Orden político y social en las antiguas civilizaciones

Summary

In this history class video, students explore the political and social order of ancient civilizations. The lecture focuses on the emergence of surplus food production, leading to urban societies and the first state formations known as city-states. Specialization of labor and the rise of trades like pottery, weaving, and jewelry-making are discussed. The class delves into the social hierarchy, with the Sumerian city-states in Mesopotamia as a prime example. Students learn about the evolution from city-states to empires and the stratification of society into classes based on wealth and power. The lecture concludes with an activity to visualize and understand the social pyramid.

Takeaways

• 📚 The class focuses on the political and social order in ancient civilizations.
• 🌱 The concept of 'excedentes alimenticios' or surplus food production is introduced as a key factor in the development of early societies.
• 🏺 Specialization of labor emerged, with groups dedicating themselves to specific crafts like pottery, weaving, and metalwork.
• 🏛️ The first form of state, known as a city-state, arose from these developments, characterized by centralized power and governance.
• 🌐 The Sumerian city-states in southern Mesopotamia were among the earliest to form, leading to conflicts over control of people, territories, and resources.
• 🔄 The competition among city-states resulted in the formation of empires, a political organization where multiple states or territories are subjugated under one ruling power.
• 🔨 The specialization and division of labor led to a minority group gaining more power and wealth, increasing social stratification.
• ⚖️ Social stratification organized society into classes based on economic resources, with a clear hierarchy of importance.
• 👑 The social order in ancient civilizations was tiered, with the highest authority (like kings or pharaohs) at the top, followed by priests, high officials, merchants, artisans, farmers, and finally, slaves.
• 🎨 As a class activity, students are instructed to draw a social pyramid on page 56 of their book and explain the characteristics of each social group.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the history class discussed in the script?

The main focus of the history class is to study the political and social order in ancient civilizations.

What is the objective of learning for the class according to the script?

The objective is to identify how the first civilizations were organized socially and politically.

What phenomenon began in the Neolithic period and is mentioned in the script?

The phenomenon mentioned is 'excedentes alimenticios' or surplus food production, which involved producing more food than needed for scarcity periods and trade.

What was the first form of state that emerged in history according to the script?

The first form of state was the city-state, known as 'naschy', which had its own laws, administrators, armies, and centralized power.

Where were the first city-states located as per the script?

The first city-states were located in Sumer, in the south of Mesopotamia.

What led to the creation of empires in ancient times as described in the script?

The competition among cities for control of people, territories, and resources led to the creation of empires.

What is the term for the exclusive dedication to new trades like pottery, weaving, and jewelry-making as mentioned in the script?

The term is 'specialization', which increased with the division of labor and led to a minority group gaining more power.

What is 'estratificación social' and 'jerarquización social' as discussed in the script?

Estratificación social is the grouping of society into social classes based on economic resources, while jerarquización social is the organization of these classes in an ordered and subordinated scale.

How was the ancient society structured in terms of social order as per the script?

The ancient society was structured with the most important class at the top, which included the highest political authority, followed by priests and high officials, then merchants and artisans, the farming population, and finally, the slave population.

What activity will the students perform after the class as per the script?

Students will open their books to page 56 and draw the social pyramid in their notebooks, explaining the characteristics of each social group.

What is the significance of the 'relevancia' or 'relevance' in the social hierarchy as mentioned in the script?

Relevancia signifies the importance or significance of a social class within the society, determining its position in the social hierarchy.