Sparks! Mira L.Wolf-Bauwens
Summary
TLDRIn diesem Video spricht eine Philosophin von CERN über die Welt des Quantencomputings, warum wir Quantencomputer entwickeln und wie sie funktionieren. Sie diskutiert ihre Anwendungen, wie zum Beispiel die Simulation von Quantensystemen, künstliche Intelligenz und Optimierungsprobleme. Es wird auch über die Herausforderungen und Verantwortlichkeiten gesprochen, die mit der Verwendung von Quantencomputern einhergehen, und wie wir sicherstellen können, dass sie für das Wohl der Gesellschaft eingesetzt werden. Zudem wird auf die Bedeutung von Verantwortungsbewusstsein und die Notwendigkeit, den Zugang zu Quantentechnologien fair zu gestalten, hingewiesen.
Takeaways
- 🌐 Quantum Computing hat das Potenzial, komplexe globale Herausforderungen wie die Ernährung der Weltbevölkerung, den Klimawandel und die Entwicklung besserer Finanzmärkte zu lösen.
- 💡 Klassische Computer sind bei der Bewältigung dieser komplexen Probleme an ihre Grenzen gestoßen, da sie nicht in der Lage sind, die Natur genau zu simulieren.
- 🚀 Quantum Computer können Nature auf quantenphysikalischer Ebene simulieren, was für Bereiche wie Quantenchemie, Materialwissenschaften und Teilchenphysik von entscheidender Bedeutung ist.
- 🧠 In der künstlichen Intelligenz könnten Quantum Computer bei der Modelltraining, Mustererkennung und Optimierung helfen, da Optimierungsprobleme extrem schwierig sind.
- 🔵 Quantum Computer nutzen Quantenbits (Qubits), die durch das Prinzip der Quantensuperposition nicht nur 0 oder 1, sondern auch beide Zustände gleichzeitig repräsentieren können.
- 🌀 Die Macht von Quantum Computern wächst exponentiell mit der Anzahl der Qubits, da die Superposition und Verknüpfung von Qubits enorme Rechenmöglichkeiten eröffnen.
- 🛠️ Das Wachstum von Quantum Computern ist schnell und es wird erwartet, dass ab 2023 das Zeitalter der nutzbaren Quantum Computing eingeht, in dem wissenschaftliche Entdeckungen gemacht werden können.
- 🔋 Die Hardware von Quantum Computern ist beeindruckend, da sie eine große Anzahl von Qubits in sehr kleinen Chips beherbergen kann, aber auch die Qualität der Qubits und ihre Geschwindigkeit sind entscheidend.
- 💊 Ein Beispiel für die Anwendung von Quantum Computing ist die Arzneimittelentwicklung, wo Cleveland Clinic bereits einen Quantum Computer installiert hat, um in der Forschung und Lehre voranzuschreiten.
- 🌱 Quantum Computer könnten auch bei der Bewältigung des Klimawandels helfen, indem sie bei der Optimierung der Energieverteilung oder bei der Suche nach neuen Materialien für Batterien eingesetzt werden.
- 🌍 Es gibt Bedenken hinsichtlich des Zugangs zu Quantum Computing, da Investitionen und Strategien derzeit stark auf einer Seite der Erde konzentriert sind, was eine Herausforderung für globale Gleichheit darstellt.
Q & A
Was sind die Hauptgründe, warum Quantencomputer entwickelt werden?
-Quantencomputer werden entwickelt, um komplexe Probleme zu lösen, bei denen herkömmliche Computer ihre Grenzen erreichen. Sie können Naturerscheinungen genauer simulieren, was für Bereiche wie Quantenchemie, Materialwissenschaften und High-Energy-Physik von Vorteil ist.
Wie unterscheidet sich die Funktionsweise von Quantencomputern von herkömmlichen Computern?
-Quantencomputer nutzen Quantenbits (Qubits), die durch die Quantenmechanik gesteuert werden. Sie können durch das Prinzip der Superposition nicht nur 0 oder 1, sondern auch beide Zustände gleichzeitig repräsentieren.
Was bedeuten die blauen Ellipsen in der Präsentation und welche Art von Problemen werden damit angesprochen?
-Die blauen Ellipsen stellen Arten von Problemen dar, die möglicherweise heute noch nicht vorstellbar sind, aber die man in Zukunft mit Quantencomputern lösen könnte.
Wie können Quantencomputer bei der Simulation von Natursystemen helfen?
-Da die Natur nach den Gesetzen der Quantenphysik und nicht der klassischen Physik funktioniert, können Quantencomputer Natursysteme genauer simulieren als herkömmliche Computer.
Welche Anwendungen von Quantencomputern wurden in Bezug auf künstliche Intelligenz genannt?
-In der künstlichen Intelligenz könnten Quantencomputer bei der Modelltraining, Mustererkennung und Optimierung helfen, da Optimierungsprobleme sehr komplex sind und schnellere Lösungen großes Potenzial haben.
Wie wichtig ist die Kontrolle von Qubits für die Funktion von Quantencomputern?
-Die Kontrolle von Qubits ist entscheidend, um Berechnungen durchzuführen. Man nutzt Quantenschaltungen (Quantum circuits), um sie zu steuern und zu berechnen.
Was bedeutet der Begriff 'Quantenfidelität' und warum ist er wichtig?
-Quantenfidelität ist ein Maß für die Qualität der Qubits und der Schaltungen in einem Quantencomputer. Sie ist wichtig, um zu bestimmen, wie zuverlässig und korrekt die Qubits Informationen verarbeiten können.
Wie weit sind wir mit der Entwicklung von Quantencomputern und was bedeuten die verschiedenen Stufen auf der Präsentationskarte?
-Die Entwicklung von Quantencomputern ist in verschiedenen Stufen. Von der Hardwareentwicklung über die Verbesserung der Quantenfidelität bis hin zur Erreichung der 'Nützlichkeit', bei der Quantencomputer nützliche wissenschaftliche Entdeckungen ermöglichen sollen.
Was ist der Open Quantum Institute und welche Rolle spielt es bei der Förderung von Quantencomputing?
-Das Open Quantum Institute ist eine Initiative, die darauf abzielt, Quantencomputing für jeden zugänglich zu machen, Bildung zu fördern und insbesondere unter Entscheidungsträgern das Bewusstsein zu schärfen. Es trägt dazu bei, die Herausforderungen zu adressieren, die in den Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) identifiziert wurden.
Wie kann die Verantwortungsvolle Nutzung von Quantencomputing definiert werden und welche Aspekte sind dabei zu berücksichtigen?
-Verantwortungsvolles Quantencomputing beinhaltet die Überlegungen zu den Auswirkungen der Technologie, das Bewusstsein für ihre Macht, das Proaktive Verringern von möglichen Schäden in inklusiver Weise und die Überwachbarkeit und Rechenschaftspflicht.
Welche Herausforderungen müssen überwunden werden, bevor Quantencomputer Millionen von Qubits haben können?
-Einer der Hauptherausforderungen ist die Verbesserung des Verhaltens der Qubits, auch wenn sie bereits tiefgekühlt werden. Es ist notwendig, größere Systeme zu entwickeln, die zuverlässiger sind und eine höhere Quantenfidelität aufweisen.
Outlines
🌌 Einstieg in die Welt des Quantencomputing
Der Sprecher begrüßt das Publikum und betont die Bedeutung von Quantencomputing. Er führt ein, indem er die Herausforderungen der Gesellschaft wie den Klimawandel, die Nahrungsmittelproduktion und die Entwicklung neuer Medikamente anspricht, die durch klassische Computer begrenzt sind. Er stellt dar, dass Quantencomputer aufgrund ihrer Fähigkeit, die komplexen Probleme der Natur zu simulieren, die Zukunft der Problemlösung darstellen könnten.
🔬 Grundlagen des Quantencomputing
Der zweite Absatz konzentriert sich auf die grundlegenden Prinzipien des Quantencomputing, insbesondere auf das Konzept des Qubits. Der Sprecher erklärt, wie Qubits Informationen codieren können, was die Fähigkeit zur Simulierung von Quantensystemen ermöglicht. Er führt das Konzept der Quantenschränkung ein und wie dies die Potenz von Quantencomputern im Vergleich zu klassischen Computern erhöht.
🌐 Stand und Entwicklung des Quantencomputing
Der dritte Absatz beschreibt den aktuellen Stand des Quantencomputing und die zukünftigen Entwicklungen. Der Sprecher zeigt eine Roadmap, die die fortschreitende Entwicklung von Quantencomputern mit wachsenden Anzahlen an Qubits und zunehmender Leistungsfähigkeit zeigt. Er betont, dass wir in einer Ära eintreten, in der Quantencomputing für wissenschaftliche Entdeckungen von Nutzen sein kann.
💊 Anwendungen des Quantencomputing in der Gesundheitsbranche
In diesem Abschnitt werden die Anwendungen von Quantencomputing in der Gesundheitsbranche und Lebenswissenschaften erläutert. Der Sprecher erwähnt, wie Institutionen wie das Cleveland Clinic Quantencomputer einsetzen, um die Forschung in Bereichen wie Arzneimittelentwicklung und präzise Medizin voranzutreiben. Er betont auch die Bedeutung von Quantencomputing für die Optimierung von Energieverteilung und die Entwicklung neuer Materialien für Batterien.
🌱 Verantwortungsvolles Quantencomputing
Der fünfte Absatz thematisiert die Herausforderungen und Verantwortlichkeiten, die mit der Verbreitung von Quantencomputing einhergehen. Der Sprecher fordert eine verantwortungsvolle Gestaltung der Technologie, um sicherzustellen, dass alle Gesellschaften von den Vorteilen profitieren können. Er spricht sich für die Bedeutung von Zugang, Partizipation und Verantwortung aus und verweist auf Initiativen wie das Open Quantum Institute, das für den Zugang und die Bildung sensibilisiert.
🔋 Energieeffizienz und zukünftige Herausforderungen des Quantencomputing
Der letzte Absatz diskutiert die Frage der Energieeffizienz von Quantencomputern und die Herausforderungen, die die Entwicklung dieser Technologie begleiten. Der Sprecher erwähnt, dass es um die Optimierung von Energieverbrauch geht und dass es Bemühungen gibt, um einen 'Quanten-Energie-Vorteil' zu definieren, der nicht nur die Geschwindigkeit, sondern auch die Energieeffizienz von Quantencomputern berücksichtigt.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Quantencomputer
💡Superposition
💡Quantenalgorithmus
💡Quantenchemie
💡Quantenverschlüsselung
💡Quantenüberlagerung
💡Quantenfehlerkorrektur
💡Quantenvorteil
💡Quantenhardware
💡Quantensoftware
Highlights
Introduction to quantum computing and its potential impact on society.
Quantum computers' ability to address complex problems that classical computers cannot.
The current limitations of classical computers in tackling global challenges like climate crisis and drug discovery.
Visualization of problem-solving capacity: classical computers vs. quantum computers.
Quantum computers' potential to simulate quantum systems accurately.
The concept of qubits and their ability to exist in a state of superposition.
Exponential growth in computing power due to quantum physics principles like superposition and entanglement.
Quantum circuits as a method for controlling and calculating with qubits.
The roadmap for quantum computing development from 2019 to beyond 2026.
Entering the era of utility quantum computing for scientific discoveries.
Physical appearance and architecture of a 433 qubit quantum chip named Osprey.
Importance of considering scale, quality, and speed when evaluating quantum computers.
Quantum computing's role in healthcare and life sciences, particularly drug discovery.
Cleveland Clinic's investment in quantum computing for research and education.
The potential of quantum computing in addressing the climate crisis and optimizing energy distribution.
The global disparity in access to quantum computing and the need for responsible development.
The Open Quantum Institute's mission to make quantum computing accessible and educate about its potential.
Challenges and bottlenecks in scaling up quantum computers for broader use.
The energy efficiency of quantum computers compared to classical computers.
The potential for quantum computing to optimize and revolutionize financial markets.
Transcripts
[Music]
[Applause]
good evening everyone what a pleasure to
be here a philosopher at CERN I think
that's a great place to meet um I'm very
excited to dive with you into the world
of quantum Computing into why we build
and develop quantum computers what we
use them for how they work and also how
we can make sure that as Society we can
use them in a way that they that we all
can profit from
them so as you know as society as a
whole we have a number of tremendous
challenges that we're facing from
feeding feeding the world feeding the
world's population the climate crisis
better stable markets better um
financial markets to drug Discovery
something that is currently relatively
slow as we unfortunately had to
experience over the last years these
problems are so challenging because
they're incredibly complex they're
actually so complex that with our
classic computers they're coming to the
limits and as you know the classical
computers that we're having they're huge
so there's something about these types
of problems that makes them specific
that with our classical computers some
of them we can't even address just by
the nature of how some of them work so
just by the nature of how nature works
so to look a little bit closer into the
kinds of problems what they are and why
which ones we can address and which ones
we can't address I find this graphic
really really helpful so if you think of
all the types of problems that we're
having the types of problems that we can
address today with classical computers
are in the middle those are the white
problems as you can see it's a
relatively small subset then there's a
huge typ area
of problems in the light blue which are
the problems that we can't address
adequately today and then there's the
blue ellipses which is the types of
problems that we hope to be able to
address with quantum computers and it's
not because I'm really bad at PowerPoint
that the ellipses actually spend into
the dark but it spend into the dark
because there might be a type of problem
that we can't even think of today that
we will be able to address with quantum
computers so you've seen that there
really is a number of large complex
problems that we hope to address with
quantum computers so what might these
be I can tell you the numbers in the
white in the middle in the white those
the types of problems are things like
writing emails number crunching
potentially streaming Netflix rewatching
this talk at some point but the types of
problems that are in the dark blue are
problems like this so they range from
simulating Quantum
systems As We Know the nature doesn't
behave according to the laws of
classical physics they behave it behaves
according to the laws of quantum physics
so with classical computers we cannot
simulate nature accurately we do need
quantum computers for that so that's one
big area and that's bends to areas such
as quantum chemistry Material Sciences
and high energy physics a place that we
find us in here um there's also
potential applications in the area of
artificial intelligence where we can
potentially do better model training
pattern recognition and also in the area
of optimization as you know optimization
problems are very very challenging
problems and
so optimizing doing those uh
optimization problems faster has huge
potentials but okay seeing what we could
do with quantum computers and what
classic computers aren't adequate for of
course this raises the question well
what is it then about quantum computers
that makes them so
special the answer the basic principles
of the answer lies in this uh two sides
of the graphic on the one hand side you
see what we call a cubit so you know
that In classical Computing we compute
with bits bits we can represent
information in form of one and zero but
with cubits we can harness the
principles of quantum physics and can
actually represent not only one and zero
but also one and zero at the same
time so one and zero at the same time
that uses the principle of superposition
what is that how might that work there's
a nice analogy that you can use to think
of it think of tossing a coin you have
the coin on your on your hand on the
palm of your hand um and there you
measure it it's either either zero or
one then you throw it into the air and
while it's in the air you can't tell is
it zero or one it's in a state of
superposition you could say when it
lands back in your hand it's again
either zero or one or either heads or
tails in that case and so you've
measured it
and you can think of it similarly when
you hear superposition it's a similar
principle and so we can actually encode
information in those States so with a
cubid we have twice the amount of
information that we can encode and if we
add multiple cubits to another which
we're doing in a Quantum circuit then
this aspect this phenomenon actually
grows exponentially and since the past
two years I don't have to explain
exponential growth to you anymore so you
can imagine what exponential power we're
having in using quantum computers and
harnessing some of the princip of
quantum physics as a superposition
entanglement and of course more the
question then is well how can we control
these cubits because in order to
calculate with them such as with
classical computers we need to control
them and also tell them how actually
calculate with them and this is what we
call Quantum circuits it's another term
for just a Quantum algorithm so we put
them in a certain order we tell them um
certain ways to behave and then we can
measure them at the end and this is how
we then read out uh our measurements and
our the result of our calculation so
this is the basic princip of quantum
Computing and don't worry this is not
going to go into a lecture but gives you
some of the basic principles what that
allows you to understand why they're so
powerful and why we're so excited um
about them so the next question and of
course is well okay that sounds fine but
where are we are is that theory do we
have them what what's what's the road
ahead and you you're noticing that we're
really exploring Uncharted territories
here and for any exploration
typically what you take with you is a
map and typically this map also looks
relatively messy because um it it has a
lot of details on the map so I've
brought with you a map that we're using
to explore the territory of quantum and
as promised it looks a little bit messy
or at least very busy um but don't worry
we go through it um uh in detail uh I'll
I'll help you how to read this map so
start at the bottom in the dark blue
this is where you can see the hardware
so you see one of the the cubits or
actually in the first one you see 27
cubits on a chip this is what we started
with 2019 this is actually when we put
the first quantum computer on the cloud
so if you had tried to use a quantum
computer in 2019 you could have used
them via cloud and then since then we've
progressed and if you go to the top you
see the timeline and so you see that in
2022 um we've released uh a 433 Cubit
system so you see that the systems are
growing the number of cubits on the
chips are growing and then you can see
also from today uh 2023 2024 and to
Beyond
2026 what you can see and what I want to
draw you attention to as well is to the
top you can see that starting this uh
this year we're really entering the era
of utility Quantum Computing so we're
entering the error where we can use
quantum Computing for useful scientific
discoveries
it's we're entering the era we're at the
beginning that's very important to
mention but you can see that also as
we're growing the systems and making um
significant advances in the Middle where
and I won't go into detail there we
really are getting towards um further
advancements on all of the levels so
when you wonder you know where are we
with Quantum Computing what's the map or
what's the road map ahead think of
something like this and this is actually
publicly available and we're accountable
to it um and so far we we've achieved
every step of it so it seems to be a
reliable map as well so I've I've shown
you sort of a a picture of a cubit what
it might look like but I also want to
show you what a cubid and what cubits
actually look like on a chip so the chip
from that we've released last year this
is Osprey um is a 433 Cubit chip and you
can think of it um looking like this if
you kind of opened it up and looked at
it from the site and this is the you can
see the architecture and how the cubits
are arranged on that ship but often when
you hear about Quantum Computing you
hear and it's very impressive also the
number of cubits on a chip I mean
consider that this chip is just a tiny
bit larger than a penny coin so it's
very very
impressive however there's other
elements that you need to bear in mind
when you're considering the performance
of a quantum computer and this is
something I would really ask you to take
away with you because often we get stuck
in conversations about uh quantum
computers and the number of cubits but
really what matters is on the one hand
the scale the number of quantum cubits
but how these cubits
behave the as we're cooling down our
quantum computers to minus 270 degrees
so to colder than outer space we're
already doing quite a lot for them to
behave to control them but they still do
misbehave at times so we need something
we need the quality a measure for we
have a measure for a quality which is
about the Fidelity of the cubits and the
circuits as well and then of course as
you know with any computation there's
speed you don't want to run a
computation wait forever and and just
get bored waiting forever so those are
the three aspects you should actually
look at when you're
wondering where are we with quantum
computers are there good quantum
computers so going back to why do we
build them so I've told you we have a
number of complex problems I've told you
only a few maybe the most important ones
maybe not but a few really really
important ones that as a society we're
grappling with and I want to focus on uh
the the one in drug Discovery and in
healthcare and Life Sciences so you
heard that quantum computers can
simulate nature so naturally it's it's
natural to think of okay where do we
simulating nature that's in the area of
healthare and life sciences and there is
institutions such as hospitals that also
do research one of the largest ones
actually is uh in the United States is
Cleveland Clinic it's a very large
institution that does research
research but also is a hospital itself
the Cleveland Clinic is known to be an
institution that does leading Healthcare
and Life Sciences research and also to
do education and they decided that if
they want to be ahead and be able to
continue driving the research in the
area of healthcare and Life Sciences
they also need to be had with
Technologies so actually Cleveland
Clinic has decided to buy a quantum
computer and this is not science fiction
they've not only decided to buy a
quantum computer they've also actually
already installed the quantum computer
so if you walk to the cafeteria of the
Cleveland Clinic you can see
this so there's a working quantum
computer with 127 cubits and they'll get
the louter chip as well that they use
for their research and they also use for
educational
purposes so the types of problems
they're looking into are very similar to
the types of problems that I've uh
discussed before they're simulating
nature so for drug Discovery for
diagnostics for precision medicine
processing dat large complex data and of
of course also search and optimization
and you have those also in healthcare
process optimization or population
Health Management so this is in the area
of healthcare and life sciences and it's
very much happening right now over in
the United
States another area that challenges us
is the climate crisis and as we know
we're trying to move away from
traditional cars to electric vehicles
but we also know that one of the
challenges is that with electric
vehicles um the Grits actually that
they're peaking because we're using
we're charging them overnight and so we
have peaks in the usage of the energy um
and that's not ideal and as a energy
supplier and one of them is Eon uh you
might have heard of they're really
interested in having um an optimized way
of how the energy is distributed across
the grid and so they're actually looking
into using Quantum this is a incredibly
complex um operation an incredibly
complex optimization problem so they're
looking into using quantum computers to
see whether they can optimize the way
that energy is being used in the grids
another that is also related to the
climate change and also in some way
related to electric vehicles and using
more
batteries um is from this car man
manufacturer you might know that
batteries currently they're very heavy
they don't last as long as we would like
them to so they need to be lighter and
last much longer and for that we need to
discover new materials and so this
company is looking into discovering new
materials with Quantum Computing so
again we're going back to simul in
nature to see whether there's better
materials for the use in
batteries so I think this makes really
clear what the potential of quantum
Computing is and that the prospect of
the being able to address these really
challenging problems is really
fascinating however there's one
challenge that we have as a globe and
that is how who has access to Quantum
Computing who partakes in the research
of quantum computing and ultimately also
who will benefit from these tremendous
benefits that I think we would all want
to benefit from if we look at Who
currently invests into Quantum Computing
and who currently across the globe has a
Quantum Computing strategy we see
something like this picture and as you
can see the picture is colored very
heavily on one side of the globe and not
so much on another side of the globe and
this is a challenge I mean that we're
seeing with digitalization in general
and the risk that we're seeing with
Quantum the good thing is that with
Quantum we're early on so with Quantum
we're so early on that we actually can
do things differently and this is why
we're doing research into responsible
Quantum Computing so responsible
Computing understood as Computing that
is considering the implications of the
technology that is aware of the power of
its effects that is looking into um
mitigating the potential Harms of
quantum Computing proactively in an
inclusive manner uh looking into
accessibility and accountability and so
overall to be guided by principles of
responsible technology
development and this is really as I
mentioned we're really early on so we
used to we're at the beginning of the
era of quantum Computing so it's really
really high time that we think about
this because we can be practive with
other Technologies we're running behind
we we had to see what had to go wrong
first and then we come up with Solutions
with Quantum Computing we have the
opportunity to really learn from that
and to not make mistakes again so we can
be really proactive and also everyone in
the community we're all working on this
because we we want Quantum to be used
for good none of us is working on this
and there's a lot of hard work as you
can imagine being put into this none of
us do this so that they misused so as a
community we're really interested and
also having quantum computers used in a
very responsible way and we also finally
have the uh as a moral philosopher we
have the moral obligation also to do so
to consider the implications to consider
what is happening outside of the lab and
fortunately I'm speaking today at CERN
because there's actually a wonderful
initiative that was born not far away
from here at Jester and is now hosted at
CERN which is the open Quantum Institute
the open Quantum Institute that was just
announced very recently or launched very
recently about a month ago has the
mission to make Quantum Computing
accessible for everyone to to grow
education to grow the awareness
especially also among policy makers and
to make sure that in addressing these
most complex problems we're addressing
those that have already been identified
as being the most complex problems
namely those um that we addressing
within the
SGS so this is a very real initiative
that is happening that is starting to
address the challenge that I've
mentioned so coming to to to conclude
you've seen that with Quantum Computing
there's a lot of potential we can
improve nitrogen fixation to uh for
creating ammonia based fertilizers we
can find potentially find new materials
to better St store uh carbon we can find
better Financial models for um a more
improved financial markets and we can
find discover new class of antibiotics
new classes of drugs um that we urgently
need
if you now think well this sounds a lot
of the future this sounds very Rosy then
I'll just leave you with this and I
think you're thinking too
classically thank you thank you Mira
um you showed us this chart that is is
now somewhere between 500 and 1,000
cubits for a computer right that's the
current State ofthe
art when we think of a really powerful
quantum computer we're talking about
million of millions of cubits so what
are the bottlenecks that uh that we need
to break through before getting there
yeah so I I've alluded to one of them
which is the way that the cubits behave
so although we already cool them down
they still we call that them being noisy
which effectively we mean that they
don't quite behave the way we want
and so not only do we have to build
larger systems but we also need to build
larger systems that are reli reliable so
that's why I mentioned the Fidelity um
and so that that is an engineering
challenge that we need to overcome so
it's it's really uh one where we need
breakthroughs um and we're making
breakthroughs on a sort of daily basis
to overcome this engineering challenge
um another challenge then also is in
making sure that when we're using
quantum computers we're really using
we're finding the right problems to use
them for now so so we're working
actually we're partnering with a lot of
Institutions um to to make sure that as
we have these um as we sort of
chartering into those territories and as
we're starting to be able to really use
them that we're using them at that
moment for the right problems and not
using them for something that is not
actually relevant how flexible is a
quantum computer I mean what I
understand is is not updatable for
example if I buy one now and I put it in
my
cafeteria uh it looks cool no doubt it
looks cool I will impress my friends
but I cannot just download another piece
of software in six months and update it
uh so how how specific are they to
specific tasks uh no the so we're
building actually so the the aim is to
build Universal uh full Char on quantum
computers um so there's a lot of work
going on of course with the software and
the middleware to improve that but but
it's it's really it's it's kind of I
think you need to change the way you ask
that question as well and thinking to
because you come with a problem that is
relevant for quantum computer and so you
know how to you need to of course um
address it in ways or kind of uh put it
in ways that is being that it can be run
on a quantum computer and then you you
can run it so you use a different
software it's a software for instance we
call kkit it's an open source software
as well um that you can use um but yeah
you need to kind of make sure you've
find found a problem so if if you came
and wanted to crunch numbers or write
emails with a quantum computer I hope
someone would tell you very early on to
not do not do that uh just out of
curiosity the quantum computer we saw
from Cleveland what's the price range
for a machine like that I've have no I
work in research I don't sell these
things wrong person I suspect I suspect
is in the in the several million but uh
uh going back to the question that he
had before uh so there is the aspect of
using quantum computers to uh optimize
for example electric distribution etc
etc there's also the aspect of quantum
computers using a lot of resources and
energy right uh the machine we saw is
probably I don't know three cubic meters
in size but the actual computer is
something like this yeah so all the rest
is wiring Cooling and supporting
Machinery uh we we've heard a lot in the
last year and a half since you know chbt
and other AI systems came into into the
public space that uh the energy use of
data centers and AI is growing
exponentially what is the game here in
terms of energy use so there's sort of
two parts the reason that we're looking
into finding using quantum computers for
optimization problems or for simulation
is so that we can actually run these
types of problems that we're currently
running on sort of inefficient classical
Hardware that we can run them more
efficiently that's one part and the
second part is also so we've heard of so
we're looking for Quantum Advantage so
we're looking for when a quantum
computer has an advantage in in solving
a problem over a classical computer but
there's also an initiative that is
looking into Quantum energy Advantage so
the idea here is to create a benchmark
where not only we're looking that a
problem is being solved faster but also
that it's being solved in a more energy
efficient way and so this is actually um
something that I think most of most of
the community is currently looking at
and doing active Research into because
of course the question is as quantum
computers will run in sync with
classical comp computers so you you
can't think of one or the other you will
use them together so the question is if
you want to measure that and Benchmark
that where do you start do you do you
kind of dissolve the the quantum
calculation from the classical
calculation do you take it from start to
the end and so it's currently a very
active research to look into how do we
measure that how we actually say how
much energy is being used and so this is
an initiative that's actually not far
from here from grob uh from the cnrs um
that is looking that's called the
quantum energy initiative that is
looking into establishing exactly that
and how to measure that okay was the
same question and you have a question
please stand
up hi yeah it's okay um really happy
that you uh gave the example of
financial markets potentially using
Quantum
technology um so I know that Banks um in
some cases are quite dependent still on
Legacy systems um for very ious reasons
so for these institutions to effectively
leverage Quantum
technology what what what kind of
changes are you expecting to see at like
an Enterprise operating model for these
Banks to be able to effectively use this
and like on a high level how would you
go about building a capability to use
quantum data analytics for example yeah
I think it's a very excellent question
so I'll try to be quick and the how we
could talk hours about this question um
but basically so the the important sort
of underlying assumption is that with
Quantum it's going to be integrated into
the at infrastructure so ideally as an
end user who's not responsible for
running the uh who's not sort of at the
quantum computer and making sure the
integration is happening you're not
really noticing you don't have to
necessarily know is this being run on on
um classical or is this being run on
Quantum however at this point in time
when you're trying to integrate you're
trying to also find out what are the
most relevant problems it is really and
this is something we we're seeing
happening and it's on app Skilling so I
mentioned that there's a certain
software which is kuit and it's on
learning this and so the how is to
starting right now on upskilling to to
understand how how to um transfer your
your your problem into a problem that
can be run on a quantum computer and to
really start with small problems that
you can use the machines for now I mean
every Bank could log onto the cloud and
use the right now um to then when we
have the larger systems to really be
able to harness the potential um and so
yeah I think that this is something um
sort of it's really across as awareness
building so that the entirety of
financial institutions also understand
what the relevance is and can use it um
the moment the systems are at the uh
utility scale from the main frame to the
quantum computer in a single leap okay
Mira thank you very much Ro
M thank
you
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