Opplysningstiden og revolusjonene - 3/5 - Den franske revolusjonen

profnick
11 May 201514:56

Summary

TLDRThe script delves into the French Revolution, detailing the financial crisis under King Louis XVI, the pivotal role of the Estates-General and its transition to the National Assembly. It highlights the Tennis Court Oath, the storming of the Bastille, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The revolution's reforms dismantled feudalism and the Church's power, leading to a constitutional monarchy. Despite the radical phase and the Reign of Terror, the revolution's ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity influenced European nationalism and the rise of modern nation-states.

Takeaways

  • đŸ›ïž The French Revolution was a highly eventful period that began with financial crises and ended with significant societal and political changes.
  • đŸ€Ž King Louis XVI, despite being an absolute monarch, was unable to raise taxes without the consent of the Estates-General, which had not been convened for 175 years.
  • đŸ—Łïž The Estates-General was comprised of three estates: the Clergy, the Nobility, and the Third Estate representing the common people, with each estate having one vote.
  • 🔄 The Third Estate, representing the majority of the population, protested against the unfair representation and declared themselves the National Assembly, demanding a more equitable system.
  • 📜 On June 20, 1789, the National Assembly promised to create a constitution, aiming to transform France from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy.
  • đŸŽŸ The 'Tennis Court Oath' on June 20, 1789, symbolized the determination of the National Assembly to create a new constitution, even after being locked out of their meeting place by the king.
  • 🏰 The storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, by the people of Paris marked a turning point in the revolution, symbolizing the public's resistance to royal authority and the beginning of radical changes.
  • 📜 The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen on August 26, 1789, was a foundational document that established the rights and freedoms of individuals, reflecting the revolutionary ideals of liberty and equality.
  • 🛑 The revolution led to the abolition of feudal privileges and the dismantling of the old order, including the privileges of the nobility and the power of the Catholic Church.
  • ⚖ The revolution's reforms included the confiscation of Church lands, the reorganization of France into departments, and the establishment of a more inclusive system of governance.
  • 🔄 The French Revolution ultimately led to the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, who himself became Emperor after a period of republican rule, and whose conquests spread revolutionary ideas across Europe.

Q & A

  • What was the financial situation of France before the French Revolution?

    -France was in a financial crisis, in debt, due to its involvement in the American Revolution.

  • Why did King Louis XVI convene the Estates-General after 175 years?

    -King Louis XVI called for the Estates-General to address the financial crisis and to raise taxes without directly opposing the nobility.

  • What were the three estates in the Estates-General and how were they represented?

    -The three estates were the Clergy (First Estate), the Nobility (Second Estate), and the Commoners (Third Estate). Each estate had one vote, but the Third Estate represented the majority of the population.

  • Why did the representatives of the Third Estate protest against the Estates-General?

    -The representatives of the Third Estate protested because they believed the representation was unfair, as the privileged First and Second Estates could outvote the much larger Third Estate.

  • What significant event occurred on June 20th, 1789, related to the French Revolution?

    -On June 20th, 1789, the National Assembly (formerly the Third Estate) declared itself the National Constituent Assembly, promising to create a constitution and transform France into a constitutional monarchy.

  • What is the significance of the Tennis Court Oath?

    -The Tennis Court Oath was a pivotal moment where the National Constituent Assembly swore to create a new constitution for France, symbolizing the commitment to change and the beginning of the end for absolute monarchy.

  • What was the impact of the Storming of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789?

    -The Storming of the Bastille symbolized the people's rebellion against the monarchy and marked a turning point in the French Revolution, leading to the eventual fall of the monarchy.

  • What were the key principles outlined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen on August 26, 1789?

    -The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen established fundamental rights such as liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression, and it emphasized equality before the law.

  • How did the French Revolution lead to the abolition of feudalism and privileges of the nobility?

    -The National Constituent Assembly abolished the privileges of the nobility and feudalism on August 4, 1789, with a stroke of the pen, effectively ending the nobility's tax exemptions and other special rights.

  • What changes did the French Revolution bring to the Catholic Church in France?

    -The Revolution led to the confiscation of Church lands and the transformation of clergy into state employees, significantly reducing the Catholic Church's power and influence in France.

  • How did the French Revolution influence the political landscape of Europe?

    -The French Revolution and its subsequent wars spread revolutionary ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity across Europe, leading to the adoption of constitutions and the rise of nationalism in various European countries.

Outlines

00:00

đŸ›ïž The French Revolution's Initial Crisis

The French Revolution began during a time of financial crisis for France, exacerbated by its support for the American Revolution. King Louis XVI, who was quite young at the time, faced the challenge of addressing the nation's debt without antagonizing the nobility or increasing taxes. The Estates-General, which had not been convened since 1614, was called to address the financial crisis. This assembly consisted of three estates: the Clergy, the Nobility, and the Third Estate, representing the common people. However, the Third Estate, which was the most populous, was underrepresented, leading to protests and the formation of the National Assembly. The National Assembly, seeking to create a constitution, was opposed by the king, leading to the famous 'Tennis Court Oath,' where they pledged to continue meeting until a constitution was established. This event marked a significant step towards transforming France from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy.

05:02

📜 The Revolutionary Reforms and the Declaration of the Rights of Man

The French Revolution led to significant reforms, including the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which was inspired by the American Bill of Rights and emphasized civil liberties such as freedom of speech. The revolution abolished the privileges of the nobility and feudalism, with the National Assembly swiftly ending the nobility's tax exemptions and other privileges. The Church's land was confiscated, and the clergy became state employees. Military reforms ensured that promotions were based on merit rather than noble birth. Internal toll barriers were removed, and the country was reorganized into departments, aligning with the modern administrative divisions of France. These reforms were part of a broader effort to create a more egalitarian society, although they were accompanied by violence and upheaval.

10:03

đŸ—œ The Radical Phase and the Reign of Terror

The French Revolution entered a radical phase with the rise of the Jacobins and the Committee of Public Safety, which led to the Reign of Terror. This period saw the execution of approximately 40,000 people, including King Louis XVI, who was executed in 1793. The revolution consumed its own, as those perceived as not revolutionary enough or counter-revolutionary were executed. The Jacobins, under figures like Maximilien Robespierre, attempted to establish a new calendar and a deistic state religion, further distancing themselves from Christianity. This radical phase ended with the Thermidorian Reaction, which overthrew the Jacobins and led to a more moderate government. The revolution's ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity were spread across Europe, influencing the development of nationalism and the formation of modern nation-states.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political change in France that lasted from 1789 until the late 1790s. It marked the decline of powerful monarchies and the rise of democracy and nationalism. In the video, the revolution is described as eventful and pivotal, with the storming of the Bastille being a key symbol of the people's uprising against the monarchy.

💡Louis XVI

Louis XVI was the King of France who was overthrown during the French Revolution. His reign was marked by financial crises, and he was eventually executed by guillotine. In the video, Louis XVI is depicted as a young king who faced the challenge of addressing the financial crisis without antagonizing the nobility.

💡Estates-General

The Estates-General was a general assembly representing the three estates of the realm in the Kingdom of France. It had not been convened since 1614, but was called again by Louis XVI to address the financial crisis. The video explains the composition of the Estates-General and how it was eventually superseded by the National Assembly.

💡National Assembly

The National Assembly was a revolutionary assembly during the French Revolution, which declared itself the governing body of France. It was initially composed of representatives from the Third Estate and later became the legislative body of the new government. The video highlights the National Assembly's role in drafting a new constitution and its defiance against the king's attempts to suppress it.

💡Tennis Court Oath

The Tennis Court Oath was a pivotal event during the French Revolution, where the members of the Third Estate pledged to remain assembled until they had given France a new constitution. The video mentions this oath as a significant moment that demonstrated the determination of the revolutionaries.

💡Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

This is a fundamental document of the French Revolution that defined a set of individual and collective rights of the people. It was adopted in August 1789 and is considered a cornerstone of human rights. The video emphasizes its importance as a precursor to the American Bill of Rights and its influence on the principles of liberty and equality.

💡Abolition of Feudalism

Feudalism was a social, legal, and economic system of land tenure that was abolished during the French Revolution. The video describes how the National Assembly swiftly abolished the privileges of the nobility and the feudal system, which had been a source of inequality and injustice.

💡Civil Constitution of the Clergy

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was a law passed during the French Revolution that subordinated the Catholic Church to the state. It was part of the broader effort to reduce the influence of the Church and to nationalize Church property. The video touches on this as a significant reform that changed the relationship between the state and the Church.

💡Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror was a period of the French Revolution when the Committee of Public Safety, led by Maximilien Robespierre, executed thousands of perceived enemies of the revolution. The video describes this period as a time when the revolution consumed its own, leading to the execution of many, including Robespierre himself.

💡Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Bonaparte was a military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and its associated wars. He later established himself as Emperor of the First French Empire. The video outlines Napoleon's rise to power, his military campaigns, and the eventual fall that led to his exile.

💡LibertĂ©, ÉgalitĂ©, FraternitĂ©

These are the national motto of France, meaning 'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity'. They were adopted during the French Revolution and symbolize the core values that the revolution aimed to establish. The video mentions these as the guiding principles of the revolution and how they continue to be relevant in modern France.

Highlights

The French Revolution was a pivotal event marked by financial crisis and the call for a constitutional monarchy.

Louis XVI, despite being an absolute monarch, could not raise taxes without the consent of the Estates-General, which had not been convened for 175 years.

The Estates-General was composed of three estates: the Clergy, the Nobility, and the Third Estate representing the commoners.

The Third Estate, representing the majority of the population, protested against the unfair representation and declared themselves the National Assembly.

On June 20, the National Assembly promised to create a constitution, aiming to transform France into a constitutional monarchy.

The Tennis Court Oath was a significant event where the National Assembly swore to continue meeting until a new constitution was established.

The storming of the Bastille on July 14 symbolized the people's resistance against the oppressive monarchy and marked the beginning of radical changes.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted on August 26, 1789, laid the foundation for individual liberties and equality.

The abolition of noble privileges and feudalism was a significant step towards equality and dismantling the old order.

The confiscation of Church lands was a move to reduce the power of the Catholic Church and further secularize the state.

The reorganization of France into departments was a step towards centralization and the establishment of a more uniform administrative system.

The French Revolution led to the spread of revolutionary ideals such as liberty, equality, and fraternity across Europe.

The radical phase of the revolution saw the rise of the Jacobins and the Reign of Terror, which led to the execution of thousands.

The French Revolution resulted in the establishment of a republic and the adoption of the tricolor flag as a symbol of the new regime.

Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power and his eventual self-coronation as Emperor marked a return to authoritarian rule, despite the revolutionary ideals.

The Napoleonic Wars spread French revolutionary ideas across Europe but also led to a series of conflicts that challenged the stability of the continent.

The fall of Napoleon and the subsequent return of the Bourbon monarchy showed the tumultuous nature of the political landscape in post-revolutionary France.

The French Revolution's legacy includes the promotion of nationalism and the establishment of constitutional governments across Europe.

Transcripts

play00:00

Den franske revolusjonen er sÄpass

play00:01

begivenhetsrik at det er ingen tid Ă„

play00:03

miste Jeg mÄ sette i gang eh det

play00:05

eneveldige Frankrike her under Louis den

play00:09

16 eh ikke Solkongen Louis den 14 AltsÄ

play00:12

dette her var tipp tippoldebarn tenk han

play00:15

var ganske ung pÄ dette tidspunktet eh

play00:17

Frankrike var i gjeldskrise finanskrise

play00:20

etter Ă„ ha hjulpet USA i den amerikanske

play00:24

revolusjonen tenk eh og det som Louis

play00:27

den 16 er nĂždt til Ă„ gjĂžre da selv om

play00:29

han er eneveldig sÄ tÞr han ikke gÄ mot

play00:31

Adelen og heve skatter helt uten videre

play00:34

sÄ han kaller in stenderforsamlingen det

play00:36

er liksom tilsvarende Parlament Men

play00:39

saken er at stenderforsamlingen hadde

play00:41

ikke blitt sammenkalt siden 1614 175 Ă„r

play00:45

fÞr eh Men jeg mÄ pÄpeke

play00:48

stenderforsamlingen da mĂžtes de tre

play00:51

stendene

play00:52

Adelen de geistlige altsÄ kirken og

play00:56

tredjestanden som er bare resten og og

play01:00

greia er i en sten forsamling er at OK

play01:03

det er noen visse mennesker som liksom

play01:05

representerer de tre stenene men hver

play01:08

stand har en stemme sÄ det betyr at de

play01:11

to privilegerte stenene har de vil jo

play01:15

slÄ den mye mye stÞrre tredje standen

play01:18

uansett sÄ det som er viktig Ä pÄpeke

play01:20

her er at den tredje standen dens

play01:23

representanter protesterte ganske

play01:25

kraftig mot mot denne urettferdige

play01:27

ordningen ikke sant og sÄ og kalte seg

play01:31

selv nasjonalforsamling altsÄ cirka en

play01:34

mÄ mÄned etter at Sten forsamlingen ble

play01:37

sammenkalt sÄ og de har fortsatt ikke

play01:39

kommet til noen enighet om hvordan de

play01:41

skal lĂžse problemet med med finansene eh

play01:45

fordi Adelen har ikke lyst til Ă„ heve

play01:47

skattene pÄ seg selv greia er at de

play01:49

betalte ikke skatt i det hele tatt

play01:52

ehm og tredjestanden som representerer

play01:55

mesteparten av Frankrike eh synes jo at

play01:59

de er den egentlige nasjonalforsamlingen

play02:02

sÄ de kaller seg det og sÄ mener at de

play02:04

representerer hele Frankrike ikke sant

play02:06

eh 20 juni Dette er en viktig dato

play02:09

Egentlig sÄ lovet de Ä lage en grunnlov

play02:13

altsÄ nasjonalforsamlingen disse de

play02:15

seller erklĂŠrt den selverklĂŠrte

play02:17

nasjonalforsamlingen lovet Ă„ lage en

play02:19

grunnlov gjĂžre det eneveldige Frankrike

play02:22

om til et konstitusjonelt monarki og

play02:25

Dette kalles bhen fordi eh greia er at

play02:29

kongen likte ikke dette at de kalte seg

play02:31

en nasjonalforsamling og prÞvde og sÄ de

play02:34

ville bare ha mÞter for seg selv og sÄnt

play02:36

sÄ han stengte lokalene der De mÞttes Og

play02:39

sÄ mÄtte de heller finne et annet sted

play02:40

sÄ de fant en tennishall og det er

play02:43

derfor det heter bhushan altsÄ

play02:45

tennishall Eden heter det egentlig pÄ

play02:47

engelsk the Tennis Court oath eh og

play02:49

dette er veldig viktig eh fortsatt sÄ sÄ

play02:52

var

play02:53

kongen altsÄ hadde mistillit til dem men

play02:56

turte ikke ogsÄ sÄ gÄ mot dem helt han

play02:58

bare liksom stengte lokalen De mĂžttes i

play03:01

men til slutt en uke senere her sÄ

play03:04

anerkjente kongen faktisk dette

play03:07

at nÄ Det er ikke noen Sten forsamling

play03:10

lenger Det er en nasjonalforsamling og

play03:12

det skal vĂŠre mer rettferdig ordning med

play03:15

hensyn til til innflytelse sÄ han gÄr

play03:18

faktisk med pÄ at eneveldet skal

play03:21

avvikles og og nasjonalforsamlingen skal

play03:24

skrive en grunnlov men dette her er

play03:27

kanskje det mest berĂžmte bildet fra den

play03:28

franske revolusjonen som man forbinder

play03:30

med den franske revolusjonen i

play03:33

1789 og det er 14 juli stormingen av

play03:37

Bastillen fordi det var mange

play03:38

misfornĂžyde vanlige folk Husk at de som

play03:41

representerer tredjestanden i

play03:42

stenderforsamlingen og i

play03:44

nasjonalforsamlingen det er gjerne litt

play03:45

rikere borgerskap men det fantes fattige

play03:48

mennesker i Paris som protesterte

play03:51

mot krise i jordbruket hĂžyere

play03:54

brĂždprodukter

play04:00

fengsel selv om det var ikke mange

play04:01

mennesker som var fanger der var ogsÄ

play04:03

var ogsÄ et vÄpen Depot sÄ de kunne

play04:05

skaffe noe vÄpen men Bastillen

play04:08

representerte egentlig undertrykkelsen

play04:10

under det eneveldige Frankrike fordi

play04:13

kongen kunne slenge politiske fiender

play04:16

folk han ikke likte i fangehullet i

play04:18

Bastillen ikke sant Ehm sÄ egentlig det

play04:21

som skjer her er at kongen blir satt pÄ

play04:24

siden og det er heller

play04:27

nasjonalforsamlingen som blir styrende

play04:29

om Ä gjÞre ting for og sÄ fÄ orden fordi

play04:33

stormingen av Bastillen selv om det er

play04:34

ikke organisert av nasjonalforsamlingen

play04:36

Det er helt spontant egentlig sÄ er det

play04:39

revolusjonen i lufta og ting mÄ gjÞres

play04:42

landet skal endre seg og det da Da

play04:45

kommer vi inn pÄ den franske

play04:46

revolusjonens reformer og kanskje Det

play04:49

viktigste er erklĂŠringen om menneskets

play04:51

og borgerens rettigheter av

play04:55

26 august som er deres som er egentlig

play04:58

Frankrikes Bill wrs pÄ dette tidspunktet

play05:01

Ja interessant er at den amerikanske

play05:03

Bill of wrs var jo ikke ferdig fĂžr i

play05:05

1791 og dette er i 17 89 sÄ det er jo

play05:09

fĂžr det Og der er det alle disse

play05:12

rettighetene borgerrettigheter som alle

play05:15

skal ha og her fÄr man med ytringsfrihet

play05:17

som man ikke har hatt fĂžr i man har ikke

play05:19

hatt det etter eneveldig monarkiet og og

play05:23

sÄnne ting altsÄ noe som er veldig

play05:26

viktig her da er at de skulle gjĂžre folk

play05:29

like og det de gjorde Allerede fĂžr

play05:31

erklĂŠringen om menneskehet og borgerens

play05:33

rettigheter var at de avskaffet adelens

play05:37

privilegier og De sa at de avskaffet

play05:40

feudalism Men selvfĂžlgelig feudalism var

play05:42

jo ikke helt det den hadde vĂŠrt siden

play05:44

det var et enevelde men gods herrer ikke

play05:48

sant Adel pÄ lavere nivÄ der de har de

play05:51

har serfer nesten bĂžnner som jobber for

play05:55

seg hadde jo store privilegier i det

play05:57

hele tatt sÄ hadde adlen privilegier med

play05:59

hensyn til til at de trengte ikke Ă„

play06:00

betale skatt og andre ting sÄ dette ble

play06:02

avskaffet med en gang med et pennestrĂžk

play06:05

av nasjonalforsamlingen 4 August og det

play06:07

er ingenting som adlen kan gjĂžre og

play06:09

kongen kan ikke gjĂžre noe som helst

play06:10

heller eh senere Det Äret sÄ konfiskerte

play06:13

de Kirkens jord eh Dette er jo veldig

play06:16

viktig det skulle bryte ned Kirkens makt

play06:18

den katolske Kirkens makt i Frankrike

play06:21

Äret etterpÄ sÄ kom det mange flere

play06:23

reformer Kirk reform som gjorde at

play06:26

prester NĂ„ ble statsansatte

play06:29

eh militĂŠr reform som sĂžrger for at

play06:32

adels folk skulle ikke lenger bare fÄ

play06:35

hĂžyere grader i militĂŠre bare fordi de

play06:38

var Adel faktisk sÄ avskaffet de Adel

play06:41

adels titler ikke sant Du er ikke lenger

play06:43

en Baron eller hert eller sÄnne ting de

play06:45

avskaffet det i 1790 og sÄ avskaffet de

play06:48

ogsÄ indre tol barrierer som er en sÄnn

play06:50

greie med at Frankrike selv om det var

play06:51

et enevelde sÄ var det ikke en ekte

play06:54

nasjonalstat Og det hadde var indre

play06:55

tobar erer som som adels folk kun sette

play06:58

opp sÄ det var veldig sÄnn irriterende

play06:59

SĂ„ her er det veldig mye som som den nye

play07:03

revolusjonÊre nasjonalforsamlingen fÄr

play07:05

gjort som endrer samfunnet ganske

play07:08

kraftig til slutt sÄ fikk de skrevet

play07:10

ferdig grunnloven sin i september 1791

play07:13

og Frankrike ble offisielt et

play07:14

konstitusjonelt monarki og 60% av

play07:18

Mennene fikk stemmerett eh ganske mye

play07:20

men det var faktisk et sÄnn merkelig

play07:22

system der disse 60% skulle stemme pÄ

play07:25

andre som skulle stemme pÄ de som kunne

play07:27

bli medlemmer av nasjonalforsamlingen sÄ

play07:30

det var enda mer eksklusivt den som sÄ

play07:33

eh og sÄ i tillegg sÄ reorganiserte de i

play07:35

Frankrike i departement som er liksom

play07:38

fylkene som Frankrike fortsatt har sÄ sÄ

play07:41

sÄ alt som har med med gammel Adel makt

play07:44

feudalism len og sÄnne ting ble

play07:48

fjernet men det blir krig de franske

play07:51

revolusjon krigene 20 april 1792 sÄ

play07:54

erklĂŠrte faktisk Frankrike krig mot

play07:56

Østerrike og stor Grunnen til det er

play07:58

fordi man visste at alle nabolandene de

play08:01

eneveldige monarki rundt eh Frankrike

play08:06

var mot revolusjonen de fryktet at de

play08:08

skulle invadere fÞrst sÄ sÄ man ville ta

play08:11

ha en

play08:13

[Applaus]

play08:20

forkjĂžpsrett avskaffet Frankrike ble en

play08:23

republikk de fikk det flagget som de

play08:25

fortsatt har den dag i dag trikoloren

play08:28

som er liksom revolus nĂŠre fargene

play08:31

eh et nytt nasjonalen som er liksom den

play08:35

nye nasjonalforsamlingen skulle styre og

play08:37

da faktisk valgt med allmenn mannlig

play08:40

stemmerett Alle Menn kunne stemme veldig

play08:42

revolusjonÊrt altsÄ og helt for ut for

play08:44

sin tid 21 januar 1793 sÄ ble kongen Ek

play08:49

kongen heller da fordi det de var

play08:51

allerede blitt en republikk henrettet og

play08:55

krigen forĂžvrig som var ikke bare mot

play08:57

Østerrike men mot mange mange

play08:59

forskjellige land mange forskjellige

play09:00

koalisjoner eh innebar et tiÄr med krig

play09:05

der de kunne spre revolusjonĂŠr

play09:07

republikanisme til nye steder som vi ser

play09:10

pÄ kartet sÊrlig Italia og

play09:14

eh Nederland eh Sveits Fikk nye styrer

play09:19

Nederland og sveiz var allerede

play09:21

republikanske da selvfĂžlgelig men denne

play09:23

revolusjonĂŠre republikanisme der Det

play09:25

skulle endre sÄ mye revolusjonens

play09:27

idealer er frihet likhet og brorskap og

play09:30

det er sÄ de tre eh kjennetegnene her

play09:33

libert egalité fraternité som

play09:35

republikken Frankrike i dag fortsatt har

play09:37

som sin i sin logo faktisk sÄ

play09:42

revolusjonens radikale periode for H for

play09:45

sÄ fÄ frem dette at det var veldig

play09:46

veldig radikalt her de hadde revolusjon

play09:48

kalenderen helt utrolig de skulle gÄ

play09:51

bort fra det systemen man fortsatt har

play09:54

nÄ men de skulle over til metrisk tid

play09:56

det skulle vĂŠre 10 timer i dĂžgnet og 10

play10:00

10 dager i uka hadde fortsatt 12 mÄneder

play10:03

men de skulle alle fÄ nye navn og sÄnne

play10:05

ting og det Det betyr for de faktisk

play10:06

avskaffet sÞndag sÄ dette er veldig

play10:08

antikrist de gÄr lengre de bannlyste

play10:11

katolisismen i denne perioden eh og sÄ

play10:14

skulle de heller ha en sÄnn fornuftens

play10:16

kult en ateistisk eller deis religion

play10:19

altsÄ ateistisk der man ikke tror pÄ

play10:21

noen Gud deis der man tror pÄ en anonym

play10:24

Gud da i hvert fall SĂ„ det er ikke

play10:26

akkurat en som ikke den kristne kristne

play10:29

guden i hvert fall eh den radikale

play10:32

Jakobiner maximilien RS Unnskyld robs

play10:35

Pierre eh og velferdskomiteen som

play10:38

egentlig heter komiteen for offentlig

play10:40

sikkerhet styrte pÄ dette tidspunktet og

play10:44

det var et skrekk regimet man kaller det

play10:47

skrekkveldet terrorvelde i dette Ă„ret

play10:50

fra sommeren 93 til sommeren 94 de

play10:52

henrettet 40 000 mennesker det kalles at

play10:56

revolusjonen begynte Ă„ spise sine egne V

play10:59

egentlig dette er eh de de drepte folk

play11:02

som de mente var mot revolusjonĂŠre eller

play11:04

som ikke var revolusjonĂŠre nok det endte

play11:06

med at revolusjonen spiste sine egne

play11:08

robs Pier selv denne Diktatoren ble

play11:11

henrettet i juli 1794 og sÄ var det et

play11:15

mer moderat lederskap som tok tok over

play11:18

etter det sÄ kommer Napoleon General

play11:21

Napoleon Bonaparte som har vĂŠrt med i

play11:22

alle disse krigene og blitt en krigshelt

play11:25

han gjennomfĂžrte et statskupp i 1799 NĂ„

play11:28

er det han som skal styre og han var mer

play11:30

konservativ igjen eh FÞrst sÄ var det

play11:32

sÄnn at tre konsuler skulle lede staten

play11:34

sÄ han Han var kalt det nesten sÄ

play11:37

istedet for president sÄ var de konsuler

play11:40

minner om Romerriket egentlig men

play11:43

eh altsÄ at i 1802 sÄ endte krigene men

play11:47

det vle ikke lenge fĂžr krig begynner

play11:49

igjen i 1803 og da ble de kalt

play11:51

napoleonskrigene siden han er den nye

play11:54

sjefen i Frankrike eh Oi Napoleon kronet

play11:59

seg selv keiser i 1804 helt utrolig han

play12:02

var jo republikaner Men nÄ skal han

play12:04

gjeninnfĂžre monarkiet eh veldig spesielt

play12:08

og han erobra mesteparten av Europa og

play12:11

sÄ gjorde han sine slektninger til

play12:13

konger i de forskjellige landene og

play12:15

dette hĂžres jo helt sykt ut da

play12:17

revolusjonen med republikanisme er jo

play12:19

helt borte nÄ men han var fortsatt

play12:22

opplyst sÄ lovboken kod Napoleon den

play12:26

napoleonskaker eh sikkerhets i frihet

play12:29

eiendomsrett likhet for loven selv om

play12:32

det var altsÄ en ny Adel med Napoleon og

play12:35

hans familie sÄ skulle alle vÊre like

play12:38

fortsatt han spredte dette til de

play12:39

landene han erob det begynte Ä gÄ dÄrlig

play12:42

for Napoleon fra 1812 etter at han

play12:43

invaderte Russland og sÄ endte opp med

play12:45

at han overga seg i 1814 men han kom

play12:48

tilbake igjen Og sÄ kjempet litt til

play12:51

tapte endelig ved water i 1815 og det

play12:54

var det sÄ perspektivet helt til slutt

play12:57

revolusjonen innebar et Vold brudd med

play12:59

alle tradisjonelle autoriteter eh kirken

play13:03

monarkiet Adelen AltsÄ dette er det var

play13:06

en veldig voldelig revolusjon pÄ grunn

play13:08

av dette tenk pÄ en sÄnn motsetning til

play13:10

den amerikanske der de ikke hadde Adel

play13:13

og monarki og en mektig kirke til Ă„

play13:16

gjĂžre opprĂžr mot selv om det endte med

play13:19

tap sÄ ble ikke enevelde gjeninnfÞrt

play13:23

etter Napoleon faktisk sÄ sÄ det var

play13:25

fortsatt et et nytt en ny type

play13:27

nasjonalforsamling etterpÄ

play13:29

eh men selv om det gamle monarkiet

play13:33

Eh en en slektning av kanskje broren

play13:36

tror jeg av kongen som ble henrettet ble

play13:38

konge igjen i 1815 Frankrike gjennomgikk

play13:42

faktisk flere revolusjoner dette her

play13:43

bildet her er fra 1830 revolusjonen sÄ

play13:46

var det enda i 1848 og da endte altsÄ

play13:50

Frankrike endte til slutt som en

play13:52

republikk som de er den dag i dag Ikke

play13:54

sant krigene spredte revolusjonens

play13:56

tankegods i Europa altsÄ n USA ikke

play13:59

kunne gjĂžre den amerikanske revolusjonen

play14:01

var bare sÄnn noe som foregikk pÄ et

play14:03

annet kontinent Frankrike var jo i

play14:05

Europa og krigen revolusjon krigene

play14:08

involverte alle land i Europa sÄ da ble

play14:11

jo tankegods spredt ganske godt da etter

play14:14

hvert fikk alle europeiske land

play14:16

grunnlover basert pÄ frihet og likhet

play14:19

det var det som den franske revolusjonen

play14:21

fĂžrte til i Europa selv om den i

play14:23

utgangspunktet endte med tap ikke sant

play14:26

brorskap bare for Ă„ ta det tredje

play14:29

slagordet pÄvirket faktisk utviklingen

play14:31

av nasjonalisme i Italia og og andre

play14:35

steder Tyskland Italia var mer liberal

play14:37

nasjonalisme inspirert etter franske

play14:39

revolusjonen men i det hele tatt at

play14:42

Tyskland skulle ogsÄ bli styrt mer som

play14:43

en nasjonalstat som Frankrike hadde

play14:45

blitt klart og sÄ bli mer som en moderat

play14:48

Unnskyld En moderne nasjonalstat pÄ

play14:50

grunn av denne krigen eh og revolusjonen

play14:53

det var det Tusen takk

Rate This
★
★
★
★
★

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Related Tags
French RevolutionHistorical EventsSocial ChangeLibertyEqualityFraternityLouis XVINapoleon BonaparteEuropean HistoryRevolutionary Ideas