DÉCRYPTAGE : quels sont les effets du tourisme de masse ?

Vie publique

2 Jul 201902:34

Summary

TLDRFrance welcomed nearly 90 million foreign tourists in 2018, making it the world's most visited country. Tourism significantly contributes to the French economy, generating over 2 million jobs and accounting for more than 7% of the GDP. Despite challenges like overburdened transportation and environmental impact, the government has established an inter-ministerial tourism council to address the sector's development. Measures such as entry fees in Venice and hotel construction bans in Barcelona and Amsterdam aim to mitigate mass tourism's negative effects, while Paris has increased Airbnb regulation. The industry's environmental footprint is also a concern, with tourism responsible for 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Takeaways

🌍 France welcomed nearly 90 million foreign tourists in 2018, making it the most visited country in the world.
🏆 It ranks ahead of Spain, the United States, China, and Italy in terms of tourist arrivals.
💼 Tourism is a significant asset to the French economy, generating over two million jobs.
📈 It contributes more than 7% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
📊 Tourist revenues increased by 9% in 2017, following a sharp decline after the 2015 terrorist attacks.
🏛️ The French government established an inter-ministerial tourism council and a SAIT (Tourism Development Committee) in July 2010 to present the government's action plan for tourism.
🚌 The rise in tourism brings new challenges such as transport overload, increased noise pollution, and site degradation.
🏙️ There is also the issue of rising living costs and gentrification in city centers, where affluent social groups take over spaces originally occupied by less privileged residents.
🎟️ Venice has introduced an entry fee ranging from 2.50 to 10 euros depending on the season, starting from September 1, 2019, to finance the cleaning of its historic center.
🚫 Barcelona and Amsterdam have banned the construction of new hotels in their city centers to mitigate the negative effects of mass tourism.
🏠 Paris has strengthened controls and penalties for abuses detected on Airbnb, which offers the largest accommodation portfolio in the capital cities worldwide.
🌳 Mass tourism has negative environmental impacts, with the tourism industry accounting for 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, largely due to transportation.

Q & A

How many foreign tourists did France welcome in 2018?
-France welcomed nearly 90 million foreign tourists in 2018.
What position does France hold in terms of being the most visited country in the world?
-France is the most visited country in the world.
Which countries follow France in terms of foreign tourist arrivals?
-Spain, the United States, China, and Italy follow France in terms of foreign tourist arrivals.
What is the significance of tourism to the French economy?
-Tourism is a major asset for the French economy, generating over two million jobs and accounting for more than 7% of the GDP.
How did the tourism revenue in France change in 2017?
-The tourism revenue in France increased by 9% in 2017.
What measures did the French government take to accelerate the development of the tourism sector?
-The French government established an inter-ministerial council for tourism in July 2010 and a SAIT (Tourism Development Committee) which meets twice a year to present the government action plan for tourism.
What are some of the challenges associated with the increase in tourist flows?
-Challenges include the overload of transportation means, increased noise pollution, degradation of sites, increased cost of living, and gentrification of city centers.
What measure did Venice decide to implement starting from September 1, 2019, to manage mass tourism?
-Venice decided to charge an entry fee ranging from 2.50 to 10 euros depending on the season for its 30 million annual visitors, starting from September 1, 2019.
What steps have Barcelona and Amsterdam taken to control tourism growth in their city centers?
-Barcelona and Amsterdam have banned the construction of new hotels in their city centers.
What actions has Paris taken to regulate the use of Airbnb?
-Paris has strengthened controls and penalties for abuses detected on the Airbnb platform, which offers 60,000 rentals in Paris, the largest portfolio of any world capital.
What is the environmental impact of mass tourism as indicated by the script?
-Mass tourism has a negative impact on the environment, with 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions produced by the tourism industry, notably through transportation.
What mode of transportation did half of the tourists use to cross borders in 2018 according to the script?
-Half of the tourists used airplanes to cross borders in 2018.

Outlines

00:00

🗺️ France's Tourism Success and Challenges

France welcomed nearly 90 million foreign tourists in 2018, making it the most visited country in the world, ahead of Spain, the United States, China, and Italy. Tourism is a significant asset for the French economy, generating over two million jobs and accounting for more than 7% of the GDP. Despite a decline after the 2015 terrorist attacks, tourism revenue increased by 9% in 2017. The French government has taken measures to accelerate the development of the tourism sector, including the establishment of an inter-ministerial tourism council and a plan of action. However, mass tourism brings challenges such as transport overload, noise pollution, site degradation, increased cost of living, and gentrification. To mitigate these effects, cities like Venice introduced an entry fee, while Barcelona and Amsterdam banned new hotel constructions in city centers. Paris has strengthened controls and penalties for Airbnb abuses, which offers the largest accommodation portfolio among global capitals. The environmental impact of mass tourism is also highlighted, with the tourism industry contributing to 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, largely through transportation.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Tourism

Tourism refers to the activity of traveling to and staying in places outside one's usual environment for leisure, business, or other purposes. In the context of the video, tourism is a major economic driver for France, attracting nearly 90 million foreign visitors in 2018, making it the most visited country in the world. The video highlights how tourism generates over two million jobs and accounts for more than 7% of France's GDP, showcasing its significance to the nation's economy.

💡Tourist Overload

Tourist overload refers to the situation where a popular tourist destination receives more visitors than it can comfortably accommodate, leading to overcrowding and strain on local resources. The video mentions this issue as a challenge for places like Venice, Barcelona, and Amsterdam, which have to manage the negative impacts of mass tourism, such as increased noise, environmental degradation, and the rising cost of living.

💡Gentrification

Gentrification is the process by which a neighborhood undergoes demographic and structural changes due to increased property values and the influx of wealthier residents, often displacing lower-income residents. In the video, gentrification is discussed as a consequence of tourism, where affluent tourists or investors take over areas originally inhabited by less privileged communities, leading to changes in the social fabric of the city centers.

💡Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of tourism relates to the effects of tourism activities on the natural environment, including pollution, waste generation, and depletion of resources. The script points out that the tourism industry is responsible for 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions, mainly through transportation, emphasizing the need for sustainable tourism practices.

💡Governmental Action Plan

A governmental action plan refers to a strategic set of initiatives and policies implemented by the government to achieve specific goals. In the video, France's government has established an interministerial tourism council to accelerate the development of the tourism sector, indicating the government's proactive role in shaping and supporting the industry.

💡Tourist Tax

A tourist tax is a fee imposed on visitors by a destination's government or local authorities to fund various services and infrastructure improvements. The video mentions Venice's decision to charge an entry fee ranging from 2.50 to 10 euros depending on the season, starting from September 1, 2019, to finance the cleaning of its historical center, illustrating how such taxes can be used to manage tourist numbers and support local services.

💡Airbnb

Airbnb is a platform that allows property owners to list their spaces for short-term rentals, often impacting the local housing market and tourism industry. The video discusses how Paris has strengthened controls and penalties for abuses on Airbnb, which lists 60,000 rentals in the city, the largest in any global capital, highlighting the platform's significant role in the city's tourism landscape.

💡Interministerial Council

An interministerial council is a body comprising representatives from various government departments, designed to coordinate policies and actions across different sectors. The video mentions the establishment of such a council for tourism in France, which meets twice a year to present the government's action plan to elected officials and industry professionals, demonstrating a collaborative approach to tourism development.

💡Economic Attractiveness

Economic attractiveness refers to the ability of a location to draw business and investment due to its favorable economic conditions and opportunities. The video highlights tourism as a major asset for the French economy, generating jobs and contributing significantly to the GDP, underscoring its role in enhancing the country's economic attractiveness.

💡Sustainable Tourism

Sustainable tourism is a form of tourism that aims to minimize negative environmental, social, and economic impacts while fostering cultural and ecological preservation. The video touches on the negative consequences of mass tourism and suggests the need for sustainable practices to mitigate these effects, such as managing tourist flows and promoting responsible travel.

💡Tourism Revenue

Tourism revenue refers to the income generated from the activities of tourists in a particular destination. The video notes that France's tourism revenue increased by 9% in 2017, indicating the economic recovery and growth in the sector after a decline following the 2015 terrorist attacks, emphasizing the importance of tourism revenue for the country's economy.

Highlights

France hosted nearly 90 million foreign tourists in 2018, making it the most visited country in the world.

Spain, the United States, China, and Italy follow France in terms of tourist arrivals.

Tourism is a major asset for the French economy, generating over two million jobs.

Tourism represents more than 7% of France's Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Tourist revenues increased by 9% in 2017 following a significant drop after the 2015 terrorist attacks.

The French government established an inter-ministerial tourism council in July 2010 to accelerate the development of the tourism sector.

The tourism council meets twice a year with elected officials and professionals to present the government's action plan for tourism.

The increase in tourist flows brings new challenges such as transport overload, noise pollution, and site degradation.

The rise in living costs and gentrification of city centers are concerns linked to mass tourism.

Gentrification refers to the appropriation of space by affluent social groups, displacing less privileged residents.

Venice introduced an entry fee ranging from 2.50 to 10 euros depending on the season, starting September 1, 2019.

Barcelona and Amsterdam have banned the construction of new hotels in their city centers to mitigate the effects of mass tourism.

Paris has strengthened controls and penalties for abuses detected on Airbnb, the largest rental platform in the capital.

Airbnb offers 60,000 rentals in Paris, the largest rental pool of any global capital.

Mass tourism has negative environmental impacts, contributing to 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Half of the tourists traveled by air in 2018, highlighting the industry's environmental footprint.