Pedagogy of Higher Education 2.1

Summary

This lecture delves into the historical development of higher education, emphasizing European universities' evolution from religious to secular institutions. It discusses the professionalization and massification processes, the influence of key figures like Janan ibra Al and muhamed Sharman, and contrasts the Soviet model with Kazakhstan's modern approach. The lecture also highlights the early education systems in Kazakhstan, transitioning from traditional madrasas to modern schools, and the pivotal roles of certain individuals in advancing education.

Takeaways

• 🏛️ The evolution of higher education in Kazakhstan is explored from traditional Islamic schools to modern institutions.
• 🌍 European universities' development was influenced by religious and political factors, shaping education through various eras.
• 📚 The medieval period in Europe saw education centered around religious institutions like monasteries and cathedral schools.
• 🏫 The early modern period (15th-18th centuries) marked the secularization of universities and the expansion of curricula beyond theology.
• 🏛️ The late modern era (19th-early 20th centuries) was characterized by industrialization, leading to a focus on technical and scientific research in universities.
• 🌐 Post-1914 changes included mass education, interdisciplinary studies, and the democratization of learning in universities.
• 🎓 The concept of 'stadium general' referred to schools open to European students and recognized for a broad range of subjects.
• 🏛️ The University of Bologna, Paris, Oxford, and Cambridge were influential in shaping higher education's structure and focus.
• 🌟 The German, French, and English models of higher education each emphasized different aspects: research, central control, and moral/religious formation respectively.
• 🌐 Post-WWII massification of higher education aimed to broaden access and was seen as a public good for societal and economic development.

Q & A

What role did European universities play in the development of higher education?

European universities, influenced by religious and political forces, were central in shaping education through professionalization and massification, evolving from theological studies to include sciences, arts, and humanities.

How did early education systems in Kazakhstan differ from European systems?

Early education in Kazakhstan relied on traditional structures like madrasas, with limited documentation before the medieval period. In contrast, European education systems developed through religious institutions, especially monasteries and cathedral schools, with a greater historical record.

What major transition occurred in higher education during the early modern period (15th-18th centuries)?

In the early modern period, universities began to secularize, expanding curricula beyond theology to include sciences, arts, and humanities. This shift was influenced by the rise of nation-states, which further shaped educational priorities.

How did industrialization impact higher education in Europe during the 19th and early 20th centuries?

Industrialization led to the expansion of higher education to meet economic demands, with universities focusing more on technical and scientific research. Higher education became accessible to a wider range of social classes during this period.

What was the significance of universities like Bologna and Oxford in medieval Europe?

Universities like Bologna, founded in 1088, and Oxford, founded in 1167, played pivotal roles in shaping medieval European education. Bologna set a model for legal education, while Oxford became known for theological and philosophical studies.

How did the German, French, and English models of higher education differ in the 19th century?

The German model, led by figures like Wilhelm von Humboldt, emphasized research and scientific discovery. The French model was centralized and utilitarian, focusing on state needs like engineering and medicine. The English model remained collegial, with a focus on moral and religious education alongside vocational training.

What is the significance of the ‘massification’ of higher education after World War II?

The massification of higher education expanded access to education globally, driven by the need to rebuild after World War II and the recognition of education as a driver of economic growth and social development.

How did the Erasmus program contribute to higher education in Europe?

Launched in 1987, the Erasmus program promoted student mobility and cross-border academic collaboration, allowing students to study in different European countries and enhancing their education and cultural understanding.

What was the purpose of the European Union's Lisbon Strategy concerning higher education?

The Lisbon Strategy aimed to make Europe the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world. It highlighted the importance of higher education in driving innovation, economic growth, and international collaboration.

What impact did the Humoldtian model have on European higher education?

The Humboldtian model, pioneered in Germany, emphasized the integration of teaching and research, promoting academic freedom and intellectual development. It shifted universities from being primarily vocational to centers of knowledge and innovation.