한국인은 몰랐던 스페인 내전 (상): 제2차 세계대전의 전초전, 그 배경과 양측의 전력

Summary

The script delves into the decline of the Spanish Empire in the 20th century, marked by the Spanish-American War of 1898 and the loss of key colonies. It outlines the political turmoil, including the Rif War in Morocco and the rise of military dictatorship under General Primo de Rivera. The narrative continues with the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931, which faced immediate challenges from right-wing opposition and the global economic depression. The summary highlights the escalating tensions between the left and right, culminating in the Spanish Civil War, where international support played a crucial role, and the eventual rise of General Francisco Franco, illustrating the complex political landscape of the era.

Takeaways

• 🏳️‍🌟 Spain entered the 20th century as a fallen great power, losing its last colonies after the Spanish-American War of 1898.
• 👑 The Spanish monarchy failed to find a breakthrough, leading to further deterioration and the disappointment of the citizens.
• 💥 The Rif War in Morocco was a significant event that further eroded the Spanish royal authority due to repeated defeats and a long-lasting conflict.
• 🗡️ In 1923, General Primo de Rivera initiated a coup with the support of King Alfonso XIII, leading to a dictatorship that lasted until 1930.
• 👴 King Alfonso XIII abdicated the throne in 1931 after a national election that resulted in a victory for the anti-monarchist parties, leading to the establishment of the Spanish Republic.
• 🔄 The Spanish Republic faced immediate challenges, including strong opposition from the right-wing parties and the global economic depression.
• 🏭 The political divide between urban workers, rural peasants, and the wealthy landowners and capitalists intensified, leading to violent class conflicts.
• 🚫 The left-wing government attempted reforms but was met with fierce resistance from the right-wing, which was supported by the military and the Catholic Church.
• 🌐 The international community was involved in the Spanish Civil War, with the Soviet Union supporting the Republicans and Germany and Italy aiding the Nationalists.
• 🛑 The Nationalist uprising was initiated on July 18, 1936, by General Mola and others, marking the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
• 🛩️ Despite initial setbacks and the loss of their leader José Sanjurjo in an accident, the Nationalists received crucial support from Hitler and Mussolini, which turned the tide of the war.

Q & A

What significant event marked the end of Spain as a great power in the 20th century?

The Spanish-American War of 1898 was the significant event that marked the end of Spain as a great power, leading to the loss of its remaining colonies, including the Philippines and Cuba.

What war in North Africa greatly disappointed the Spanish citizens and further damaged the royal authority?

The Rif War in Morocco in the early 20th century greatly disappointed the Spanish citizens and damaged the royal authority, as the Spanish army suffered several humiliating defeats despite the war lasting for less than five years.

Who was the general that initiated a coup in 1923, leading to a dictatorship in Spain?

General Miguel Primo de Rivera initiated a coup in September 1923, which led to a dictatorship in Spain that lasted until 1930.

What event in 1931 led to King Alfonso XIII's abdication and the establishment of the Spanish Republic?

The municipal elections of 1931, in which the anti-monarchist parties won, led King Alfonso XIII to abdicate the throne, resulting in the establishment of the Spanish Republic.

What were the challenges faced by the Spanish Republic at its inception?

The Spanish Republic faced challenges such as strong opposition from the right-wing parties, the impact of the global Great Depression, and political conflicts between the left-wing politicians and the right-wing supporters, including the wealthy landowners and the Catholic Church.

What was the role of the Catholic Church in the political conflicts during the early years of the Spanish Republic?

The Catholic Church, which was supported by the wealthy landowners, played a significant role in the political conflicts during the early years of the Spanish Republic, as it was seen as opposing the reforms proposed by the left-wing government.

What was the consequence of the left-wing government's inability to implement their reforms effectively?

The inability of the left-wing government to implement their reforms effectively led to increased dissatisfaction among the population and a loss of public support for the left-wing parties.

What event in 1936 marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War?

The Spanish Civil War began on July 18, 1936, with a military uprising led by a group of generals, including Emilio Mola and Francisco Franco, against the left-wing government.

Who were the key figures in the military uprising that started the Spanish Civil War?

The key figures in the military uprising that started the Spanish Civil War were José Sanjurjo, Emilio Mola, and Francisco Franco.

What was the role of international support in the Spanish Civil War?

International support played a significant role in the Spanish Civil War, with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy providing military aid to the Nationalist forces led by Franco, while the Soviet Union supported the Republican side with weapons, although of questionable performance.

How did the initial military strength compare between the Nationalist and Republican forces at the start of the Spanish Civil War?

At the start of the Spanish Civil War, the Republican forces had an estimated strength of around 87,000, while the Nationalist forces ranged from 77,000 to 95,000. However, the Nationalist forces gradually gained an advantage with the support of Germany and Italy.