeo. Combinado?

Agora é só baixar esse mapa lindão aqui no link da descrição

para não esquecer de mais nenhum detalhe da Era Vargas.

E se esse conteúdo foi útil para os seus estudos,

deixe o seu like e seu comentário para a gente saber que ajudou.

E se inscreve no canal também, valeu?

E se você ainda não é estudante Descomplica,

o que está esperando

para aproveitar o link com desconto que tem na descrição?

Corre lá, cara!

Valeu, galera. Até mais!