科学家朱清时结论:物理学步入禅境,印证佛法缘起性空不生不灭!#物理学家#朱清时#佛法与科学
Summary
TLDR本视频脚本探讨了宗教与科学的关系,特别是佛教与物理学的联系。提到了孙中山对佛教的看法,认为它超越了科学,补充了法律的不足。同时,指出20世纪人类在享受自然科学带来的巨大成就的同时,对一些基础概念的理解存在缺失。通过介绍弦理论等现代物理学理论,尝试以更易懂的语言解释宇宙的奥秘,指出物质并非绝对实体,而是能量的一种形式,挑战了传统的物质观。
Takeaways
- 😇 孙中山博士认为佛教是拯救的仁慈,是哲学之母,宗教是民族的基石,维护民族的伟大自然力量。
- 🤔 人们不应摆脱宗教思想,学习佛教可以填补科学的偏见,许多人因误解佛教而不了解它,实际上佛教超越了科学。
- 📚 20世纪是人类历史上一个非凡的时刻,人类一方面享受自然科学带来的巨大成就和物质财富,另一方面对一些基本概念缺乏理解。
- 👨🏫 霍金在科普报告中提到,他的理论基于当代自然科学的最新成就——弦理论,但大多数人难以理解其深奥之处。
- 🧐 霍金的报告在北京国际会议中心举行,尽管票价昂贵,但观众反应冷淡,这反映出公众对复杂科学理论的接受度有限。
- 🔬 物理学家通过研究,发现原子由电子、中子和质子组成,进一步将物质的微观结构推向更小的粒子——基本粒子。
- 🌌 1964年,物理学家盖尔曼提出夸克理论,认为质子和中子由更小的粒子夸克组成,尽管夸克的存在得到实验证实,但其本质仍是个谜。
- 🚀 物理学的前沿发展是弦理论,它进一步深化了我们对物质本质的理解,挑战了传统的物质观念。
- 🔍 20世纪的物理学揭示了物质和能量可以相互转化,质能方程E=mc²表明质量不再是不变的属性,物质作为物质量的概念失去了意义。
- 🌐 物质的微观结构极其复杂,除了少数稳定粒子外,大多数基本粒子寿命极短,这使得我们对物理世界的构建产生了疑问。
- 📉 20世纪的哲学错误在于物质主义哲学的流行,它将物质视为唯一的真实现实,但对物质的本质却一无所知。
Q & A
孙中山博士是如何描述佛教的?
-孙中山博士认为佛教是救世的仁慈,是哲学之母,宗教是构成国家的重要部分,并且维持着国家的伟大自然力量。
为什么人们不能没有宗教思想?
-根据孙中山博士的观点,宗教思想是人民不可或缺的,因为佛教等宗教可以填补科学偏见,弥补法律的不足。
为什么许多人误解佛教?
-许多人误解佛教是因为他们不了解它。实际上,佛教不仅仅是科学,而且超越了科学。
20世纪是一个怎样的时期?
-20世纪是人类历史上一个非凡的时期,一方面人类享受着自然科学带来的巨大成就和物质财富,另一方面对一些基本概念缺乏理解,甚至拒绝接受。
霍金的科普报告为何反响平平?
-霍金的科普报告反响平平是因为他的理论太复杂,以至于大多数北大和清华的学生难以理解。
什么是弦理论,它为何令人敬畏?
-弦理论是一种尝试用以解释宇宙起源的理论,它基于当代自然科学的最新成就。只有真正理解这个理论的人,才能感受到它带来的敬畏、惊奇和震撼。
20世纪的物质哲学有哪些问题?
-20世纪的物质哲学认为物质是唯一的真实存在,这不仅成为许多国家的官方世界观,而且在西方哲学中,特别是在身心问题的讨论中占据主导地位。但物质的本质一直是本世纪科学中最难以解决和理解的概念。
什么是原子论,它如何影响我们对物质的理解?
-原子论认为物质是宇宙的永恒构建块,所有事物都源自它,并最终回归它。物质被视为普遍的、恒定的,是世界过程的绝对起点和终点。
爱因斯坦的相对论如何揭示物质观的错误?
-爱因斯坦的相对论首先证明了质量与速度有关,同一个物体在不同的参考系中具有不同的质量值。当物体的速度接近光速时,其质量变得无限大,这表明质量不再是不可改变的属性,物质作为物质量的概念变得没有意义。
物质的微观结构是如何发展的?
-科学家对物质微观结构的理解经历了从分子、原子到电子、中子和质子,再到更小的粒子如夸克的发展。然而,夸克的真实性质仍然是一个谜。
为什么大多数基本粒子的寿命如此短暂?
-大多数基本粒子的寿命短暂是因为它们通过弱相互作用、电磁相互作用或强相互作用迅速衰变。例如,π介子的寿命大约是2.6×10^-8秒,而某些共振态粒子的寿命甚至只有10^-28秒。
弦理论如何进一步我们对物质本质的理解?
-到了20世纪末,物理学的前沿发展是弦理论,它提出了物质可能不是由点状粒子组成,而是由一维的弦状物体构成,这进一步深化了我们对物质本质的理解。
Outlines
😇 宗教与科学:探索佛教与物理学的联系
第一段主要讨论了宗教思想对国家和人民的重要性,特别是佛教在哲学和科学中的地位。文中提到,许多人对佛教存在误解,实际上佛教超越了科学,并能弥补科学的不足。文章还提到了20世纪人类在自然科学上的伟大成就,如核能、激光和电子技术等,但同时也指出了人们对一些基础概念的缺乏理解。文章通过霍金的科普报告来说明这一点,霍金的理论虽然复杂,但对理解宇宙起源至关重要。最后,文章尝试用更易懂的语言简要解释弦理论的基本概念,希望读者能感受到宇宙的奥秘。
🔬 物质的本质:从爱因斯坦的相对论到粒子物理学的发展
第二段深入探讨了物质的本质,从爱因斯坦的相对论开始,指出了质量与速度的关系,以及质量与能量的转换关系。文中提到,随着物体速度接近光速,其质量会无限增大,这导致无法进一步加速。爱因斯坦的质能方程E=mc²揭示了质量和能量可以相互转换,从而改变了物质作为不变量的传统观念。此外,文章还讨论了物质结构的微观认识,从原子到基本粒子,再到夸克的提出,以及粒子物理学中对夸克本质的探索。最后,文章提到了粒子物理学的前沿——弦理论,它为我们理解物质的本质提供了新的视角。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡佛教
💡宗教思想
💡科学偏见
💡物质
💡弦理论
💡质量
💡原子
💡夸克
💡基本粒子
💡物质的微观结构
💡物质的哲学
Highlights
孙中山博士试图讲述,佛教是救世的仁慈,是哲学的母亲,宗教是构成国家的重要力量。
人们不应摆脱宗教思想,学习佛教可以弥补科学的偏见。
许多人因误解佛教而不接受,实际上佛教超越了科学,补充了法律。
20世纪是人类历史上的非凡时刻,人类在享受自然科学带来的巨大成就的同时,对一些基本概念缺乏理解。
霍金的科普报告中,由于理论复杂,大多数学生难以理解,导致掌声和笑声寥寥。
霍金的宇宙起源理论基于当代自然科学的最新成就,弦理论,只有真正理解理论的人才能体会到其带来的敬畏和震撼。
文章尝试用更易懂的语言简要解释弦理论的主要概念,希望读者能体验到对宇宙奥秘的敬畏。
20世纪,物质主义哲学,将物质视为唯一真实存在的哲学,不仅成为许多国家的官方世界观,而且在西方哲学中占据主导地位。
物质的本质一直是20世纪科学中最难以解决和理解的概念。
古希腊原子论者认为物质是宇宙的永恒构建块,一切事物都源于它,最终又回归于它。
牛顿力学的经典物理学将物质归结为具有某些绝对不变属性的属性,点的集合。
爱因斯坦的相对论开始揭示物质实质观点的错误,证明了质量与速度有关。
科学家发现核裂变和链式反应,将部分质量转化为巨大能量释放,证明了质量可以转化为能量。
科学家对物质结构的理解迅速发展,原子由电子、中子和质子组成,这些粒子被认为是物质微观结构的第三级。
1964年,美国物理学家默里·盖尔曼大胆提出新理论,质子和中子不是最基本粒子,它们由更小的粒子夸克组成。
除了少数寿命极长的稳定粒子外,已知的300多种基本粒子几乎都是短暂的。
粒子物理学家解释,夸克是非常不稳定、寿命极短的粒子,只能以束缚态稳定存在,不能单独存在。
到20世纪末,物理学的前沿是弦理论的发展,进一步加深了我们对物质本质的理解。
Transcripts
Dr. Sun Yat-sen tried to speak
Buddhism is the benevolence of salvation
Buddhism is the mother of philosophy
Religion is what makes a nation
And maintain a great natural force of the nation
The people must not be free from religious thought
Study Buddhism
Can fill the scientific bias
Many people misunderstand Buddhism because they do not understand it
In fact, Buddhism is more than science
And make up for the law
I believe many people would agree with this
Today we share one
Zhu Qingshi physics into zen
Dependent void
All things ultimately return to matter
No birth, no death
Neither increase nor decrease
The twentieth century is a remarkable moment in human history
The period is at this time
On the one hand, human beings enjoy the great achievements brought by natural science
Great material wealth
Including nuclear energy
laser
Electronic technology and so on
On the other hand
But there is a lack of understanding of some of the basic concepts
Refuse even to accept
however
These ideas are actually backed by rigorous science
But few people really understand them
As a result, they are not widely appreciated or accepted
The following report highlights this phenomenon
China News
Beijing, August 19 news
Hawking in yesterday's popular science report
Received only two or three rounds of applause
There was hardly a laugh
His theory is too complicated
So much so that most students from Peking University and Tsinghua University
dyscomprehension
According to the Beijing Morning Post
Yesterday afternoon
Outside the Beijing International Convention Center
There was a queue of hundreds of metres
Someone is selling tickets privately at the door
The price is at least five hundred yuan each
Many people also asked for a refund
Because they left early
I really don't understand
Hawking is talking about the origins of the universe in this talk
It is based on the latest achievements of contemporary natural science
String theory
Only people who really understand the theory
To feel the awe it brings
Marvel and shock
This article tries to use language that is easier to understand
Briefly explain the main concepts of string theory
Hopefully readers will experience some awe
And a glimpse into the mysteries of the universe
We will learn from the famous philosopher Steinmuller
WolfgangStegmuller
Begins with an introduction in a book on the mainstream of contemporary philosophy
He writes
Future generations will ask
What were the mistakes of the 20th century
For this problem
"They would reply
In the twentieth century
Materialist philosophy
The philosophy that regards matter as the only true reality
Not only has it become part of the official worldview of many countries around the world
section
And in Western philosophy
Especially in the realm of mind-body discussion
And often dominate
however
At the same time
The essence of matter has always been
It has troubled the science of this century
The most difficult concepts to solve and understand
This means
On the one hand, the philosophy marked by materialism is popular
But on the other hand
Have no idea what matter is
Steigmuller sees here the error of the twentieth century
Two, you may ask
What is matter anyway
Why has it become the most troubling thing in science
The most difficult concepts to solve and understand
Back in the time of ancient Greece
Atomists assume that matter is the eternal building block of the universe
All things originate from it
And finally back to it
Matter never comes into being and never dies
Neither increase nor decrease
It is the absolute beginning and end of the world process
Matter is seen as universal
constant
Is the absolute entity and foundation
Entity refers to the actual objective existence
Matter and its properties must exist independently of human consciousness
afterwards
A classic based on Newtonian mechanics
Physics is a continuation of ancient atomism
The reduction of matter to qualities with certain absolutely invariable properties
Set of points
The particle concept was originally a formulation of the overall motion of a solid
Image description
But it was successfully applied to liquids
Gas and even heat phenomena
For all these forms of matter that can undergo mechanical motion
Physics calls it the real thing.
Natural philosophy calls it substance
Treat matter as objects
Then think of matter as entity
It is closely related to the special status and function of mass in Newtonian mechanics
Be related to
Newton defined mass as a measure of matter
Because in any mechanical motion or chemical reaction
Quality stays the same
Mass is considered to be an inherent property of matter itself
It represents the fact that matter never disappears
Or the concrete manifestation of the principle that the entity does not change
Classical physics represented by Newtonian mechanics
It was a great success at the end of the nineteenth century
This makes materialist philosophy
The idea of matter as an absolute entity
Became the dominant philosophy of the twentieth century
As noted in the famous quote of Steigmuller quoted above
such
however
Einstein's theory of relativity in the 20th century
Began to reveal the error of the view of material substance
First of all
Relativity proves that mass is related to velocity
The same object in a different frame of reference
With different mass values
Imagine a person pushing a small scooter with no resistance
Just keep pushing
The speed will continue to increase
But over time
Its mass will also increase
It started as if it were full of firewood
And then it seems to be filled with steel
At last it seemed to contain the whole earth
When the scooter reaches the speed of light
Its mass becomes infinite
At this point
No matter how much force is applied
It can't even accelerate
When the speed of an object approaches the speed of light
To continue to increase its speed
You need to constantly apply energy to it
however
This extra energy doesn't go away
It translates into quality
Einstein elucidated the interaction between mass and energy
Transformation relation
The famous mass-energy equation is proposed
Energy is equal to mass times the speed of light squared
Soon after
Scientists discovered nuclear fission and chain reactions
These processes convert some of the mass into a huge release of energy
Put now
Anyone familiar with atomic bombs knows that mass can be transformed
As energy
Because quality is no longer an immutable property
The concept of mass as material quantity becomes meaningless
significance
With the knowledge that matter and energy can be transformed into each other
Energy is no longer considered physical
So matter can no longer be considered a substance
meanwhile
Scientists' understanding of the structure of matter has also developed rapidly
Before the 1930s
It is generally accepted in classical physics that matter consists of molecules
Molecules are made up of atoms
Atoms are regarded as the smallest fundamental units of matter
however
The year 1932
Scientists have confirmed it through research
Atom by electron
Composed of neutrons and protons
therewith
Scientists will be smaller than the nucleus of a particle
proton-like
Neutron et al
It is regarded as the third level of the microstructure of matter
Collectively known as elementary particles
The year 1964
American physicist Marley Gell-mann boldly proposed a new theory
Protons and neutrons are not the most basic particles
They're made of even smaller particles called quarks
In search of quarks
Twenty years of work by the best physicists in the world
Although some experiments have confirmed the existence of quarks
But a single quark has yet to be discovered
The true nature of quarks remains a mystery
Particle physicists explain
Quarks are extremely unstable
Extremely short-lived particles
It can only exist stably in a bound state
Cannot stand alone
In addition
Except for a few stable particles with exceptionally long lifespans
Like photon
neutrino
Outside of electrons and protons
There are more than 300 known elementary particles
Almost all of them are fleeting
Such as
There are more than two dozen particles that decay through weak interactions
In which the life of the pion is added or subtracted
That's roughly two six times ten minus eight seconds
That means that a pion decays to a meson in one hundred millionth of a second
Other particles
There are two types of particles that decay through electromagnetic interactions
Their life spans are much shorter
The lifetime of the Pyzero meson is only 0.84 times 10 minus 16
And the eta meson has a shorter lifetime
Three times ten minus 19 seconds
Compared to the addition and subtraction mesons
Their lifespan is shortened by as much as eight to eleven orders of magnitude
however
The shortest lived particles should belong to
A particle in a resonant state decays by strong interaction
Delta particle, for example
corpuscle
These particles are numerous
It makes up more than half the members of the elementary particle family
Over 200 species in all
Their life span is shockingly short
It's hard to put exact words to their decline
Variable process
Even particle physicists use the most advanced experimental methods
Nor can they directly measure their lifespan
It can only be calculated by indirect means
Their life lasts only about ten to twenty-eight seconds
Time within
Very short life span
In that way
Why are most elementary particles so short-lived
How to understand our physical world
It's built on these ephemeral bricks
By the late twentieth century
The frontier of physics is the development of string theory
Furthering our understanding of the nature of matter
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