El CORAZÓN HUMANO: partes, aurículas, ventrículos, válvulas, funciones (anatomía)

Summary

En este video se explica detalladamente el funcionamiento del corazón humano y sus partes. Se menciona que el corazón es un músculo hueco en forma de cono que se divide en cuatro cavidades: dos aurículas y dos ventrículos. Estas cavidades bombean la sangre en un circuito pulmonar para oxigenarla y en un circuito sistémico para llevar oxígeno y nutrientes al cuerpo. Además, se destacan las válvulas del corazón que aseguran el flujo unidireccional de la sangre. Finalmente, se describe cómo el corazón funciona como una bomba para mantener la circulación sanguínea.

Takeaways

• 🫀 El corazón es un músculo hueco con forma de cono, ubicado a la izquierda del centro del pecho, y es aproximadamente del tamaño de un puño.
• 🌡️ El corazón es parte del sistema cardiovascular, junto con las venas, arterias y capilares, y su función es bombear sangre para llevar oxígeno y nutrientes a todo el cuerpo.
• 🔄 El corazón funciona como una bomba doble: la mitad derecha envía sangre a los pulmones para oxigenarla, mientras que la mitad izquierda la envía al resto del cuerpo.
• 🧱 El corazón está dividido en cuatro cavidades: dos aurículas (superiores) y dos ventrículos (inferiores), que están separadas por válvulas que regulan el flujo sanguíneo.
• 💡 Las aurículas reciben sangre y la envían a los ventrículos, que luego la bombean fuera del corazón hacia los pulmones o el resto del cuerpo.
• 🚪 Las válvulas del corazón aseguran que la sangre fluya en una sola dirección, evitando el retroceso y garantizando un flujo sanguíneo eficiente.
• 🫧 Las válvulas semilunares y auriculoventriculares funcionan en secuencia, abriéndose y cerrándose para controlar el paso de la sangre entre cavidades y hacia los vasos sanguíneos.
• 🩸 La sangre ingresa al corazón a través de las venas (vena cava superior e inferior) y sale a través de las arterias (arteria pulmonar y aorta), que la distribuyen por todo el cuerpo.
• 🫁 El circuito pulmonar lleva la sangre sin oxígeno a los pulmones para oxigenarla, mientras que el circuito sistémico la distribuye por todo el cuerpo.
• 🔄 El ciclo cardíaco implica la contracción de las aurículas y los ventrículos en una secuencia coordinada para bombear sangre de manera efectiva a través de ambos circuitos.

Q & A

¿Cuál es la función principal del corazón?

La función principal del corazón es bombear sangre oxigenada a todos los órganos y tejidos del cuerpo, proporcionando los nutrientes y oxígeno que necesitan para sobrevivir, además de eliminar sustancias de desecho.

¿Cuántas cavidades tiene el corazón y cómo se llaman?

El corazón tiene cuatro cavidades: dos aurículas (derecha e izquierda) y dos ventrículos (derecho e izquierdo).

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre las aurículas y los ventrículos?

Las aurículas son las cavidades superiores del corazón y funcionan principalmente como reservorios de sangre, mientras que los ventrículos son las cavidades inferiores que funcionan como bombas verdaderas, expulsando la sangre hacia los pulmones y el resto del cuerpo.

¿Qué es el tabique y cuál es su función en el corazón?

El tabique es una pared fibrosa que divide el corazón en dos mitades, derecha e izquierda, y evita que la sangre de las cámaras derechas se mezcle con la de las cámaras izquierdas.

¿Qué son las válvulas cardíacas y cuál es su función?

Las válvulas cardíacas son estructuras que permiten el flujo unidireccional de la sangre dentro del corazón. Abren para permitir que la sangre pase de una cavidad a otra o hacia los vasos sanguíneos, y luego cierran para evitar el reflujo de sangre.

¿Cómo se llaman las válvulas que separan las aurículas de los ventrículos?

Las válvulas que separan las aurículas de los ventrículos se llaman válvulas auriculoventriculares.

Outlines

00:00

💓 Funcionamiento del corazón humano

El corazón es un músculo hueco con forma de cono ubicado a la izquierda del pecho. Su tamaño es similar al de un puño y, junto con las venas, arterias y capilares, forma parte del sistema cardiovascular. Es especial porque actúa como una bomba que envía sangre con oxígeno y nutrientes a los órganos y tejidos, permitiendo la eliminación de desechos. El corazón tiene dos bombas: una en el lado derecho que envía sangre a los pulmones para oxigenarse, y otra en el lado izquierdo que distribuye la sangre oxigenada al resto del cuerpo.

05:08

🫀 Partes del corazón: aurículas y ventrículos

El corazón tiene cuatro cavidades: dos aurículas en la parte superior y dos ventrículos en la parte inferior. Las aurículas reciben sangre del cuerpo y los pulmones, funcionando como reservorios de los ventrículos. Estos últimos actúan como bombas que envían la sangre a los pulmones y al resto del cuerpo. Las aurículas y ventrículos están separados por válvulas que garantizan el flujo unidireccional de la sangre y previenen su retroceso. Además, un tabique fibroso divide el corazón en dos, evitando que la sangre de los lados derecho e izquierdo se mezcle.

10:10

🚪 Válvulas cardíacas y su función

El corazón utiliza cuatro válvulas para regular el flujo de sangre en una sola dirección: dos semilunares (aórtica y pulmonar) y dos auriculoventriculares (mitral y tricúspide). Las válvulas semilunares evitan el retorno de sangre a los ventrículos, mientras que las auriculoventriculares separan las aurículas de los ventrículos. Estas válvulas funcionan en secuencia, abriéndose y cerrándose de manera pasiva para permitir la entrada y salida de sangre en el momento adecuado, garantizando que el flujo sea siempre hacia adelante.

🩸 Circulación de la sangre en el cuerpo

La sangre entra y sale del corazón a través de venas y arterias, formando dos circuitos: el circuito pulmonar y el circuito sistémico. El circuito pulmonar transporta la sangre sin oxígeno desde el corazón a los pulmones, donde se oxigena. Luego, el circuito sistémico distribuye la sangre oxigenada desde el corazón a todo el cuerpo. La sangre sin oxígeno regresa al corazón a través de las venas cavas, mientras que la sangre oxigenada llega a través de las venas pulmonares, completando el ciclo.

🔄 Resumen final del funcionamiento cardíaco

El corazón realiza una serie de contracciones rítmicas que permiten el bombeo de sangre de forma eficiente, asegurando el suministro constante de oxígeno y nutrientes a los órganos vitales.

Keywords

💡Corazón

El corazón es un músculo hueco con forma de cono ubicado ligeramente hacia la izquierda del centro del pecho. En el video, se describe como una bomba que impulsa la sangre a los pulmones y al resto del cuerpo, asegurando la distribución de oxígeno y nutrientes necesarios para la supervivencia de los tejidos.

💡Aurículas

Las aurículas son las cavidades superiores del corazón que se llenan de sangre procedente del cuerpo y los pulmones. En el video, se menciona que las aurículas tienen paredes delgadas y actúan más como reservorios de sangre para los ventrículos que como bombas, ya que expulsan la sangre hacia los ventrículos antes de que estos se contraigan.

💡Ventrículos

Los ventrículos son las cavidades inferiores del corazón que funcionan como verdaderas bombas, expulsando sangre a los pulmones y al resto del cuerpo. A diferencia de las aurículas, los ventrículos están formados por fibras musculares más gruesas, lo que les permite generar la presión necesaria para bombear la sangre.

💡Válvulas cardíacas

Las válvulas cardíacas son estructuras que permiten el flujo unidireccional de la sangre dentro del corazón. En el video se mencionan cuatro válvulas principales: dos semilunares (aórtica y pulmonar) y dos auriculoventriculares (mitral y tricúspide), las cuales abren y cierran de manera coordinada para asegurar el flujo adecuado.

Highlights

The heart is a hollow muscle, cone-shaped, located to the left of the chest's center, similar in size to a fist.

It is part of the cardiovascular system, along with veins, arteries, and capillaries.

The heart pumps blood through two main circuits: the pulmonary circuit for oxygenating blood and the systemic circuit for distributing oxygenated blood to the body.

The heart functions like two pumps: the right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

The heart is divided into four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers).

Atria function as reservoirs for blood from the lungs and body, contracting to fill the ventricles.

Ventricles act as the main pumps, pushing blood to the lungs and the rest of the body.

The heart contains valves (semilunar and atrioventricular) that control unidirectional blood flow and prevent backflow.

The semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) prevent backflow into the ventricles during diastole.

The atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole.

The septum is a fibrous wall that separates the right and left sides.

Transcripts

hello guys I hope you are very well in this video I will talk about the human heart its

parts and how it works let's start the heart is a hollow muscle with a shape similar to that of

a cone that is located to the left of the center of our chest its size It is close to that of the fist

of the hand and together with the veins, the arteries and the capillaries, it is part of the cardiovascular system,

unlike all the other muscles that are part of our body, such as those we have

in our arms, our face or our back, our heart . it is a very special muscle because of the function it

performs, it sends from its interior to all the organs and tissues, thus providing them with

the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive at the same time that it facilitates their

elimination of waste substances to do this possible the heart muscle

works like a pump well really like two ways in one the pump on the right side pumps

the blood coming from the heart to the lungs reason from the rest of the body so that it can be

oxygenated and the pump on the left side works in reverse, that is, it receives the oxygenated blood that

comes from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body. Let's see in more detail each of the

parts of the heart and how the heart works it is made up of four different parts that

are always filled with blood, each of which is called a cavity if we divide the

heart into two equal parts we will realize that on each of the right and left sides

there are two cavities one in the upper part and one in the lower part the two

upper right and left cavities are called atria and the two lower ones are called ventricles

each atrial connects to a ventricle but at the same time is separated from it through

a valve In the same way, the ventricles are separated from the blood vessels with which they

are connected through valves. Let's see each of these parts separately. let 's start

with the atria the atria are the upper chambers of the heart that are filled with blood

from the rest of the body and the lungs they are made up of very thin walls

capable of withstanding little pressure both atria are connected through their lower part to a

ventricle and although they are called booster pumps they function as blood reservoirs of

the ventricles rather than as pumps these two chambers contract almost at the same

time and they do so before the ventricles do so this contraction causes the blood

contained in its interior is expelled and quickly fills the ventricles that are still empty

the ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart and unlike the atria they function

as true pumps, pumping blood from their interior to the lungs and to the rest of the

organs and tissues of the body each ventricle is made up of a large number of

muscle fibers that contract expuls I walk the blood out of them, in short, they are the

exit doors of the blood from the heart. Until now, I have been telling you that the two halves of the

heart formed by the atria and ventricles separate, but since they do so, in the center

of the heart there is a large vertical wall formed of fibrous tissue called the septum that fulfills this

function by preventing the blood contained in the right and left chambers from mixing this large

septum is divided into two the interatrial septum located in the upper part that separates the

right atrium from the left atrium and the interventricular septum that separates both

ventricles continuing the exploration of the heart we must know that the atria and ventricles

do not work independently, they work as a team after the atria fill with

blood, it is sent almost immediately to the ventricles who they contract expelling the

blood out of the heart but at the same time that this happens the atria they receive blood again

and inside it is prepared for the next contraction of the ventricles the question

we ask ourselves at this moment is how the blood that reaches each of these chambers does to know

where the blood that has to go well enters the heart relies on four

very special structures that are inside this organ that are called valves

but how do these valves work well the valves open to let blood in

and then close to prevent it from leaving just like when it enters through a door sans now

that it opens to let you pass and then closes to prevent you from going back behind it

all these four valves are unidirectional, that is, they allow blood flow to take

place in only one direction there are two groups of valves the semilunar valves and the

atrioventricular valve both types of valves that are formed by sheets of

flexible and resistant fibrous tissue s They move passively and their physical orientation is what determines the

unidirectionality of the blood flow. They also work in sequence, that is, when one opens,

the others close and vice versa, thus avoiding the backward flow of blood,

but let's see where each one is and how the semilunar valves work

is an earthquake there are two ideas one aortic and one pulmonary the aortic valve which is located

between the left ventricle and the aortic artery prevents the return of blood from

the left ventricle to the left atrium while the pulmonary valve Located between

the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, it prevents blood from returning from the right ventricle

to the pulmonary artery. Both valves close when the ventricles are in the

resting phase or diastole, that is, when they fill with blood from the atria. Now

, the atrioventricular valves are, as their name indicates, located in

the place where the atria are connected to the ventricles and are called the mitral

valve the mitral valve separates the left ventricle from the left atrium preventing

blood flow from the ventricle to the atrium when it contracts and the tricuspid valve

which has three valves is located between the right ventricle and the right atrium and

fulfills exactly the same function as the mitral valve, but in the right chambers of the heart

the cusp and mitral valves are closed when the ventricles are in

systole or contraction phase, that is, when the ventricles or like this in the blood towards the

pulmonary arteries and now but how does the blood get to our heart and what does it do after it

leaves it well the blood enters and leaves our heart through some tubes that are

connected to the cycle that extend from there throughout the body these tubes are known

as veins and arteries and are collectively called blood vessels the veins are the

blood vessels that transport blood from the tissues to the heart and the arteries are those that

take it out of it and lead it back to the organs and tissues the veins that deliver the

blood from the heart are two and receive the name of superior vena cava and inferior vena

cava the superior or descending vena cava receives blood that comes from the upper part of the body and

delivers it to the right atrium of the heart while the inferior or ascending vena cava delivers

blood to this same atrium that collects from all the organs that are located below

our diaphragm now well the arteries that take blood from the left side of the heart

are also two the pulmonary artery and the aortic artery the pulmonary artery carries blood from

the right ventricle to the the lungs and the aorta is the largest artery in the body and

carries blood from the left ventricle to all the organs and tissues.

that we have walked through each of the parts that make up our heart, let us finally see

how they are recorded as a whole to guarantee the proper functioning of this vital organ,

first of all we have to know that the blood vessels that connect to the cardiac chambers,

atria and the ventricles conduct blood through two different circuits the pulmonary or minor

circuit and the systemic or major circuit each of these circuits begins and ends in the heart the

pulmonary circuit the shortest of the 29 the blood without oxygen the small distance between

the heart and the lungs so that it is loaded with oxygen and then sent back to the

heart from where it enters the systemic circuit this circuit is the longest since it moves

oxygenated blood from the heart to absolutely all the tissues of the body since we have

this in mind let's see in an orderly way the series of events that our heart performs to

pump blood through each one Of these circuits, let us remember that the atria function

as reception chambers and the ventricles as expulsion chambers. The

oxygen-deprived blood that is collected from each of the organs that make up our body enters

the right atrium of the heart through the vena cava. superior and inferior after this

occurs, the right atrium contracts, thus sending the blood to the right ventricle

for this to occur, the tricuspid valve opens and closes again to prevent the backward flow of

blood, it is precisely at this moment that in which the right ventricle contracts, pushing

the blood towards the pulmonary artery, which leads it to the lungs where it will be

oxygenated, but for this to happen, the pulmonary valve must open to facilitate the passage of

blood to the pulmonary artery and close immediately after Now the

oxygenated blood that returns to the lungs enters the left atrium of the heart through the The pulmonary

veins and after their contraction passes to the left ventricle through the

mitral valve and then thanks to the contraction of this ventricle the blood is pushed through

the aortic valve towards the aortic artery in the part through its multiple branches

to all the tissues of the body finally once all the tissues have managed to capture all

the oxygen from the blood, leaving it completely free of its oxygen, it returns through the veins of the

right atrium to start again the simple good guys that has been all for this

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