蜜蜂是如何定位花朵位置的? | TIC觅见丛邻 | 4K UHD

Summary

春天来临，勤劳的小蜜蜂们再次忙碌起来。它们如何找到花朵的方向并通知同伴？蜜蜂能看到我们看不见的紫外线，通过特殊的“花蜜指南”找到花蜜。它们的视觉与嗅觉相结合，准确区分不同的花。蜜蜂通过舞蹈语言传递花蜜的确切位置，即使在阴天也能依靠偏振光导航。这些复杂的机制使蜜蜂能够高效地定位花朵并收集花蜜，制作甜美的蜂蜜。

Takeaways

• 🌸 春天来临，勤劳的小蜜蜂开始忙碌起来，它们在花丛中穿梭，寻找花蜜。
• 🌬️ 风媒花通过风传播花粉，而昆虫媒花则依靠昆虫传播花粉，蜜蜂是其中重要的传粉昆虫。
• 👀 蜜蜂的视觉与人类不同，它们能够看到紫外线，这帮助它们发现花蜜导向标记。
• 💐 花蜜导向标记（Nectar Guides）在紫外线下特别明显，指引蜜蜂找到花蜜的位置。
• 😋 蜜蜂通过触角的嗅觉感受器来嗅闻花朵，结合视觉和嗅觉来准确区分不同的花。
• 🎶 蜜蜂通过舞蹈语言与同伴沟通，传递花蜜来源的确切位置。
• 🕺 蜜蜂的舞蹈包括摇摆舞和圆舞，通过不同的舞步传达花蜜源距离和方向。
• 🌧️ 在阳光被遮挡的情况下，蜜蜂依靠偏振光来确定太阳的方向，继续导航。
• 📍 初次出巢的蜜蜂会在蜂巢周围飞行，熟悉环境，之后通过留下信息素来指导同伴。
• 🍯 蜜蜂依靠视觉、嗅觉和舞蹈语言的协同作用，高效地定位花朵并收集花蜜，制作甜美的蜂蜜。

Q & A

春天来临，蜜蜂开始忙碌，它们是如何找到花朵的方向并告知同伴的？

蜜蜂通过视觉和嗅觉来寻找花朵。它们能看到紫外线光，这帮助它们看到花朵上的花蜜导向，同时通过触角嗅觉花朵的不同部分。找到花朵后，通过舞蹈语言与同伴沟通花蜜的确切位置。

风媒花和虫媒花有什么不同？

风媒花通常花朵小且无香味，通过风力传播花粉。而虫媒花色彩鲜艳且有强烈的香味，依靠昆虫传播花粉，蜜蜂是这类花朵的重要传粉昆虫。

蜜蜂的可见光范围与人类有何区别？

蜜蜂可见光范围与人类不同，它们的光谱范围向紫外线区域偏移，能看到人类看不到的更短波长的紫外线光，但看不到红光，对蜜蜂来说红光是黑色的。

蜜蜂如何通过舞蹈语言传达花蜜的位置？

蜜蜂返回蜂巢后，会在巢脾上进行规律的舞蹈。前进时的摇摆动作表示花蜜源距离蜂巢的距离，摇摆持续时间越长，距离越远。蜜蜂头部指向与重力线垂直的角度代表蜂巢与太阳和花蜜源之间的连线角度。

蜜蜂如何识别不同的花朵？

蜜蜂通过视觉和嗅觉的协同作用来识别不同的花朵。它们可以看到花朵上的花蜜导向，并用触角嗅觉花朵，准确区分不同的花。

蜜蜂如何利用紫外线光找到花蜜？

蜜蜂可以看到紫外线光，许多花朵在紫外线下会显示出特别的标记，称为花蜜导向。这些导向帮助蜜蜂轻松找到花蜜的位置。

蜜蜂在阴雨天如何确定太阳的方向？

蜜蜂依靠天空中的偏振光来确定太阳的方向。它们复眼后面的区域可以感知偏振光，从而在阴雨天也能根据太阳的位置导航。

蜜蜂如何通过触角感知花朵？

蜜蜂的触角上有嗅觉感受器，当蜜蜂降落在花朵上时，会用触角嗅闻，感受花朵不同部分的香味。

蜜蜂如何使用太阳导航？

蜜蜂通过观察天空中的偏振光模式来确定太阳的位置，即使在太阳被云层遮挡的情况下也能准确导航。

蜜蜂如何标记近距离的花蜜源？

如果花蜜源离蜂巢很近，蜜蜂会进行圆舞和新月舞。通过这种舞蹈，它们可以告知同伴花蜜源的位置。

蜜蜂如何留下信息指引其他蜜蜂？

找到花蜜后，蜜蜂会在巢门前留下信息素，这些信息素来自它们腹部的气味囊，用来指示其他同伴前往花蜜源。

蜜蜂的舞蹈语言是如何被发现的？

蜜蜂的舞蹈语言是由奥地利生物学家卡尔·冯·弗里希发现的，他因此获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，以表彰他对蜜蜂行为学的研究。

Outlines

00:00

🐝 蜜蜂如何找到花朵并传递信息

本段介绍了蜜蜂在春天忙碌地寻找花朵的过程。首先，通过区分风媒花和虫媒花，解释了蜜蜂主要通过视觉和嗅觉来寻找散发香气的花朵。蜜蜂能看到紫外线光，这帮助它们通过花朵上的花蜜引导（Nectar Guides）来定位花蜜。此外，蜜蜂和人类的视觉光谱有所不同，它们能够看到人类看不到的紫外线。蜜蜂依靠视觉和嗅觉的结合来准确区分不同的花朵。最后，通过舞蹈语言，蜜蜂能够在蜂巢中向其他蜜蜂传达花蜜的确切位置，包括距离和方向，即使在阴天也能通过感应偏振光来导航。

05:01

💃 蜜蜂的舞蹈语言和导航技巧

这一段详细描述了蜜蜂如何通过舞蹈语言来传递花蜜源的位置信息。蜜蜂在蜂巢上进行特定的摇摆舞动，通过摇摆的时间和角度来传达距离和方向。其他工蜂通过触摸来感知舞蹈信息。在阴天或雨天，蜜蜂会利用偏振光的特性来确定太阳的位置，从而导航。此外，新出巢的蜜蜂会通过飞行熟悉周围环境，并留下信息素来指引同伴。这些方法共同确保了蜜蜂能够有效地定位花朵并收集花蜜。

Keywords

💡春季

春季是一年四季之一，标志着自然界从冬季的休眠中苏醒，万物开始生长。在视频中，春季的到来象征着蜜蜂开始忙碌的采集花蜜，为人类提供甜美的蜂蜜。

💡蜜蜂

蜜蜂是一种社会性昆虫，以采集花蜜和花粉为生，同时在采集过程中帮助植物进行授粉。蜜蜂具有高度发达的社会结构和沟通方式，对生态系统起着至关重要的作用。

💡风媒花

风媒花是指依靠风力来传播花粉的植物，这类花朵通常花朵较小，没有明显的香味或颜色，它们通过风力将花粉传播到其他植物上，完成授粉过程。

💡虫媒花

虫媒花是依靠昆虫来传播花粉的植物，这类花朵通常颜色鲜艳、香味浓郁，以吸引昆虫前来授粉。蜜蜂是虫媒花的重要授粉者之一。

💡紫外线

紫外线是电磁波谱中波长较短的光线，人眼无法直接看到。但蜜蜂可以看到紫外线，这使得它们能够看到人类看不到的花蜜导向标记，帮助它们更准确地找到花蜜。

💡花蜜导向标记

花蜜导向标记是花朵上的特定标记，通常在紫外线下可见，这些标记指引蜜蜂找到花蜜的位置。这是花朵吸引蜜蜂等传粉昆虫的一种适应性特征。

💡嗅觉

嗅觉是生物通过感受空气中化学物质的气味来获取信息的能力。蜜蜂依靠嗅觉来识别不同花朵的香味，与视觉协同工作，以准确区分不同的花。

💡舞蹈语言

舞蹈语言是蜜蜂用来与同伴沟通的一种复杂行为，通过特定的舞蹈动作传达花蜜来源的方向和距离等信息。

💡太阳的位置

太阳的位置是指太阳在天空中的相对位置，蜜蜂能够通过感知太阳的位置来导航。即使在阴天，蜜蜂也能通过天空中的偏振光模式来确定太阳的方位。

💡工蜂

工蜂是蜜蜂群体中的主要劳动力，负责采集花蜜、花粉、清洁蜂巢、喂养幼虫等多种工作。工蜂通过与蜂群中的其他成员合作，确保蜂群的生存和繁衍。

💡信息传递

信息传递是指生物之间通过某种方式交流和分享信息的过程。在蜜蜂社会中，信息传递对于寻找食物资源、避免危险和维持群体秩序至关重要。

Highlights

春季来临，勤劳的小蜜蜂又开始忙碌了

蜜蜂如何找到花朵的方向并告知同伴

常见的开花植物中，有一种小而不显眼的花，称为风媒花

另一种花，色彩鲜艳且香味浓郁，依靠昆虫传播花粉，称为虫媒花

蜜蜂是传播虫媒花花粉的重要昆虫

蜜蜂能看到我们看不见的紫外线光

通过紫外线相机，我们可以观察到蜜蜂眼中的世界

蜜蜂眼中的世界与我们不同，它们可以看到紫外线下的花蜜导向

蜜蜂的可见光谱与人类有所不同，它们可以看到更短波长的紫外线

蜜蜂依靠视觉和嗅觉共同识别花朵

蜜蜂的嗅觉感受器位于触角上，通过触角嗅闻花朵

花朵的色彩和香味是为了吸引昆虫传粉，而非取悦人类

蜜蜂通过舞蹈语言与同伴沟通花源的确切位置

舞蹈中的摇摆动作表示花源与蜂巢的距离

蜜蜂头部指向的角度代表花源与太阳的相对位置

蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂巢内部依靠触觉传递舞蹈信息

蜜蜂通过极化光来确定太阳的方向，即使在雨天也能导航

蜜蜂出巢后会绕蜂巢飞行，熟悉周围环境

蜜蜂通过释放信息素来指示其他同伴

蜜蜂通过视觉、嗅觉和舞蹈语言的合作高效地定位花朵和采集花蜜

Transcripts

Spring has come

The diligent little bees are getting busy again

Among the flowers

we can always see them

But how

can bees find the orientation of these flowers

and inform their co-workers?

To answer this question

Let's start with flowers

Among common flowering plants in our lives

there is a class

with little flowers

that have no scent

not noticeable at all

They produce a lot of pollen

through wind

they spread the pollen

This kind of flower is generally called wind-pollinated flower

And another kind of flower

with bright colors

and strong fragrance

They rely on insects to spread their pollen

we usually call them entomophilous flowers

while the bees

are the important insects that pollinate these entomophilous flowers

Then

How can bees find the location of these fragrant flowers?

This is a common cell phone

turn on the camera

The images it can capture

are almost the same as what the human eye sees

The world in the eyes of bees

and what we saw

are not quite the same

Bees can see ultraviolet light we can't see

so

to see the world through the eyes of bees

we need a UV camera

We have a UV camera here

compared to a normal camera

it can image UV light

and let these invisible colors

be presented

Through UV camera

we can see objects that reflect and absorb ultraviolet light

Just like the sunscreen we usually use

It appears almost colorless to the naked eye

and many flowers

in fact, are playing by this principle

Under UV light

these flowers are actually different from what we see with the naked eye

These black marks that are especially visible under UV light

are called Nectar Guides

nectar marker

These special marks

tell the bees

where nectar is

The bees then follow the mark

to find the location of nectar on flowers easily

When the bees find these marks

they will stick out their mouthpart

and suck the nectar

This is the spectral range visible to the human eye

And this is the visible light spectrum of bees

We can see that

the visible light spectrum of bees

compared to the visible range of the human eye

has a certain offset

Visible light spectrum of the human eye

ranges from long-wavelength red light to short-wavelength violet light

The visible light spectrum of honeybees is shifted to the ultraviolet region

That is to say

for bees

They can see ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than the violet light that the human eye cannot see

But no red light

red light

in the eyes of bees

is black

but only by sight

many flowers

are so similar

for bees to distinguish

If they can't tell the difference between different flowers

their working efficiency will decrease 85 00:03:34,050 --> 00:03:34,575 so

they need another sense

to identify flowers collaboratively

That's the sense of smell

Bees' olfactory receptors

are on their tentacles

When a bee lands on a flower

it often uses tentacles to sniff flowers

to feel the scent of different parts of the flower

With the both of sight and smell

they can accurately distinguish different flowers

This collaborative approach

is just like how human taste and smell work together to distinguish different foods

So

the color and fragrance of these entomophilous flowers

are not meant to please humans

but to attract these insects to pollinate

When the bees have found these flowers

in the following days

their sisters

will visit these flowers frequently

Then

how can they synchronize the flowers' location

to their sisters?

This involves one of the most amazing means of communication in the insect world - dance language

After returning to the hive, bees that have collected nectar outside

will do a regular dance for the sisters

on their nest

This dance is special

It is actually the language of communication between bees

This dance conveys

the exact location of the nectar

The rocking motion when moving forward

indicates the distance from the nectar source to the hive

The longer the swing lasts

the farther the distance is

The angle formed by the direction the bee's head points

and the vertical line of gravity

represents the angle formed by the connection between the beehive and the sun and the nectar source at that time

Messages conveyed by other bees through dance

can accurately calculate the location of the nectar source

While dancing

a few other worker bees on the side

will also move along

This is because

under normal conditions, the inside of the hive

is almost completely dark

So bees can only rely on touch

to convey dance information

The trajectory of this dance is

like arabic number 8

So some people call it the number 8 dance

But not all dances are like number 8.

If it is a nectar source very close to the hive

they'll do the circle dance and the crescent dance

After the communication is completed

bee sisters

will come out of the nest

to the direction pointed

for nectar

If it is rainy

and the sun is blocked

how do they determine the direction of the sun?

At this time

they rely on

polarized light

We have learned in physics textbooks that

when natural light reflects off surfaces such as water

the reflected light can be viewed as polarized light

Polarized light has a certain direction of vibration

So we can use a polarizer

by rotating the polarizer

to reduce or even completely block the transmission of polarized light

to eliminate reflections

When sunlight scatters through the atmosphere

the sky has a certain polarization characteristic

Differences in the position of the sun

will cause patternized changes in the polarized light in the sky

The area behind the bees compound eyes can sense polarized light

to determine the direction of the sun

so

even if it is rainy

bees are also able to navigate

according to the position of the sun

These we mentioned

are just part of the way bees can locate flowers

For example, there are bees that come out of the nest for the first time

flying around the beehive

to get familiar with the surroundings

After finding nectar, bees can leave pheromones

in front of the nest

from the odor sac in their lower abdomen

to instruct other partners, etc.

There are even many methods that we have not yet thoroughly studied.

It is with the cooperation of

vision, smell and dance language

that bees can locate flowers

and collect nectar efficiently

to produce sweet honey