INILAH MENGAPA? KITA PERLU BERPIKIR KRITIS | Dr. Fahruddin Faiz | Ngaji Filsafat

Summary

The script delves into the importance of critical thinking, citing Thomas Edison's perspective that only 5% of people truly think, while 10% believe they do but may not. It emphasizes that critical thinking is not just a natural ability but a skill to be learned and honed. The speaker discusses the existential need for humans to think critically as a defining trait, the innate human desire for truth, and the practical necessity of critical thinking in all aspects of life. The dynamic nature of life and the ability to adapt through reflective thinking are highlighted as key reasons for cultivating this skill.

Takeaways

• 😀 Thomas Alva Edison's quote is used to provoke thought, suggesting that only 5% of people truly think, while 10% believe they think but may not actually do so.
• 🤔 The speaker emphasizes the importance of critical thinking, which has been discussed since the first week, as a necessary skill for effective debate and productive dialogue.
• 🧠 Critical thinking is presented as a complex process that requires more than just automatic thought; it involves deeper contemplation and a structured approach.
• 📚 The script mentions the importance of learning logic and the science of thought, as a simple logical error can lead to incorrect conclusions.
• 🌟 Being human is defined by the ability to think, which is a key differentiator from other living beings; losing this ability could lead to a descent into primal instincts.
• 💡 The innate desire for truth (Fitrah kebenaran) is highlighted as a fundamental aspect of human nature, driving us towards correctness and away from error.
• 🛠 Practically, critical thinking is a universal requirement across all areas of life and work, as it is a foundational skill needed in every profession.
• 🔄 Life is dynamic and diverse, requiring continuous adaptation and processing of truths to suit changing circumstances, which is where critical thinking plays a crucial role.
• 🤹‍♂️ The ability to reflect on life and to develop oneself is tied to deep and serious thought, which is facilitated by critical thinking.
• 🌱 The script suggests that while everyone may think they understand the importance of critical thinking, there may be a gap between perceived knowledge and actual understanding.

Q & A

What quote from Thomas Alva Edison is mentioned in the script, and what does it imply?

The quote from Thomas Alva Edison mentioned is 'Of the people, of the people,' which is used to imply that only 5% of the population truly think critically, while 10% believe they think critically but may not actually do so.

What percentage of people does Edison suggest would rather die than think?

Edison suggests that 85% of people would rather die than engage in critical thinking.

What is the main theme of the script for the night's discussion?

The main theme of the script for the night's discussion is critical thinking itself, and how to develop and practice it.

Why is critical thinking considered an existential need for humans?

Critical thinking is considered an existential need because it is one of the key distinctions between humans and other living beings, alongside the ability to think.

What is the 'Fitrah kebenaran' mentioned in the script, and why is it important for humans?

The 'Fitrah kebenaran' refers to the innate inclination towards truth that humans possess. It is important because it drives humans to seek truth and correctness in their lives.

How does critical thinking relate to the practical needs of human life?

Critical thinking is related to the practical needs of human life because it is a universal skill needed in all areas of life, from work to daily decision-making.

What is the role of critical thinking in adapting to the dynamics of life?

Critical thinking is essential for adapting to the dynamics of life because it allows individuals to continuously process and manage truths that are always changing and evolving.

Why is critical thinking necessary for self-reflection and personal development?

Critical thinking is necessary for self-reflection and personal development because it enables deep and serious thought about one's life, which is crucial for improving and bettering oneself.

What is the example given in the script to illustrate a simple logical fallacy?

The example given is a syllogism where it is stated that all fathers are men, and the speaker is a man, but it does not logically follow that the speaker is a father, illustrating a logical fallacy.

How does the script suggest that the ability to think critically can prevent confusion and errors in reasoning?

The script suggests that by understanding and practicing critical thinking, individuals can better navigate the complexities of thought and avoid the pitfalls of simple, incorrect reasoning.

What is the significance of the script's discussion on critical thinking in the context of the current pandemic?

The significance is to highlight how critical thinking can adapt to new situations, such as the pandemic, where previous norms and behaviors may no longer be appropriate or safe.

Outlines

00:00

🤔 The Importance of Critical Thinking

The speaker opens with a quote from Thomas Alva Edison, emphasizing that only 5% of people truly think critically, while 10% believe they do but may not. Edison's words serve as a provocation to strive to be part of the 5% who think critically. The speaker discusses the concept of critical thinking, its importance, and how it's been a topic since the first week. Critical thinking is part of a broader ability to engage in productive debates and dialogues. The speaker encourages the audience to learn critical thinking as a way to improve their thought processes and avoid falling into the trap of complacency or incorrect thinking.

05:02

📚 Understanding Logic and Critical Thinking

The speaker uses the example of a flawed syllogism to illustrate the importance of understanding logic in critical thinking. They point out that incorrect conclusions can be drawn from seemingly logical premises, highlighting the need to learn the correct methods of thinking. The speaker emphasizes that critical thinking is existential to human existence, distinguishing humans from other living beings. It is a natural inclination towards truth and an integral part of human nature. The speaker also mentions the practical aspect of critical thinking, as it is a universal skill needed across all fields of life and work.

10:02

🌐 The Universality and Dynamism of Critical Thinking

The speaker discusses the universal need for critical thinking in all aspects of life and work, arguing that it is a fundamental skill required by all professions. They address the misconception that philosophy or critical thinking might not have practical applications, countering that it is a foundational competence needed everywhere. The speaker also touches on the dynamic nature of life, where situations and truths can change, necessitating the continuous adaptation and re-evaluation of beliefs and actions. Critical thinking is presented as a tool for adaptation and personal development, enabling individuals to reflect on their lives and improve them continuously.

Keywords

💡Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally, understanding the logical connection between ideas. It is central to the video's theme as the speaker discusses the importance of this skill in various aspects of life. The script mentions learning critical thinking as part of being in the 5% of people who truly think, as opposed to the 85% who would rather not think at all.

💡Existential

The term 'existential' refers to the nature of existence, being, or reality. In the context of the video, it is used to describe the fundamental need for humans to think as a defining characteristic that differentiates humans from other living beings. The existential aspect is highlighted when discussing the potential danger of humans losing their ability to think, which could lead to a regression to a more primal state.

💡Truth

Truth, in the video, is presented as an inherent desire within humans to seek correctness and accuracy in their understanding and actions. It is linked to the concept of 'Fitrah kebenaran,' which suggests an innate inclination towards righteousness and reality. The script uses the term to emphasize the importance of critical thinking in guiding individuals towards truth and avoiding errors or misconceptions.

💡Adaptation

Adaptation is the process of adjusting to new conditions or circumstances. The video script discusses the dynamic and pluralistic nature of life, implying that critical thinking is necessary for humans to adapt to changing situations and to reassess what is true or appropriate over time. For example, the speaker contrasts traditional forms of social interaction with the need for new behaviors during a pandemic.

💡Reflection

Reflection, as discussed in the video, is the act of thinking deeply about one's life, experiences, and actions. It is associated with self-improvement and personal growth. Critical thinking is presented as a tool for reflection, enabling individuals to consider their lives more deeply and to strive for betterment, as illustrated by the speaker's emphasis on the importance of serious and profound thought for personal development.

💡Thomas Alva Edison

Thomas Alva Edison is quoted at the beginning of the video as a way to provoke thought and to challenge the audience to become part of the 5% who truly think. Edison's quote about the majority of people not thinking critically is used to underscore the video's theme of the importance of critical thinking.

💡Silogism

Silogism is a form of logical argument that contains two premises and a conclusion derived from them. In the script, a simple example of a silogism is given to illustrate how incorrect conclusions can be reached through flawed logic, emphasizing the need for learning correct thinking methods.

💡Philosophy

Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, ethics, and reality. The video discusses the practical applications of philosophy, particularly the skill of critical thinking, which is presented as universally applicable across all fields of work and life. The speaker counters the notion that philosophy has limited job prospects by highlighting its foundational role in developing critical thinking.

💡Dynamic

The term 'dynamic' is used in the video to describe the ever-changing nature of life. It is in this context that critical thinking is presented as essential for adapting to new situations and for continuously refining one's understanding of truth and appropriate action.

💡Pluralistic

Pluralistic refers to the existence of a variety of beliefs, opinions, or doctrines. The video script uses this term to describe the diverse and multifaceted nature of life, suggesting that critical thinking is necessary to navigate the complexities and to find truth that may differ across contexts.

💡Universal

Universal, in the context of the video, means applicable to all or throughout the entire scope of something. The speaker argues that the ability to think critically is a universal need across all areas of life and work, as it is a fundamental skill that enables effective decision-making and problem-solving.

Highlights

Thomas Alva Edison's quote on the percentage of people who truly think and those who believe they think but may not.

The importance of critical thinking as part of a rational and wise thought process.

The need for critical thinking to differentiate oneself from the majority who may not engage in deep thought.

The existential nature of thinking as a key characteristic that distinguishes humans from other living beings.

The innate human desire for truth and the discomfort that arises when one strays from it.

The practical necessity of critical thinking in nearly all aspects of life.

The universal need for the ability to think correctly across all professions and life dimensions.

The dynamic and pluralistic nature of life that requires continuous adaptation and critical thinking.

The relationship between critical thinking and the ability to reflect on one's life and personal development.

The incorrect assumption that all people think in the same way and the need to understand the complexity of thought.

The role of logic in critical thinking and the common logical fallacies that can lead to incorrect conclusions.

The importance of learning the art of thinking, such as logic, to improve one's thought process.

The philosophical definition of humans as thinking beings and the potential dangers of losing the ability to think.

The pragmatic view of philosophy as a fundamental skill set applicable to all fields of work and life.

The misconception that philosophy has limited practical applications and the reality of its universal value.

The need for critical thinking to adapt to changing circumstances and the evolving nature of truth.

The example of how traditional social interactions have changed due to the pandemic, illustrating the need for critical thinking in new contexts.

The final emphasis on the undeniable importance of critical thinking, even if it may seem already well-understood.

Transcripts

kita mulai saja

yang pertama ini

saya buka dengan quotes dari Thomas Alva

Edison

teman-teman mestinya kenal ya yang

pernah sekolah dengan nama ini Thomas

Alva Edison katanya Thomas Alva Edison

of the people

of the people

[Musik]

ini Thomas Alva Edison sedang menyindir

kita

katanya Thomas Alva Edison hanya

5% masyarakat mungkin ya hanya 5%

manusia yang benar-benar berpikir

dan hanya dan ada 10% yang merasa sudah

berpikir

Jadi kalau manusia itu dihitung 100% nya

yang serius mikir Beneran itu cuma 5%

yang 10% itu merasa dia sudah berpikir

padahal sebenarnya ya belum

tapi dia merasa sudah

jadi seolah-olah Sudah berpikir padahal

belum Mungkin karena belum ngerti

caranya berpikir yang benar atau ndak

ngerti bedanya sudah berpikir apa belum

ini malam hari ini akan kita bahas dan

yang

85% would race

lebih memilih mati daripada berpikir

ini maksudnya yang 80% itu tidak mau

mikir

ndak mau capek-capek berpikir nggak mau

susah-susah robot mikir

jadi ini jumlahnya ternyata besar 85%

oke yo ini Anggap saja quotesnya atau

Mas Alfa Edison ini provokasi kepada

kita dorong kepada kita mari kita masuk

ke grup yang 5% tadi hidup dengan

landasan pikiran akal budi berpikir yang

benar maka malam hari ini Mari kita

belajar berpikir kritis

bagian dari berpikir kritis itu

sebenarnya sudah kita bahas sejak minggu

pertama

ketika kita bertanya secara tepat itu

menunjukkan bahwa kita sudah mampu

berpikir kritis kita bisa berdebat

secara baik dan berdialog secara

produktif itu juga bagian dari kemampuan

berpikir kritis

nah malam hari ini kita masuk ke tema

utamanya yaitu berpikir kritis itu

sendiri

kita mulai sekarang materi pertama kita

tentang berpikir kritis Mengapa kita

perlu berpikir kritis

nah ini ada kalau ini

jawaban-jawaban yang sifatnya analisis

kira-kira Apa sih yang membuat kita

butuh berpikir kritis itu

Apakah anda bisa berpikir kritis Itu

otomatis saja kita mikir biasa saja

kayak orang-orang lain toh semua orang

juga berpikir apa ada orang yang

ndak berpikir hidup di muka bumi ini

semuanya juga berpikir kalau ndak

berpikir dia ndak bisa hidup selayaknya

seorang manusia

tapi kalau kita

renungi ternyata Berpikir itu sesuatu

yang sifatnya Kompleks tidak sesederhana

yang kita bayangkan ya Secara otomatis

kita bisa berpikir tapi nanti ada banyak

problem banyak masalah yang

memerlukan perenungan lebih dalam tidak

bisa dijawab dengan berpikir sambil lalu

otomatis saja perlu tahapan-tahapan

perlu proses-proses itu makanya

para ulama juga banyak yang

menyarankan kita

belajar ilmu alat diantara ilmu alat itu

ilmu mantek ilmu cara untuk berpikir

saya kalau di kelas kadang-kadang

memberi contoh kalau kita ndak belajar

logika

penyimpulan kita bisa salah loh dari

logika yang sangat sederhana saja

Misalnya kita kan sering memberi contoh

bahwa semua manusia mati saya manusia

Maka nanti saya mati ini simple

cara berpikir seperti ini kan nanti kita

sebut silogisme ini contoh paling

sederhana tapi misalnya contohnya saya

ganti ini kesimpulannya bisa

membingungkan

misalnya semua Bapak adalah laki-laki

[Musik]

saya laki-laki

itu kalau pakai teori tadi kesimpulannya

berarti kalau begitu saya bapak

ini

lho itu kalau tadi kok rasanya bener

tapi kalau yang ini kok rasanya ganjel

Ya semua Bapak laki-laki saya memang

laki-laki tapi kan ndak mesti saya bapak

salahnya di mana ya Ini ada kaidah

logika yang dilanggar

jadi ngertinya dari mana yo teman-teman

belajar lagi tentang logika ini salah

satu sebenarnya ilustrasi bahwa lo

Berpikir itu juga harus ngerti caranya

ngerti jalannya

Oke itulah antara lain gunanya berpikir

kritis

nah disitu saya tulis ada beberapa

alasan kalau mau dicari Mengapa kita

butuh berpikir kritis

yang pertama

Berpikir itu sifatnya eksistensial

keberadaan Kita sebagai manusia

itu diantara kunci

pencirinya dengan semua makhluk hidup

yang lain adalah kemampuan berpikir

para

filosof zaman dulu mendefinisikan

manusia itu sebagai binatang yang

berpikir nah ini berarti penciri

utamanya manusia itu berpikir

sehingga kalau manusia

kehilangan kemampuan berpikirnya dia

berada dalam bahaya Mungkin dia jatuh ke

ranah ke binatang

[Musik]

sehingga hidupnya tidak tertib tidak

tertata isinya hasrat Ambisi

tidak cerdas sering jatuh dalam

kekeliruan kesalahan atau juga jatuh ke

ranah asfala safilin kalau bahasanya

Alquran bahkan lebih rendah dari

binatang

ini jawaban

eksistensial yang pertama Manusia itu ya

Secara eksistensial memang butuh

berpikir

yang kedua selain bahwa hakikat

mekanisme kediriannya adalah berpikir

manusia juga punya Fitrah kebenaran

Fitrah kebenaran itu manusia itu

kediriannya

berkait erat dengan

adanya kebenaran manusia itu gelisah

kalau keliru manusia itu gelisah Kalau

salah kita kan kadang-kadang

jelas-jelas salah ndak mau disebut salah

karena memang manusia itu selalu ingin

ada di ranah yang benar

nah ini Fitrah berarti apa yang bisa

membawa kita kepada kebenaran itu

nilainya penting bagi manusia

termasuk

akal budi dan berpikir jadi manusia itu

secara Fitrah ingin berada dalam

kebenaran sementara dia tidak selalu ada

di sana kadang-kadang juga khilaf dan

salah Maka manusia pastinya membutuhkan

kendaraan untuk sampai pada kebenaran

antara lain kemampuan berpikir kritis

yang ketiga

secara pragmatis manusia itu

membutuhkan berfikir untuk hampir semua

wilayah kehidupannya

berfikir adalah universal net kebutuhan

kita yang universal di bidang apapun

Saya pernah ditanya

Pak kalau belajar filsafat itu nanti

kerjanya di mana

itu Zaman itu saya masih bingung

jawabnya gimana ya Kalau nyari lowongan

pekerjaan di koran-koran itu kan ndak

pernah ketemu dicari seorang filosof apa

teman-teman nyari coba dibuka webnya

lowongan kerja itu jarang kan ditemukan

atau jangan-jangan malah ndak ada ada

dicari seorang filsuf

kalau dilihat ininya itu mungkin para

sarjana dan mahasiswa filsafat bisa

pesimis tapi jangan lupa hakikatnya

filsafat itu adalah berpikir yang benar

dan berpikir ini kualifikasi kompetensi

yang dibutuhkan oleh semua bidang

pekerjaan bahkan semua bidang kehidupan

manusia

ndak ada satu bidang pun yang ndak butuh

kemampuan berpikir yang benar

Maka kalau ada yang tanya kalau yang

tanya saya sekarang Pak sarjana filsafat

itu pekerjaannya apa ya jawaban saya

meski ini dia bisa bekerja di bidang apa

saja

karena kemampuannya kemampuan yang

paling dasar yaitu kemampuan berpikir

yang benar dan semua bidang pekerjaan

yang membutuhkan kemampuan berpikir yang

benar

sehingga dia disebut universal ini kalau

ada yang tanya ya Mengapa kita butuh

berpikir kritis ya karena setiap bidang

pekerjaan setiap dimensi hidup kita

membutuhkan

tanggapan kemampuan berpikir yang benar

yang keempat Mengapa kita butuh berpikir

yang benar karena hidup ini dinamis

hidup ini plural macem-macem

satu kebenaran mungkin cocok di sini

ndak cocok di sana cocok sekarang nggak

cocok untuk besok sehingga manusia tidak

bisa berhenti di satu titik kebenaran

dia butuh terus menerus mengelola

mengolah kebenaran itu agar senantiasa

sesuai untuk hidupnya

berarti berpikir kritis itu kebutuhan

manusia untuk beradaptasi dalam hidupnya

kalau dulu Memang cocoknya begini tapi

sekarang ndak bisa lagi begini harus

begitu loh kemampuan seperti ini ini kan

namanya kemampuan berpikir kritis kalau

dulu yang seperti itu diperbolehkan

dianggap benar tapi yang kalau sekarang

ndak lagi situasinya berubah kalau dulu

kita rajin silaturahim menemui

saudara-saudara kita langsung ke

rumahnya masing-masing salaman pelukan

Itu kelihatan menyenangkan membahagiakan

Indah sesuatu yang dianggap positif

benar tapi sekarang zaman pandemi

ya kalau bisa tidak begitu lagi kalau

kita nekat kemana-mana silaturahim terus

ketemu temen salaman cium tangan jika

dan seterusnya ya resikonya bisa

dibubarkan polisi bisa akhirnya kita

kena Corona situasinya berubah tanggapan

berpikirnya juga harus berbeda ini

namanya berpikir kritis itulah Mengapa

kita perlu berpikir kritis

yang kelima

berpikir kritis itu

berhubungan dengan kemampuan kita untuk

berefleksi

berefleksi itu merenungi kehidupan kita

dan kemampuan refleksi nanti terkait

dengan pengembangan diri

bagaimana kita hidup semakin baik

semakin baik semakin baik ini perlu

kemampuan berpikir yang mendalam yang

serius

jadi ternyata berpikir kritis itu

penting sebenarnya mau ngomong ini saja

saya yakin teman-teman juga sudah tahu

kalau berpikir kritis itu penting tapi

tetap saya sampaikan Siapa tahu sudah

tahu tadi hanya merasa sudah tahu

padahal aslinya belum tahu kalau ditanya

juga masih bingung