What’s happening in Sudan after three months of war? | Start Here

Summary

The ongoing conflict in Sudan, which erupted in mid-April, has led to a nation on the brink of collapse. Two main factions, led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and General Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo (Hemeti), are locked in a brutal power struggle, resulting in widespread violence and displacement. With over 1.4 million fleeing the capital, Khartoum, and escalating ethnic tensions in Darfur, the humanitarian crisis is dire, with aid falling short of the staggering need. Despite international mediation efforts, a resolution remains elusive as both sides see the conflict as an existential fight for control.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Sudan is experiencing an unprecedented descent into death and destruction due to the ongoing war that started in mid-April.
• 🛡 The main parties involved in the conflict are General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, head of the Sudanese armed forces, and General Muhammad Hamdan Dagalo, also known as Hemeti, who leads the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).
• 🔄 Initially allies in the 2019 pro-democracy protests, the two generals later staged a coup in 2021, leading to a power struggle and eventual war in April.
• 🏙 The fighting is heavily concentrated in and around the capital, Khartoum, turning it into a war zone with unclear upper hand between the two forces.
• 👥 Over 1.4 million people have fled the capital and nearby cities, representing about 15% of the population, with many civilians still trapped and at risk.
• 🏥 Civilian infrastructure, including hospitals, banks, and businesses, are being attacked and looted, with parts of Khartoum experiencing prolonged electricity outages.
• 📉 The RSF has been accused of terrorizing civilians, including robbery, looting, destruction, and sexual violence.
• 🔄 In Darfur, particularly West Darfur, an ethnic conflict has reignited, with the potential to constitute crimes against humanity.
• 💔 The conflict in Darfur has deep roots, with a history of violence and discrimination against non-Arab tribes by the Arab-dominated government under Omar al-Bashir.
• 🤝 The RSF, previously known as the Janjaweed, has strong ties to Darfur and local Arab militias, and their control over gold mines provides a lucrative revenue source.
• 🆘 There is a massive need for humanitarian aid in Sudan, with half the population requiring assistance, but current aid is insufficient and access to affected areas is restricted.

Q & A

苏丹的冲突是如何开始的？

苏丹的冲突始于2023年4月，当时苏丹武装部队(SAF)和快速支援部队(RSF)之间爆发了战争，这场战争残酷地打断了苏丹的政治过渡期。[^5^]

苏丹的冲突主要涉及哪些派别？

苏丹的冲突主要涉及两个派别：苏丹武装部队(SAF)和快速支援部队(RSF)。[^5^]

苏丹的冲突对平民造成了哪些影响？

苏丹的冲突对平民造成了巨大的影响，包括大规模的人员伤亡和流离失所。据估计，有超过14,000人被杀，数万人受伤，约有25万人需要生命救助，超过860万人被迫逃离家园。[^5^]

苏丹的冲突是否导致了人道主义危机？

是的，苏丹的冲突已经引发了一场人道主义危机，约有25万人需要生命救助，并且有超过860万人被迫逃离家园，其中包括180万难民。[^5^]

苏丹的冲突是否已经引起了国际社会的广泛关注？

尽管苏丹的冲突已经造成了严重的人道主义危机，但国际社会的努力来结束战争似乎已经减弱。[^9^]

苏丹的冲突是否对儿童造成了影响？

是的，苏丹的冲突对儿童造成了严重影响。据联合国儿童基金会(UNICEF)称，自冲突开始以来，已经有近550万儿童接受了营养筛查，超过322,000名患有严重急性营养不良的儿童接受了救治。[^10^]

苏丹的冲突是否导致了饥荒的风险？

是的，苏丹的冲突导致了饥荒的风险。据世界粮食计划署(WFP)执行主任Cindy McCain表示，苏丹正面临着一场人道主义灾难，如果不立即采取行动，苏丹可能会陷入饥荒。[^10^]

苏丹的冲突是否已经导致了大规模的流离失所？

是的，苏丹的冲突已经导致了大规模的流离失所，据估计，有超过800万人流离失所，这使得苏丹成为了世界上最大的流离失所危机。[^8^]

苏丹的冲突是否已经扩散到其他地区？

是的，苏丹的冲突已经扩散到其他地区，包括Gezira、White Nile和West Kordofan等州。[^11^]

苏丹的冲突是否已经引起了联合国安全理事会的关注？

是的，苏丹的冲突已经引起了联合国安全理事会的关注，并且已经就此问题进行了多次讨论。[^11^]