2do gobierno de Fernando Belaúnde Terry

Summary

This video script explores key events in Peru during the 1980s, focusing on the political turmoil, economic struggles, and the rise of Alan García. It discusses significant events like the Canto Grande prison rebellion, the introduction of the *inti* currency, and corruption scandals, including the *Caso Ocuparte*. The script highlights García's election in 1985, his charismatic leadership, and the challenges his government would face, eventually leading to controversy. The content offers a detailed account of the era, setting the stage for the first term of García's presidency, and provides a critical lens on the decade's events.

Takeaways

• 😀 The 1980s in Peru were marked by political instability, with significant events such as the deaths of hostages and prisoners during the 1984 rebellion.
• 😀 The creation of the 'Inti' currency in 1985 was an attempt to counter the hyperinflation and devaluation of the Peruvian sol, but it ultimately failed.
• 😀 A new regionalization law aimed to divide Peru into regions was introduced in 1984, but it faced challenges and was not fully implemented.
• 😀 The country's economic challenges included a rising external debt, which reached 14 billion dollars by the end of Belaunde's term.
• 😀 The government of Fernando Belaunde saw major corruption scandals, including the Ocuparte case, involving the misappropriation of funds in prison construction.
• 😀 Another scandal was the case of ships purchased for the Peruvian navy, with millions in funds misappropriated during the transaction.
• 😀 The 'Vía Coca' scandal implicated high-ranking police officers who were involved with drug cartels, contributing to the corruption of the time.
• 😀 In 1985, Alan García, a young and charismatic leader, rose to prominence, becoming the candidate for the Aprista party in the general elections.
• 😀 The elections saw a second-round contest between Alan García and Alfonso Barrantes, with García eventually securing a victory despite not obtaining a majority in the first round.
• 😀 The Aprista party achieved significant representation in Congress, securing a majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and Senate, giving García a strong political base for his government.

Q & A

What were the major social and political issues faced by Peru during the 1980s?

Peru faced significant social and political unrest during the 1980s, including violent protests, prison uprisings, and a deteriorating security situation. Economic challenges, such as inflation and a high external debt, also contributed to political instability. Corruption scandals, including those involving narcotrafficking and government officials, further exacerbated the situation.

What was the outcome of the 1980 prison uprising and how did it affect the country?

The 1980 prison uprising led to the deaths of 22 hostages and 40 prisoners. This violent event highlighted the instability within the country and the dangers posed by organized crime and corruption. It also drew attention to the poor conditions within the penal system and fueled public dissatisfaction with the government's handling of security.

What reforms were introduced in Peru in the early 1980s, and how successful were they?

Several legal reforms were introduced in the 1980s, including the Law of Municipalities (1984) and the Law of National Planning (1984), aimed at regionalizing the country. However, these reforms were largely unsuccessful, as they did not result in significant lasting changes and were seen as largely symbolic efforts rather than substantial policy changes.

Why was the creation of the inti currency in 1985 important, and what was its fate?

The inti currency was created in 1985 to address Peru's severe inflation and devalued sol. However, despite this effort, the inti failed to stabilize the economy and lost value quickly. It was eventually replaced by the new sol in 1991, which was pegged to a much lower value than the inti, highlighting the failure of the inti to restore confidence in the national currency.

What role did Pope John Paul II's visit to Peru play in the country during the 1980s?

Pope John Paul II visited Peru in 1985, marking a significant religious and cultural event for the country. His visit, which included the beatification of Sor Anna de los Ángeles, played a role in unifying the population and reinforcing the influence of the Catholic Church during a time of political and social turmoil.

What were some of the key infrastructure and development projects supported by the government during this period?

The government supported several major infrastructure and energy projects, including agro-energy initiatives like the Chira, Tinajones, and Margen projects, as well as the construction of hydroelectric plants such as the Carhuamayo and Chavimóchic projects. These initiatives aimed to boost the economy and improve the country’s energy infrastructure.

What were the major corruption scandals that occurred during the first term of President Fernando Belaunde?

Several corruption scandals plagued Fernando Belaunde's administration, including the 'Ocuparte' case, which involved the mismanagement of funds for prison construction, and the 'Mantaro and Paquete' boat scandal, where funds for purchasing ships were misused, leading to a loss of millions of dollars. Additionally, the 'Vía Coca' scandal involved high-ranking police officers being linked to drug trafficking networks.

How did Alan García's rise to power in 1985 reflect the political mood in Peru?

Alan García's rise to power in 1985 reflected a shift toward a populist leader who could address the widespread dissatisfaction with the economic and political situation. His strong oratory skills and youth appeal resonated with the public, and his victory in the elections marked a significant moment for the APRA party, which had long been out of power.

What were the main challenges faced by Alan García during his first term as president?

Despite strong public support and political backing from congress, Alan García faced significant economic challenges during his first term, including high inflation, rising external debt, and widespread poverty. His government struggled to implement effective reforms and was tainted by corruption scandals and an inability to resolve the country's financial crisis.

What was the significance of the 1985 elections in terms of party politics in Peru?

The 1985 elections were significant because they marked the return of the APRA party to power after a long period of political exclusion. Alan García’s victory was a major shift in the political landscape, as the APRA secured a strong mandate. The election also highlighted the fragmentation of the opposition, with multiple candidates from different parties vying for power but failing to unify against García's popularity.