GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

Summary

The discussion revolves around global governance, emphasizing the role of international organizations like the United Nations in promoting peace and order globally. Using the example of the Philippines under President Duterte, it highlights tensions between national sovereignty and global institutions such as the International Court of Justice, especially regarding human rights violations and extrajudicial killings. The talk further explores the UN’s structure, including key bodies like the General Assembly, Security Council, and World Health Organization, illustrating their influence on global standards and coordination during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Global governance is like a round table where countries connect and interact to maintain international relationships.
• 🛡️ Governance at the global level mirrors national governance but is aimed at maintaining peace and order across the world.
• 🇵🇭 President Duterte emphasized the Philippines' sovereignty, opposing the involvement of international courts like the International Court of Justice in local matters.
• 🤝 The Philippines is a signatory to international organizations like the United Nations, signifying its commitment to international norms and processes.
• 🌐 Global governance includes policies, norms, and initiatives aimed at creating stability and predictability across nations.
• ⚔️ Territorial conflicts, such as those between the Philippines and China, highlight the complexities in global governance, especially when powerful countries are involved.
• 🏥 Organizations like the World Health Organization play a key role in global governance, setting standards during global crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.
• 🏛️ International organizations, such as the United Nations, establish global standards and norms that member states follow to ensure worldwide cooperation.
• 💼 The United Nations, founded after World War II, plays a central role in global governance, with various organs like the General Assembly, Security Council, and International Court of Justice.
• 📜 The Philippines has a representative in the United Nations General Assembly, showcasing its active role in global governance.

Q & A

What is the concept of global governance as described in the script?

Global governance refers to the various intersecting processes that create the world order, involving institutions, policies, norms, procedures, and initiatives through which states and their citizens try to bring predictability, stability, and order in response to transnational challenges.

How does global governance relate to the concept of national sovereignty?

Global governance intersects with national sovereignty when international bodies, like the United Nations or the International Court of Justice, become involved in issues typically managed by individual states. An example discussed in the script is when former Philippine President Duterte rejected the International Court of Justice’s investigation into extrajudicial killings, asserting the Philippines’ sovereignty.

Why did President Duterte reject the involvement of the International Court of Justice in investigating extrajudicial killings in the Philippines?

President Duterte rejected the involvement because he believed that the Philippines is a sovereign state with its own judicial system, and therefore, international bodies like the International Court of Justice should not interfere in the country’s internal matters.

What role does the United Nations play in global governance?

The United Nations plays a central role in global governance by implementing peace and order across countries, establishing global standards, and coordinating responses to international issues through its various bodies, such as the General Assembly, Security Council, and International Court of Justice.

What are the six main bodies of the United Nations mentioned in the script?

The six main bodies of the United Nations mentioned are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.

How does the World Health Organization (WHO) exemplify global governance?

The WHO exemplifies global governance by setting and spreading global health standards, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, where countries, including the Philippines, followed WHO guidelines on social distancing and other measures to control the virus spread.

What challenges do international organizations like the UN face in enforcing global governance?

International organizations face challenges such as the reluctance of sovereign states to accept external intervention, as seen in the case of the Philippines rejecting the International Court of Justice’s investigation, and the difficulty in enforcing international rulings when powerful member states, like China, choose not to comply.

What is the historical significance of the United Nations?

The United Nations was founded on October 24, 1945, after World War II, with the primary aim of preventing future conflicts. It was initially established by 51 member states and has grown to include 193 member states today, playing a significant role in maintaining international peace and security.

Who coined the term 'United Nations,' and when was it first used?

The term 'United Nations' was coined by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942, and it was later formalized with the signing of the UN Charter on June 26, 1945.

What is the role of the Security Council in the United Nations?

The Security Council is considered the most powerful body within the United Nations. It consists of 15 member states, including five permanent members (USA, China, France, Russia, and the UK), and is responsible for maintaining international peace and security, making binding decisions that member states are obligated to implement.

Outlines

00:00

🌍 Introduction to Global Governance and National Sovereignty

This paragraph introduces the concept of global governance, focusing on how governance at an international level functions similarly to a government at a national level. Using the Philippines under President Duterte as an example, the speaker discusses the tension between national sovereignty and international bodies like the United Nations (UN) and the International Court of Justice. The Philippines, a sovereign state, faces scrutiny from these organizations over issues like extrajudicial killings and human rights violations. This leads to debates over the legitimacy of international interference in national affairs.

05:02

🌐 Purpose and Scope of Global Governance

The second paragraph elaborates on the purpose of global governance, which is to ensure peace and order across countries. It emphasizes that global governance extends beyond individual governments, incorporating international policies, norms, and procedures. The United Nations plays a key role in providing stability and predictability in global responses to transitional changes, such as the territorial disputes between China and the Philippines. Although global governance aims for peaceful resolutions, the speaker highlights the disparity in power between nations like the Philippines and larger powers like China.

10:21

🏢 Role of International Organizations in Global Governance

This paragraph explains the role of international organizations, especially the UN, in establishing global governance. These organizations set standards and spread ideas worldwide. The speaker uses the World Health Organization (WHO) as an example of how such organizations manage global challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic, guiding countries through policies and health standards. The WHO's recommendations, such as social distancing, are an example of how global governance impacts national policies.

15:22

⚖️ The Pros and Cons of International Organizations

Here, the speaker discusses the advantages and disadvantages of international organizations like the United Nations. While these organizations establish standards and provide solutions for global issues, they can also be controversial. For instance, the UN’s role in addressing human rights violations and extrajudicial killings in the Philippines under Duterte has sparked debate. The paragraph also highlights the historical development of the UN, its six principal organs, and the Philippines' representation in the UN General Assembly.

20:24

🛠️ Structure and Function of the United Nations

The final paragraph focuses on the structure of the UN and the various roles of its six principal organs, including the General Assembly, Security Council, and International Court of Justice. It explains the responsibilities of each body and how they contribute to global governance. The speaker also addresses the controversial role of the International Court of Justice in investigating the Philippines' human rights record. The paragraph concludes by reaffirming the importance of the UN in maintaining global order, with all member states, including the Philippines, under its governance.

Keywords

💡Global Governance

Global governance refers to the processes and institutions that bring together states, international organizations, and non-state actors to manage global issues. It involves creating rules and norms to ensure stability and predictability in international affairs, as discussed in the script. The example given in the video includes how the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) help create global standards, such as health guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.

💡Sovereign State

A sovereign state is an independent nation with its own government and judicial system, free from external control. In the video, President Duterte's assertion that the Philippines is a sovereign state reflects his refusal to allow international bodies like the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to investigate human rights violations within the country. This highlights the tension between national sovereignty and international governance.

💡United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a global organization founded in 1945, aimed at fostering international cooperation, promoting peace, and addressing global challenges. In the script, the UN is discussed as a key player in global governance, with various bodies like the General Assembly and Security Council. The video also mentions the Philippines being a signatory to the UN, emphasizing its involvement in international law.

💡International Court of Justice (ICJ)

The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, tasked with resolving legal disputes between countries and ensuring adherence to international law. The script references the ICJ in the context of its investigation into alleged human rights violations in the Philippines, illustrating its role in global governance and the potential conflict with national sovereignty.

💡Extrajudicial Killings

Extrajudicial killings refer to the unlawful killing of individuals by government authorities without judicial oversight or legal process. The video mentions investigations into these killings in the Philippines, linked to President Duterte’s administration. This concept is central to the discussion of global governance, as it involves international human rights norms clashing with domestic policies.

💡World Health Organization (WHO)

The WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The script highlights its role during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing guidelines that countries, including the Philippines, followed to control the virus's spread. This exemplifies how global governance can impact national health policies.

💡Security Council

The Security Council is one of the six main organs of the United Nations, responsible for maintaining international peace and security. The script explains its importance, with permanent members like China and the USA holding significant influence. China's refusal to acknowledge a ruling on the Philippines' territorial dispute shows how power dynamics in the Security Council can affect international governance.

💡Signatory

A signatory is a state that has formally agreed to a treaty or international agreement. The script mentions the Philippines as a signatory to the United Nations, which means the country is bound by the organization's rules and norms. This is relevant when discussing how the Philippines engages with international governance structures.

💡Territorial Dispute

A territorial dispute occurs when two or more countries claim ownership of the same piece of land or maritime area. In the script, the Philippines' ongoing dispute with China over the South China Sea is highlighted as an example of a global governance challenge, where international law and national interests collide.

💡Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

NGOs are independent organizations that operate internationally, often focusing on humanitarian, environmental, or developmental issues. The script briefly mentions international NGOs as part of global governance, helping implement standards and providing aid during crises like the pandemic. They contribute to shaping global norms and practices.

Highlights

Governance involves the management and organization of international or global processes.

The round table analogy highlights how countries collaborate and share responsibility in global governance.

Global governance is necessary to maintain international peace, order, and stability.

President Duterte rejected interference from the International Court of Justice, citing the Philippines' sovereignty.

Despite rejecting international investigations, the Philippines remains a signatory to the United Nations.

The purpose of global governance is to protect peace and order on a global scale, encompassing institutions, policies, and norms.

The Philippines faces territorial disputes with China, highlighting the complexity of global governance.

International organizations, such as the UN and the World Health Organization, set global standards that countries are encouraged to follow.

The World Health Organization's guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic exemplify global governance in action.

International organizations spread ideas and establish global standards, such as pandemic guidelines or refugee policies.

Global governance can have both positive and negative impacts depending on the power dynamics between countries and organizations.

The United Nations was founded in 1945 to promote global cooperation and peace after World War II.

The UN's six main bodies include the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, and International Court of Justice.

The UN Security Council, which includes permanent members like the US and China, plays a key role in maintaining international peace.

The International Court of Justice faces controversies, such as its involvement in investigating the Philippines' extrajudicial killings.

Transcripts

so we are going to discuss the

contemporary global governance so the

word that could really

help us understand the topic is the word

governance we have we have heard several

times the word global let's say global

look at the picture

there is a table a round table

the round table has

different chairs that share symbolizes

each representative from each country

so that symbolizes the connectivity of

the connection the relationship of each

country of the world which is put into

one table

and we have the word governance

governance from the word government

so we have our own government but there

is what we call international or global

governance we still need that government

or governance in the international setup

because that could be

a basis no

if you try to remember

president duterte our president did not

recognize

did not recognize him when he was being

asked

that the international court of justice

will be

going to send a representative to

conduct an investigation

of extrajudicial judicial killings

and we also have the human rights

violation of our president

and

nagala

we are a sovereign state again

in here that's the claim of our

president president duterte he said we

are a sovereign state

we have our own judicial system my

long-coming surveilling

do not uh

forget that the philippines is part of

an international organization called

united nations we are a signatory when

you say signatory if you try to look at

the picture right now

we have one sit there

in narrow times

of statement

united nations

no i don't like the united nations to

enter to our country

i don't like the international court of

justice to investigate us here in our

country because we have our own

judicial system and why

they will interfere

we are a recognized sovereign state so

there is a point like out of there so

allah

so

what is global governance so that would

be a great question

particularly

the united

united nation okay

so global governance refers to the

various intersecting processes that

create the world order

philippines

so the purpose of government is to

implement peace and order

but in the concept of the scope of

global governance and evidence

i

merely

which is to protect and also to

to

promote peace and order in the entire

countries in the world but their second

bullet

it encompasses the institution of

policies norms procedures and

initiatives through which states and

their citizens try to bring

predictability

stability and order to their responses

to

transitional changes according to un in

220 2014.

right now we are

facing a challenge a territorial

conflict war between china between china

between

and other disputed territories of the

philippines

against china

and we all know that china is one of the

biggest country a powerful country

military power

and who are we we are filipinos so i am

not saying that we should not defend our

country as a filipino we should defend

our country but try to look at the power

of china

i am not against to force to implement

the ruling of

[Music]

global governance sources of global

governance we have

manga

or treatise an organization like un

international non-government

organization nabaha parent yuan

so let's start with the i o or the

international organization like to look

at

there are landfords

land pools of different countries

excuse me

international organization

i can't believe filipinas

so international organization often

refers to international

intergovernmental organizations or

groups that are primarily made up of

member states so

alas

organization which is very busy right

now

finding solution for the world pandemic

so that's an example of international

organization like us we are

uh also experiencing the problem of

pandemic but we need to follow the world

health organization in their different

advice

so that's that's one way of implementing

a global governance

uh

rules and implementation guidelines that

was given by the world health

organizations our organization are also

followed by

our internal inter-agency

task force against scoville no the iatf

the

is a world health organization

so just a simple example of

global governance

so the powers of international

organizations

an international

[Music]

of that but let's try to look at the

powers of international organization

let's classify the power

the international organization can

invent and apply categories there are

eight powerful standards for example for

the refugees no for example we also

accept refugees because we are partners

we have we consider a country which are

our allies

the international organizations spread

ideas across the world establishing

global standards for example in the

recent time we are experiencing the

pandemic the kobe 19.

one of the international organizations

who manage this

type of pandemic is the world health

organization we are dependent of their

standards

is per individual to avoid the spread of

the virus it should be one and a half

meters so we also follow that one

because that is a reference that was in

uh that that that norms is spread and

used by the world health organization

which is considered to be an

international organization

okay

a nasa international organization it

could also have a negative effect you

know the cross and the pawns let's try

to check what are the pros and cons of

international organization

let's start with united nations

so the history of united nations

we have discussed this several times in

the second in the some of our

discussions

the most prominent international

organization in contemporary time even

today united nations is

international internationally

acknowledged by each member state

it was founded in october 24 1945 after

the second world war

in san francisco california usa so the

prime mover the prime mover of the

creation of the united nations of course

is the united states

on january in on june 21 1942 the united

nations was coined by president franklin

d roosevelt so minister say by the word

of the term united nations was created

by franklin d roosevelt the u.s

president in the 1940s

the u.n charter was signed in august on

june 26 1945

in the 24th of october 1945 50 nations

drew up the un charter in the united

nations conference international

organization

poland was the last original member to

join

it has now um almost

193 member states since the 51 original

members okay

so we have here

the present

the night secretary general took office

on the 1st of january 2017 for former

united nations higher high commissioner

for refugee antonio gutierrez gutierrez

is the secretary general of united

nation as of today

so there are some groups and

organizations under united nations

there are six the general assembly the

security council the economic social

council the trusteeship council the

international court of justice this is

one the international court of justice

which

was very

controversial controversial when it

comes to the conduct of investigation

the violation of human rights and

extrajudicial killings in the

philippines under the

uh leadership under the presidency of

president

uh duterte that was mentioned available

and of course the sixth one is the

secretariat

so let's have uh this one individually

what are their functions

the main deliberating policy making body

and the represented organ is the general

assembly

enrique manalis the permanent

representative of the philippines in the

united nations so we have a

representative from the general assembly

in the person of enrique a manager

security council considers the most

powerful organ consists of 15 member

states five permanent and 10 elected by

the ga for the general assembly for

two-year terms

security council permanent members now

imagine china is the permanent members

of security

but then they did not recognize that the

the international ruling when it comes

to the territorial dispute against the

philippines

usa france russia uk are the permanent

members of the security council of the

united nations

the ecosoc or the economic and social

council this is the central body for

coordination policy review policy

dialogue recommendations and social

environmental issues and the

implementation of internationally agreed

developmental development goals

here comes the international court of

justice which is very controversial when

it comes to the philippines right now we

have zen an investigator already

here in our country about the

extrajudicial killings and of course

the violations according

allegedly

uh

violation of human rights

translation council this was published

in 1945 the u.n charter under chapter 13

of the of their constitution and

violence

the secretariat consists of the

secretary general and 10 thousand

ten thousand of international u.n staff

members the security the secretary

general is a uh administrator

administrative officer

so basically the discussion was all

about the united nations because that's

the international

uh

or the global governance that is

ruling the entire country the entire

world which our member state of this

united nations

so i think that's all for our

international government