Jean PIAGET - COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT | Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Operational, and Formal Stage

Summary

This script discusses Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory, outlining the stages of cognitive growth from infancy to adulthood. It explains cognition as the ability to process information from the external world, highlighting three key processes: organization, equilibrium, and adaptation. The script describes four developmental stages: sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational, detailing how children's understanding evolves from simple perceptions to complex abstract thinking. It emphasizes the importance of nurturing cognitive skills through play and exploration, and the video concludes with an invitation to join the channel for deeper dives into psychological topics.

Takeaways

• 🧠 Cognition is the ability to process information from the external world and is crucial for interaction and survival.
• 👶 The cognitive development theory by John Piaget outlines how cognition develops from infancy to adulthood.
• 🔄 Three fundamental processes of cognition are organization, equilibrium, and adaptation.
• 👶🏻 The sensory-motor stage (0-2 years) is where infants learn through their senses and motor skills, developing an understanding of object permanence.
• 🧩 The pre-operational stage (2-7 years) introduces symbolic thinking, language, and pretend play, but children are still egocentric.
• 🔄 The concrete operational stage (7-11 years) sees children develop logical thinking and problem-solving skills related to tangible objects.
• 💭 The formal operational stage (12+ years) allows adolescents to think abstractly, consider hypothetical scenarios, and engage in metacognition.
• 🌟 Piaget's theory emphasizes that cognitive development is not instantaneous but a gradual process with distinct stages.
• 🌐 As we age, our cognitive schemas become more complex, reflecting a deeper understanding of multiple perspectives and approaches to reality.
• 🔑 The complexity of human cognition is a significant contribution of Piaget's work, highlighting the journey from simple to complex thought processes.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the script?

The main topic discussed in the script is John Piaget's cognitive development theory, which explains how human cognition develops from infancy to adulthood.

What are the three processes that Piaget suggests are fundamental to cognitive development?

The three processes fundamental to cognitive development according to Piaget are organization, equilibrium, and adaptation.

How does the concept of 'schema' relate to cognitive development?

In cognitive development, 'schema' refers to mental frameworks or structures that help individuals organize and interpret information from their experiences.

What is the significance of the 'sensory-motor stage' in Piaget's theory?

The 'sensory-motor stage' is significant as it is the first stage of cognitive development, where infants learn to understand and interact with the world through their senses and motor actions.

What is the difference between 'assimilation' and 'accommodation' in Piaget's theory?

In Piaget's theory, 'assimilation' is the process of incorporating new information into existing schemas without changing them, while 'accommodation' involves altering schemas to fit new information.

Why are children considered 'egocentric' during the pre-operational stage?

Children are considered 'egocentric' during the pre-operational stage because they perceive the world only from their own perspective, unable to understand that others may have different viewpoints.

What is the 'concrete operational stage' and what are its key features?

The 'concrete operational stage' is a developmental stage where children begin to think logically and solve problems, but their thinking is still tied to concrete objects and real-life situations rather than abstract concepts.

How does Piaget define the 'formal operational stage'?

Piaget defines the 'formal operational stage' as the final stage of cognitive development where adolescents can think abstractly, reason hypothetically, and engage in metacognition.

What is the role of play and language in the cognitive development of children?

Play and language play crucial roles in cognitive development as they provide children with opportunities to practice new skills, express themselves symbolically, and expand their understanding of the world.

How does Piaget's theory suggest that cognitive development is not a sudden event but a process?

Piaget's theory suggests that cognitive development is a process because it involves a series of stages, each characterized by the refinement of schemas and the ability to handle increasingly complex information and abstract thinking.

What is 'metacognition' and how does it relate to the formal operational stage?

Metacognition is the ability to think about one's own thinking processes. It is related to the formal operational stage as it represents a higher level of cognitive development where adolescents can reflect on and analyze their thought processes.

Outlines

00:00

🧠 Cognitive Development Overview

The paragraph introduces the concept of cognitive development through the lens of John Piaget's theory. It discusses cognition as the ability to process information from the external world and emphasizes the importance of understanding how humans develop this ability from infancy to adulthood. The speaker outlines three key processes in cognitive development: organization, equilibrium, and adaptation. Organization involves making sense of information, equilibrium is the balance between internal schemas and external information, and adaptation is the adjustment of schemas to accommodate new information. The paragraph sets the stage for a deeper dive into the stages of cognitive development.

05:02

👶 Sensory-Motor Stage of Development

This section delves into the first stage of cognitive development known as the sensory-motor stage, which occurs from birth to around two years of age. During this period, infants interact with the world primarily through their senses and motor functions. The speaker explains how infants initially perceive the world and how they develop an understanding of object permanence, realizing that objects continue to exist even when not in sight. The paragraph also touches on the transition to the pre-operational stage, where children begin to engage in symbolic thinking and language acquisition, marking a significant leap in their cognitive abilities.

10:03

🌟 Language and Pretend Play

The speaker discusses the rapid cognitive development in young children, particularly the explosion of language acquisition around the age of 3 or 4. Children at this stage can quickly learn a substantial vocabulary and begin to engage in pretend play, which is a sign of symbolic thinking. They start to create their own realities through role-playing and fantasy, indicating a growing creativity and curiosity. The speaker advises encouraging this exploratory behavior and answering children's questions to the best of one's ability to support their cognitive growth, while also mentioning the limitations in their practical application of knowledge due to their limited life experiences.

15:04

🧐 Egocentrism and Concrete Operational Thinking

In this paragraph, the focus shifts to the pre-operational stage, where children are described as egocentric, meaning they perceive the world only from their own perspective. This leads to behaviors like hiding objects and believing they are invisible to others if out of their sight. The speaker also notes the transition to the concrete operational stage, which occurs around 7 to 11 years old. During this stage, children develop logical thinking and problem-solving skills, but these are limited to concrete objects and situations. They begin to understand concepts like measurement and quantity, which are crucial for mathematical thinking.

20:06

🤔 Formal Operational Stage and Metacognition

The final paragraph discusses the formal operational stage, which begins around age 12 and continues into adulthood. Adolescents in this stage are capable of thinking about abstract concepts and engaging in hypothetical reasoning. The speaker highlights the development of metacognition, which is the ability to think about one's own thinking processes. This stage is characterized by a more complex and higher-order thinking, allowing individuals to consider various perspectives and approaches to understanding reality. The speaker concludes by emphasizing the gradual and non-instantaneous nature of cognitive development, acknowledging Piaget's significant contribution to the field.

Keywords

💡Cognition

Cognition refers to the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. In the video, cognition is central to understanding how humans process information from the external world. The script discusses how cognition develops from infancy to adulthood, highlighting its role in survival and navigation within our environment. For instance, the video explains that cognition allows us to make sense of what we see, hear, and feel, which is crucial for our interaction with the world.

💡Schema

A schema is a concept or framework within which experiences are organized and understood. In the context of the video, schemas are mental structures that help individuals organize and interpret information. The script uses the example of a child who has a schema for 'crash' that influences their perception when they witness a car crash. This concept is integral to the discussion on cognitive development as it illustrates how individuals construct meaning from their experiences.

💡Equilibrium

Equilibrium, in the video, refers to a state of balance between an individual's internal schemas and external information. When there is a mismatch, it leads to disequilibrium, prompting the individual to adjust their schemas to regain balance. This process is essential for cognitive development as it shows how individuals adapt to new information and experiences. The video script mentions that people strive for equilibrium to maintain organized and sensible cognition.

💡Assimilation

Assimilation is one of the two ways of adaptation discussed in the video, where new information is incorporated into existing schemas without altering them. For example, the script describes how a child might assimilate a new toy car into their play by using it in the same way as their other blocks, without changing their understanding of how toys are used. This process is part of the cognitive development stages and shows how children integrate new experiences into their current ways of thinking.

💡Accommodation

Accommodation is the process where an individual modifies their existing schemas to fit new information. This is the counterpart to assimilation and is necessary when new experiences do not align with existing schemas. The video uses the example of a child who realizes that not all toys can be stacked, leading them to adjust their schema about toys to include the rolling feature of toy cars. Accommodation is a key aspect of cognitive development as it demonstrates the flexibility and growth of an individual's understanding.

💡Sensory-Motor Stage

The sensory-motor stage is the first of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, occurring from birth to two years old. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and physical actions. The video script explains how infants initially perceive objects as existing only when they are in sight, which is a fundamental concept of object permanence. This stage is crucial as it lays the foundation for later cognitive development.

💡Preoperational Stage

The preoperational stage, occurring from about two to seven years old, is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking and language. The video script describes how children in this stage can represent real things with symbols, such as using a block to represent a telephone. This stage is significant as it marks the child's ability to think beyond the immediate sensory experience and engage in pretend play and language learning.

💡Concrete Operational Stage

The concrete operational stage, from about seven to eleven years old, is when children begin to think logically about concrete objects and situations. The video explains that during this stage, children can solve problems that involve measurable quantities and understand principles like conservation. For example, they can logically determine how many objects are left after some are taken away. This stage is important for cognitive development as it represents a shift from intuitive thinking to more structured, logical reasoning.

💡Formal Operational Stage

The formal operational stage, which begins around age twelve and continues into adulthood, is the final stage of cognitive development according to Piaget. The video script highlights that adolescents in this stage can think abstractly and consider hypothetical scenarios. They can engage in metacognition, or thinking about one's own thinking processes. This stage allows for complex problem-solving and philosophical thought, which is a significant milestone in cognitive development.

💡Egocentric

Egocentric thinking is a concept in the video that describes the tendency of young children to view the world only from their own perspective. For example, the script mentions that preoperational children playing hide-and-seek might think that if they cannot see others, they are not seen, demonstrating a lack of understanding of others' viewpoints. This concept is important for understanding the social and cognitive limitations of young children.

Highlights

Introduction to John Piaget's cognitive development theory.

Cognition is the ability to process information from the outside world.

Three processes of cognition: organization, equilibrium, and adaptation.

Organization involves grouping similar and dissimilar information.

Equilibrium is the balance between internal schemas and external information.

Assimilation and accommodation are methods of adaptation.

The sensory-motor stage is the first stage of cognitive development from birth to 2 years.

Object permanence is a concept developed during the sensory-motor stage.

The pre-operational stage occurs from 2 to 7 years old, marked by symbolic thinking.

Language acquisition is a significant milestone in the pre-operational stage.

Egocentrism is a characteristic of the pre-operational stage where children see the world only from their perspective.

The concrete operational stage is from 7 to 11 years old, introducing logical thinking.

Children in the concrete operational stage can solve problems involving concrete objects.

The formal operational stage starts at around 12 years old, with the ability to think about abstract concepts.

Metacognition, or thinking about one's thinking, is a part of the formal operational stage.

Piaget's theory suggests that cognitive development is a process with distinct stages, not an overnight change.

The complexity of human cognition is a result of a developmental process, as explained by Piaget.

Encouragement for children to play and explore is crucial for cognitive development.

The importance of answering children's questions to support their cognitive growth.

Transcripts

so Hello at Welcome ulit sa ating human

development series Ako si JP at

pag-uusapan natin ngayon yung siguro

pinakahihintay ng marami sa inyo nung

nalaman niyong may human development

series tayo which is Iyung theory ni

John PJ na tinawag niyang cognitive

development theory napaka napaka

Straight forward ni Pia J So basically

pag-uusapan natin dito kung ano yyung

cognition and Paano nade-develop no yung

cognition ng isang tao mula sa pagkabata

no sa infancy hanggang sa adolescent or

in adulthood Okay so yun ang pag-usapan

natin ngayon so Huwag na natin patagalin

Roll na nating intro

[Musika]

Wow so ano nga ba yung cognition so

inung cognition is yung ability ng mga

tao or ng mga ibang organisms na

i-process yyung mga information sa

outside world So basically This Is How

We interact no sa mundong ibabaw ' ba

kumbaga kailangan nating iproseso ' ba

kung ano yung nakikita natin naririnig

natin nararamdaman natin nalasa natin

even ' ba para alam natin kung paano

mag-navigate paano mag-survive basically

dito sa mundong ito so ang cognition ng

tao is arguably the best kind of

cognition na meron dito sa mundo kung h

natin i-include Siguro iyung mga ai

Although to be fair hindi pa naman ganon

katindi yyung cognition ng mga ai no so

arguably mga tao pa din yung may

pinaka-advanced na cognition so ang

tanong e Paano nga ba natin pinoproseso

yung mga impormasyon na nakikita natin

sa paligid natin So ayon kay phj May

tatlong processes na parang sinusundan

yung cognition ng isang tao first is

yung organization second is yung

equilibrium and Third is yung adaptation

Okay so unahin natin yung organization

So basically sinasabi ni PJ na yung mga

tao daw Eh meron tayong tendency no no

i-organize yyung mga information na

nakakalap natin So There are many ways

to organize information first is yung

pagsama-sama natin yung mga parhas na

bagay sa mga hindi parhas na bagay ' ba

So yun yung pinaka-basic and then of

course yung mga ibang complex Like for

example making conclusions ' ba sa mga

information na nakukuha natin or making

some concepts ' ba So kumbaga

pinagtatagpong mga information na yan

para mag-make sense siya basically so

Once na nag-make sense na yung mga

bagay-bagay a makakabuo tayo ng mga

paniniwala or mga beliefs mga concepts

no mga constructs na based doun sa mga

information na napulot natin ang tawag

doun sa mga ion is schema no let's say

for example nakita natin yyung crash

natin tumititig sa atin pag tinitignan

natin sila ' ba O agad-agad may delusion

T mean may schema tayo na- crash din

tayo ng crash natin So that's how schema

works Okay so yung mga schema

nag-uumpisa yan sa mga simpleng schema

hanggang sa maging complex na schema na

medyo pag-uusapan natin mamaya So gusto

rin ng mga tao na tugma yung internal

schema nila sa external information na

nakikita or nakakalap nila so ang tawag

doon is equilibrium pantay yyung

dalawang factors na to kasi pag hindi

nagpantay for example si schema is medyo

iba no sa new information na nakikita sa

labas eh nagkakaroon ng tinatawag na

disequilibrium so ung this equilibrium

na to Ito yung magli-lead sa isang tao

para bumalik ' ba sa equilibrium para

mag-make sense pa rin no para ma-

organize pa rin ng maayos yung mga

information so para makapag basically

adapt ' ba yun yung third process para

makapag adapt yung tao eh mabalanse niya

yon Nono so there are two ways of

adaptation first is Iyung assimilation

and then second is Iyung accommodation

so sa assimilation basically parang wala

kang babaguhin sa schema mo yung new

information tatanggapin mo siya kasi

aligned siya sa schema mo or iti-treat

mo yung new information as a line no sa

schema mo let's say for example sa mga

bata No yung mga Baby let's say for

example yung paglalaro niya sa mga

laruan niya is basically

pinagpatong-patong niya in-stock niya '

ba kasi mga blocks usually ung mga

laruan nila and then nung binigyan siya

ng new toy which is yyung toy cars ' ba

yung mga toy cars Bago yan so bagong

information meron siyang schema so ang

gagawin niya Kukunin niya yyung mga toys

na yan and then papag patong-patong niya

Okay so that's how assimilation works so

sa accomodation naman on the other hand

eh babaguhin yung internal schema para

makapasok yung bagong information So

paano yun going back doun sa example

nung bata so nakita niya no meron siyang

schema pagpatung-patungin yung mga

laruan tapos tinray niyang

pagpatung-patungin yung mga toy cars

niya and Anong nangyari dumudulas kasi

may gulong yang mga yan basically ' ba

So ang mangyayari pag accommodation is

babaguhin ng bata Yung kanyang schema so

hindi pala lahat ng laruan eh Pwedeng

pagpatung-patungin kasi yung iba

dumudulas okay so iniba no yung schema

na meron para ma-accommodate or para

makapasok yung external information na

bago so adaptation usually ang dahilan

kung bakit yung mga schema na meron

yyung tao is very complex kasi

nag-uumpisa tayo sa mga simpleng schema

Yun nga simple lang na yung mga lahat ng

laruan y i stock ta's eventually

mare-realize ng mga tao or ng isang bata

habang tumatanda siya na marami pang

ways no para mabago yung schema na yon

na Lapat pa rin sa reality so knowing

that ang tanong is paano nagde-deliver

yung cognition ng isong bata from the

schema na kung papaano laruin yung mga

laruan to the point na parang

pag-iisipan na kung anong meaning ng

buhay na puno ng pighati life is

suffering and so on so let's discuss the

stages of development na dinadaanan ng

mga tao para magkaroon tayo ng capacity

para pag-isipan kung ano nga ba ang

meaning ng buhay at ng kamatayan pero

sig Ano na y k j muna tayo stages of

[Musika]

development

Okay so first stage of development natin

is yung tinatawag nating sensory motor

stage no na nangyayari at the age zero

to2 So yung mga ages dito medyo ano lang

sila rough estimation lang sila kasi

iba-iba yung pacing ng mga tao no merong

iba na parang mabilis lang parang

mabagal no 0 to 3 0 to2 kaya iba-iba

yung makikita niyong mga ages kasi Ganon

talaga yung mga tao iba-iba Sila No but

anyway hindi naman yung importante ang

pinakaimportante sa mga stages na'to is

hindi ung edad kung hindi yung mga

nangyayari no kaya doun tayo magfo-focus

So ano nga bang nangyayari sa sensory

motor stage So from the word itself

sensory plus motor So naka-focus yung

cognition natin or Iyung way of

interaction natin with the world through

our senses no senses Iyung sight Iyung

hearing no Iyung smelling Iyung touching

ah an pa ba yung isa lagi ko

nakakalimutan yung isa tasting yun

tasting Ah so senses and then motor

functions ' ba So kaya Makikita natin

yung mga baby ' ba usually ang modo

operande nila una makikita nila yung

laruan ' ba tapos kung marunong ng

gumapang yan gagapangin so that is motor

' ba and then

iga-guide na naririnig natin nalalasahan

natin no nararamdaman natin eh yun lang

yung realidad yun lang yung mga

nag-e-exist na bagay-bagay sa mundo so

Once na hindi na nakikita ng isang bata

yung isang Mukha ' ba para sa kanya it

ceases to exist parang hindi na

nag-e-exist basically wala na sa mundo

no yung mukha mo kaya parang Pag

pinakita mo ulit yung mukha mo ' ba doun

sa Kik Bulaga Ayan parang What the F

moment sa kan Par uy ' ba wala ka na

Ba't bigla ka nabuhay ' ba So basically

tinatawanan nila yung death and

Resurrection ng mukha mo So ganun yung

sensory motor staged sa mga baby but

eventually of course no through brain

development Syempre

nag-concert nila and so on and then of

course nagkakaroon din sila ng

experience no lagi kay nag kikick Bulaga

kck Bulaga parang eventually

mare-realize din ang bata na parang

hindi naman pala lahat na mga bagay na

hindi ko nakikita eh Nawawala minsan

kahit hindi ko nakikita yung mga

bagay-bagay Eh nandiyan pa rin sila

nagiging nagpa-pic pa rin sila permanent

yung mga bagay-bagay so ang tawag doun

sa konsepto na yun is object permanent

so once ang bata is na-realize niya na

yon na yung mga object is permanent

kahit hindi nila makita continue silang

mag-exist eh Malapit na sila doon sa

susunod na stage basically tapos na sila

sa sensory motor So pupunta na sila sa

pre-operational stage na tinatawag so sa

preoperational stage nangyayari to from

2 to 6 or 2 to 7 Syempre Depende no sa

mga bata sa I mention So lahat pala ng

stages ganun no walang definitive na age

range basta nangyayari lang yung mga

nangyayari so sa stage na' is nag

nakaroon ng ability yung bata sa

tinatawag nating symbolic thinking So

ibig sabihin they can represent things

in reality through symbols no so as

mention nga kanina hindi na nila

kailangan makita yung actual na bagay

para malaman nila nag-e-exist yun So

mag-extend yyun doon sa symbolic

thinking na kung saan yung parang kahit

isang bagay lang non na hindi naman

necessarily yon eh nare-realize

block tapos ang gagawin lang kukunin

nila and then lalagay nila sa tenga nila

tos

magss so that is a sign of symbolic

thinking kasi yyung block of toy is a

symbol for what for the phone and

nakikita niyya yyung nanay niya na nasa

phone lagi So parang ganon siguro ngayon

hindi na ganon o ganon ganon kasi

napanood namin ganon yung telephone no

telephone pa n Alam niyo pa ba yun yung

telephone yung kung anou Yung icon ng

call yun yung telephone no Alam niyo pa

ba yun kasi kung h niyo naalam feeling

kung matanda na ako Anyway so that is

symbolic thinking So merong mga side

effects or pero merong mga repercussions

kumbaga yung symbolic thinking and one

of them is that they can play pretend

nga as mentioned kanina and another

thing is they will be able to learn

language no magkakaroon na silang

ability para magsalita no and then in

Extension magbasa t saka magsulat kasi

basically words are symbols ' ba yung

pag narinig ng bata yung word na mama '

ba ah it represents the person na

nag-alaga sa kan niya ' ba ung parang

humel sa kanya nagpakain sa kanya and so

on so sa word lang na mama ' ba So ang

daming mga concepts ang daming mga

experiences ang

nae-encounter

explosion at the age of 3 or 4 years old

Depende sa bata mas mabilis yung M mga

babae na magsalita kump para sa mga

lalaki but the but still magkakaroon

sila ng parang Pag nakapag learn ng na

sila Siguro ng 50 words eh bigla-bigla

after siguro overnight magkakaroon sila

ng mga 1,000 to 5,000 words

[Musika]

Okay so Once na na-master nila yyung

play yung pretend play and speech eh may

ability na sila para mag-create ng

kanilang own reality in the form of

fantasies ' ba kaya Makikita natin yyung

mga bata they are role playing ' ba

parang o ako si Batman ako si Superman o

kaya kung ano-ano pang mga creatures na

Out of This World kasi hindi na natin

alam kung sa sila napupunta sa internet

By the way Huwag niyo munang bibigyan ng

internet yung bata kasi ma ma- stifle

yung Ah yung cognitive development but

anyway so Ayun magkakaroon sila ng

parang explosion din no in terms of

creativity kaya as much as possible

Dapat ine-encourage natin sila no to to

play on their own para hindi ma-stop '

ba Hindi ma-stop yung parang ah

pag-explain and speaking of exploration

yan nagiging curious din yung mga bata

at this age kasi nga parang finaflex

nila yung bagong natutunan nilang skills

which is yung words ' ba tanong ng mga

tanong yan so pag nagtatanong sila do

your best no to answer them para

magtuloy-tuloy nga yung kanilang

cognition huwag natin silang lolokohin

huwag natin silang bibiruin masyado no

ah kung hindi niyo na kaya yung mga

tanong nila bilhan niyo sila ng libro

kasi ganun yung ginawa ng mga magulang

namin sa amin kasi marami daw kam

masyadong tanong Ayun dumami yung mga ah

Encyclopedia na pambata sa

bahay but even though nagiging creative

sila sa mga panong ito eh eh Meron pa

rin silang konting weaknesses no Kasi

nga dahil bagong salta lang sila sa

mundo eh Medyo hindi pa ganon katindi or

kadami yung experience nila sa buhay

kaya nga sabi ni fuds ' ba ah kids are

[Musika]

dumb Ah it's a hard one to get out you

got Although Yun nga hindi naman sila

talaga dumb they just lack experience no

So yung mga alam nila usually alam lang

nila by their mind but in practice

kumbaga Hindi pa nila gaanong

napa-practice yung mga natututunan nila

can we count backwards Yeah All right

here we go 10

n kaya ang tendency nagiging modus

operand din ng mga preoperational labata

is they are very egocentric ibig sabihin

ah They only see the world in their own

perspective in the most literal sense no

kaya nakakatawa pag nakikipaglaro ka sa

mga preoperational na bata ng

tagu-taguan ' ba tatago lang nila yung

ulo nila toos Akala nila hindi mo na

sila Nakikita kasi sa perspective nila

pag di ka nila nakikita ibig sabihin

hindi mo rin sila nakikita ' ba kasi nga

egocentric So kung ano lang yung alam

nila

ipo-produce

kaya parang Pag binigyan mo sila ng

dalawang baso ' ba kunyari ung isang

baso matangkad na payat tapos ung isang

baso eh maliit pero medyo chunky taos

lagi mo ng juice yun or kung anoang

drinks ang lagi nilang pipiliin is yung

nasa matangkad no When In Reality eh

parehas lang naman yung laman nung

dalawa no Magkaiba lang him shape So

bakit ganon kasi siguro ah for for their

entire life No dahil maliit sila no

tsung tumatanda sila lahat ng nakikita

nilang mas matangkad sa kanila is

usually mas better sa kanila mas Ah mas

matanda sa kanila ' ba and basically

Parang mas magaling sa kanila so ang

tendency generalize nila yon So kahit sa

baso no basta matangkad yun na yun mas

magaling yun Mas marami Iyun mas

maraming laman yyun So yun yyung kukunin

nila so eventually through brain

development and Syempre experiences na

rin eh mare-realize din nila na parang

hindi lang generalization ang way no ng

pag-oorganize ng mga bagay-bagay Once na

na-realize na nila to eh Pwede na silang

pumunta sa next stage of development na

tinatawag nating concrete operational

stage so ang concrete operation stage is

nangyayari to from 7 to 11 no Elementary

School no so school age na so dito

nagkakaroon na sila ng logical thinking

no Kasi kung papansinin niyo sa

pre-operational hindi pa logical Masyado

silang generalization Masyado silang

intuition based so dito sa stage na ito

mare-realize nila y ng mundo is very

complex no and usually parang kailangan

pag-isipan talaga no yung mga

bagay-bagay lalo na yung mga problema na

sino-us solve nila sa araw-araw nilang

buhay so sa stage na' marunong na silang

mag logical problem solving Okay hindi

na sila masyadong uto-uto kasi nung

pre-operational kung anong sasabihin mo

sa kanila paniniwalaan nila yon with all

their lives no pero ngayon dahil meron

na silang logical thinking no na pwedeng

ibangga sa mga sinasabi ng ibang tao and

minsan nag-counter argument din sila or

hindi naman counter argument more

counter examples ' ba sa mga bagay-bagay

So hindi na sila ganon kabilis parang

ma-encourage or ma-persuade no so

pagbibigyan mo sila ng mas matangkad na

baso no parang pag-iisipan muna nila

kung mas marami nga talaga yan kasi

hindi na lang tangkad yung tinitignan

nila tinitignan na rin nila ung lapad ng

mga bagay-bagay so lalo na pag nakita

nila may measurement yan ' ba parang

binibigay mo sa kanila 50 mL Tapos yung

isa 100 mL pala kasi meron na rin silang

mathematical thinking or arithmetic

thinking Alam na nila Iyung numbers no

ah yyung quantity ng mga numbers Alam na

nila kung paano mag-add

mag-submit ng mundo yun nga lang yung

logical problem solving skills nila is

mas applicable lang sa mga concrete na

objects ' ba So kaya nilang i-solve yung

problem na kung saan ilang ah mansanas

na lang yung natira kay jose no nung

Kinuha ni Procopio Yung lima mula doun

sa 10 na meron si Jose So alam nila yung

sagot doon is five pero Kung tatanungin

mo sila deserve ba ni Jose na makuhanan

siya ng limang mansanas Bakit or Bakit

hindi medyo mahihirapan silang sagutin

yun in a justifiable way kasi nga

limited sa concrete things no yung

kanilang logical thinking So kaya nga

concrete operational pero Once na

nagkaroon na sila ng again brain

development more experience and then

eventually magkakaroon na sila ng

capacity to grasp iyung mga abstract na

concept which brings us to the last

cognitive stage of development ni Pia J

na tinawag niyang formal operation stage

na nangyayari at the age 12 and Above

Yun nga lang merong ibang mga research

na nagsasabi na parang hindi lahat

umaabot do Although kung pag-uusapan

natin y magtatagal tayo kaya just puting

out there so dito sa stage na'to yung

mga adolescent eh may capacity na sila

no to think about abstract concept So

ano ba yung mga abstract concept for

example Yun nga justice ' ba love Okay

poverty power Freedom yung mga ganyan

mga abstract concepts y mga Ian ibig

sabihin hindi sila hindi mo nakikita no

Pero nag-exist sila at least in our mind

So parang higher level of symbols sila

kumbaga they represent Something In

Reality but hindi sila parang kunyari

mansanas ' baung sana mahahawakan mo

pero yyung Freedom mahawakan mo ba yyung

Freedom hindi mo pero alam mo no na may

konsepto ng Freedom So yun yyung mga

abstract concepts na tinatawag So yung

mga adolescent supposedly ideally dapat

Alam na nila kung papaano iproseso yung

mga ganong klaseng mga topics and then

Parang sabi nga ni PJ dito na yung stage

na kung saan

nagde-deliver ial or even motor kasi nga

mas marami na tayong experience Mas

marami na tayong accommodation na ginawa

Mas marami na tayong adjustment na

ginawa sa mga schemas natin So it makes

sense no na mas mataas or mas higher

order na iyung thinking natin no in fact

we can also think about our thinking '

ba the fact na pinag-uusapan natin Iyung

cognition This is a form of formal

operation so parang pinag-iisipan natin

yung pag-iisip natin So ang tawag Dian

sa English is metacognition so at this

stage din kay na rin natin magdeal with

sa mga hypothetical or sa mga What if

scenarios ng buhay no parang basically

Same lang to ng mga fantasies natin nung

pre-operational stage no pero yung

pinagkaiba lang is this time since Meron

na marami na tayong experience no meron

na tayong logical thinking yyung mga

realities na

pina-prioritize Anong mangyayari sa

Pilipinas ' ba yung mga trivial na ganon

kaya na nating pag-usapan kaya nating

pagdebatihan sa klase no or pwede din

naman sa mga practical things ' ba What

if crash ka ng crash mo ' ba anong

mangyayari SAO ' ba magkakatuluyan ba

kayo o hindi so Ayun ' ba yung mga dulo

natin I mean yung mga What ifs natin

kahit hypothetical Yan ' ba ang useful

pa rin nila kasi p hindi mo pag-iisipan

yung ah mga bagay-bagay na ganyan eh

hindi ka magiging ready Once na dumating

na sila ' ba Once na nag-confess na yung

crush mo Anong gagawin mo or something

like that that according kay Pia J ito

na yung last stage of development natin

Although may mga nagsasabi no yung mga

Neo Pia J sian na tinatawag na ah kontin

yyung tradition ni PJ at parang nilagyan

nila ng DLC downloadable content No

parang meron silang sinasabi na Next

Stage which is yyung post formal thought

so mas Parang mas complicated version ng

formal operations but that's a topic for

another day so yan ang proseso ng

development ng cognition ng isang tao

ayon kay John PJ so as you can see ' ba

yung schema natin nag-umpisa sa very

simple What I cannot see Do not exist

tapos hanggang sa nag-develop siya no

what if i Seas to exist What if mamatay

ako anong mangyayari ' ba so hindi

nangyari overnight yung development na

yan noo and kaya din Siguro mapapansin

natin nung bata tayo feeling natin ang

simple ng buhay ' ba kasi nung bata tayo

iniisip lang natin yung sarili natin na

yun lang yung nakikita natin which is

Wala namang masama don pero eventually

as we grow old ' ba nare-realize natin

na marami palang perspectives no' marami

paang approaches marami paang ways on

how to look at reality kaya ayan ' ba

mas naging complex yung buhay natin not

to mention naging complex din yyung

technology so baka tama din yyung mga

matatanda nung sinabi nilang simple yung

buhay non but still the point remains na

yyung complexity ng cognition ng isang

tao is Hindi yan nangyayari ng isang

biglaan lang may proseso na

pinagdadaanan yan and that is the main

contribution of John Pia J sa cognitive

development

Okay so Ayan ang pag-aralan natin kung

ano nga ba ang cognition and Paano to

nagde-deliver

thought na siguro and Huwag niyo ring

kalimutang mag-subscribe no so Maraming

maraming salamat din sa mga members na

sumusuporta sa ating channel directly So

kung gusto niyo ring suportahan yung

channel natin while also doing deep

dives no sa mga topics na pinag-uusapan

natin dito eh Pwede kayong mag-join no

mag-join sa tabi ng subscribe button

click niyo lang ung join no tapos ah

piliin niyo ung mga Tears na gusto

niyong salihan So kung ah nagpe-prepare

kayo for board exam ng psychometrician

yan malalaking tulong yung mga live

lectures and yung mga lectures na

in-depth talaga nating pinag-aaralan so

Ayun and with that Maraming maraming

salamat sa pakikinig and panonood kung

ano man yung ginawa niyo kung ginawa

niyo man ng podcast and I Will See you

next next week no for another topic

which is si Brown

basta y si basta yun Okay so yun muna sa

ngayon and Maraming maraming salamat and

as always enjoy learning

ba-bye hindi na ba

madilim Madilim kasi Last

Time