3 Secrets to Clearing Acne Without Medication (No Accutane / Tretinoin)

Summary

This video shares the personal journey of overcoming adult acne for over nine years without resorting to medications like Accutane and tretinoin. The speaker details the side effects of these treatments and their decision to focus on internal health, diet, sleep, and stress management. They introduce a secret weapon, vitamin B5, and discuss its benefits for acne-prone skin. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of skin hygiene and provide tips on reducing makeup use and proper acne care. The video aims to inspire hope and offer practical advice for those struggling with acne.

Takeaways

• 😔 The speaker struggled with adult acne for over 9 years and experienced severe side effects from treatments like Accutane and tretinoin.
• 💡 They decided to stop using these medications and instead focused on three fundamental changes for skin improvement: diet, sleep, and stress management.
• 🥗 A significant dietary change involved reducing high glycemic foods and dairy, which can potentially trigger acne due to hormonal imbalances and insulin spikes.
• 🍏 The speaker emphasizes the importance of consuming natural, unprocessed foods like fruits, vegetables, and green tea for their antioxidant properties.
• 💧 Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water is highlighted as a basic yet essential practice for overall health and skin clarity.
• 💊 The introduction of a 'secret weapon', penic acid (vitamin B5), is mentioned as a supplement that helped reduce acne by improving skin moisture retention and barrier repair.
• 🛌 Stress and lack of sleep are identified as factors that can exacerbate acne, with the speaker sharing personal strategies to manage these aspects of life.
• 🧼 Skin hygiene practices, such as cleaning tools and showering before bed, are recommended to minimize skin irritation and bacterial transfer.
• 🚫 Reducing makeup use and allowing the skin to breathe is suggested as a way to promote healing and prevent further acne breakouts.
• 🤲 A 'hands off' approach to avoid touching the face and keeping the hair up is advised to prevent irritation and the spread of bacteria.
• 👍 The video concludes with encouragement to view these lifestyle changes as self-care for overall health, not just for treating acne.

Q & A

What were the side effects the speaker experienced while using Accutane?

The speaker experienced severe side effects while using Accutane, including dry eyes, trapped lips, hair loss, and mood swings.

Why did the speaker decide to stop using Accutane?

The speaker decided to stop using Accutane because the side effects, particularly mood swings and dry eyes, were affecting their quality of life, and they felt the drug was doing more harm than good.

What is the FDA's recorded data regarding Accutane and mental health issues?

From 1982 to 2000, the FDA recorded 37 reports of suicide, 110 hospitalizations for depression or suicidal behavior, and 284 cases of depression among people taking Accutane.

What is the speaker's view on the relationship between Accutane and mental health?

The speaker believes that Accutane could potentially cause mental health disorders, despite the dermatologist's insistence on no scientific correlation, citing the drug's known risks and the FDA's recorded data.

What is the 'secret weapon' the speaker used to help clear their skin?

The 'secret weapon' the speaker used is a vitamin B5 compound called pantothenic acid, which they took in supplement form to improve their skin's moisture retention and barrier repair.

What dietary changes did the speaker make to improve their skin?

The speaker avoided high glycemic foods and dairy products, and increased their intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. They also swapped out sugary snacks for natural unprocessed foods like blueberries and apples.

How does the speaker incorporate green tea into their routine for skin health?

The speaker drinks powdered green tea every morning as part of their tea time ritual, which they believe helps with stress reduction and provides antioxidants beneficial for their skin.

What is the speaker's approach to managing stress and sleep for better skin health?

The speaker emphasizes the importance of regulating stress and sleep cycles, aiming to sleep before 11:00 p.m. and recharge with extra sleep if they stay up late. They also incorporate exercise into their routine to help release stress.

What are the three rules the speaker follows for skin hygiene?

The three rules for skin hygiene the speaker follows are: keeping all tools that touch their face clean, showering before bed, and avoiding face touching by keeping hands away and hair up.

How does the speaker suggest reducing makeup use to improve skin health?

The speaker suggests reducing makeup use by taking advantage of hormonal cycles to gradually transition to wearing less makeup, using oil-free sunscreen and spot concealers when necessary, and minimizing social gatherings that encourage heavy makeup.

Outlines

00:00

🌱 Overcoming Adult Acne Through Lifestyle Changes

The speaker shares their personal journey of battling adult acne for over nine years and the decision to abandon conventional treatments like Accutane and tretinoin due to severe side effects. They empathize with others struggling with acne and introduce three fundamental lifestyle changes and a 'secret weapon' that helped clear their skin. The video serves as a disclaimer that the advice is based on personal experience and may not be suitable for everyone, especially those with severe acne who should consult a dermatologist. The speaker's past experiences with medications are detailed, highlighting the temporary relief and subsequent rebound of acne, leading to a search for alternative solutions focusing on internal health.

05:01

🍽️ Diet, Sleep, and Stress: Keys to Clear Skin

The second paragraph delves into the importance of diet, sleep, and stress management in treating acne from its root. The speaker emphasizes the negative impact of high-glycemic foods and dairy on skin health and suggests a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. They share personal strategies for healthier eating, like swapping out processed foods for natural alternatives and incorporating green tea for its antioxidant properties. The paragraph also highlights the significance of hydration and introduces a vitamin B5 supplement, penic acid, which the speaker claims helped reduce acne significantly, despite potential side effects like diarrhea when overused.

10:02

💤 Stress and Sleep: The Silent Culprits in Acne Formation

In this paragraph, the speaker discusses the complex relationship between stress, sleep, and acne, explaining how stress hormones can increase sebum production and inflammation, leading to acne. They also describe the importance of sleep in hormone regulation and stress reduction. The speaker shares personal habits for managing stress and sleep, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and engaging in regular exercise. They stress the importance of finding personal strategies to balance stress and sleep for better skin health.

15:04

🧼 Skin Hygiene and Care: Practical Tips for Clearer Skin

The final paragraph focuses on maintaining skin hygiene and provides practical skincare tips. The speaker outlines rules for keeping tools clean, showering before bed, and avoiding face touching. They also discuss the benefits of reducing makeup use to allow the skin to breathe and provide advice on how to transition to wearing less makeup, especially during hormonal cycles. The paragraph concludes with a caution against popping pimples, except when they are visibly ripe, and the importance of using sterilized tools and spot patches for proper acne management.

Keywords

💡Acne

Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. It is the central theme of the video, as the speaker discusses their personal struggle with adult acne and the measures they took to improve their skin condition. The script mentions the impact of acne on the speaker's life and the various treatments they tried, such as Accutane and tretinoin.

💡Accutane

Accutane, also known as isotretinoin, is a prescription medication used for the treatment of severe acne. In the video, the speaker shares their experience with Accutane, highlighting its effectiveness in clearing acne but also the severe side effects they experienced, such as dry eyes, mood swings, and hair loss.

💡Tretinoin

Tretinoin is a topical medication commonly used to treat acne. The script describes the speaker's experience with tretinoin, noting its notorious 'purge period' where the skin may initially get worse before improving, and the dryness and breakouts they experienced as side effects.

💡Internal Health

Internal health refers to the overall condition of a person's body, including factors like diet, sleep, and stress levels. The video emphasizes the importance of improving internal health to address the root causes of acne. The speaker shares their journey of dietary changes, stress reduction, and the impact of these changes on their skin.

💡Diet

Diet is the types of food that a person habitually eats. In the context of the video, diet plays a significant role in managing acne. The speaker discusses the need to avoid high glycemic foods and dairy products, which can potentially trigger acne, and suggests incorporating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains into their diet.

💡Stress

Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances. The video script explains how stress can contribute to acne by increasing inflammation and affecting hormonal balance. The speaker shares their own methods for managing stress, such as establishing a regular sleep routine and engaging in physical exercise.

💡Sleep

Sleep is the condition of being asleep, which is essential for the body's rest and recovery. The script mentions the importance of adequate sleep in hormone regulation and overall skin health. The speaker describes their efforts to maintain a regular sleep schedule to improve their skin condition.

💡Penicillin

Penicillin is a supplement form of vitamin B5, which the speaker in the video used to improve their skin's moisture retention and barrier function. The script details the speaker's experience with taking penicillin for three months and its positive impact on reducing acne breakouts, despite some side effects like diarrhea.

💡Skin Hygiene

Skin hygiene refers to the practices of maintaining cleanliness and health of the skin. The video discusses the importance of keeping tools that come into contact with the face clean, showering before bed to remove hair and makeup, and avoiding touching the face to minimize acne-causing bacteria transfer.

💡Makeup

Makeup refers to the cosmetic products used to enhance or alter the appearance of the face. The script advises reducing the use of makeup to allow the skin to breathe and heal. The speaker shares tips on using oil-free sunscreen and spot concealers to minimize makeup while still addressing visible acne marks.

💡Popping Zits

Popping zits, or pimples, is the act of manually opening a blocked pore to release its contents. The video script advises against popping pimples unless they are visibly ripe and provides a method for doing so safely with sterilized tools and aftercare to prevent infection and scarring.

Highlights

The individual suffered from adult acne for over 9 years and experienced side effects from Accutane and tretinoin.

After discontinuing medication, three simple yet fundamentally important practices were adopted to clear the skin.

A secret weapon, a game-changer for the skin, is revealed at the end of the video.

The video aims to provide useful tips for improving skin health amidst the mental and financial toll of acne.

The speaker is not a licensed dermatologist, and the advice is based on personal experience, which may not work for everyone.

Previous treatments with Accutane resulted in acne clearance but severe side effects like dry eyes, hair loss, and mood swings.

There is a potential link between Accutane and mood swings, despite what some dermatologists may claim.

The decision to stop taking Accutane led to an improvement in side effects but a rebound of acne.

Improving internal health through diet, sleep, and stress management is key to tackling acne from its root.

High glycemic foods and dairy products can potentially trigger more acne due to hormonal imbalances.

Incorporating more fruits, vegetables, and green tea into the diet can promote healthier skin.

Drinking plenty of water and establishing a morning ritual with powdered green tea can benefit skin health.

Penic acid, a vitamin B5 compound, was used as a supplement to improve skin moisture retention and barrier repair.

Stress and lack of sleep can contribute to acne formation and should be managed for better skin health.

Maintaining skin hygiene by keeping tools clean, showering before bed, and avoiding face touching is crucial.

Reducing makeup use and allowing the skin to breathe can aid in acne recovery.

Using spot concealers and patches can help manage visible acne without clogging the pores.

The importance of not popping zits unless they are ripe and the proper way to do so is discussed.

The video concludes with an invitation for viewers to share their personal acne-clearing stories.

Transcripts

this is my skin one year ago and this is

my skin today after suffering from adult

acne for over 9 years and being tired of

side effects from Accutane and troin I

finally decided to ditch them all and

just try these three simple yet

fundamentally important things that

effectively cleared my skin plus there's

one secret weapon that was such a game

changer for my skin so make sure you

watch till the end I wanted to make this

video because I know how much acne can

consume your life both mentally and

financially when I see other people with

severe acne I never think ew that looks

gross and instantly turn on my judgment

switch instead I deeply empathize with

the pain they might be going through and

I wish they can achieve clear skin soon

so I hope this video can give you useful

tips that can help you improve your skin

and stay healthy and beautiful here's a

disclaimer I'm not a licensed

dermatologist or a doctor and everything

that I'll talk about is based on my own

experience which may or may not work for

you so if you're experiencing severe

acne I suggest seeing a dermatologist or

a doctor when my skin was at its worst I

tried every medications that are known

to cure acne including Accutane

tretinoin and antibiotics I was even on

Accutane two times both for several

months to a year and every time I was on

my acne magically cleared away but I had

to deal with pretty severe side effects

like dry eyes trapped lips hair loss and

mood swings the second time I was on I

consulted with my dermatologist about

all these side effects especially about

my mood swings and dry eyes man it was

such a rough time for me because my skin

was slowly improving with less acne over

the course of a few months however my

mood swings were affecting my day-to-day

and my dry eyes were really bad to the

point that I occasionally got blurred

vision when I had to stay up late at

night for my work at that point I was

also undergoing eye treatments for

dryness and vision problems and every

day I was having dark thoughts about my

life to the point I wanted to just give

up on everything so when I consulted

with my dermatologist she was concerned

about dry eyes but regarding my mood

swings she lowkey insisted on continuing

taking it saying there's no scientific

correlation between acutane and mood

swings or depressions I did my research

about it and I found out that the FDA

from 1982 to meet 2000 records 37

reports of suicide 110 hospitalization

for depression or suicidal behavior and

284 cases of depression among people

taking acutane additionally in 1998 drug

maker Roos added a warning to Accutane

label stating that isot troid could

potentially cause mental health

disorders I mean if you just logically

think about it acutane is known to have

a potential risk of causing birth

effects during pregnancy and it's a

highly controlled drug that you need to

take pregnancy test and blood test every

month in order to be prescribed with

acutane I think there's no way it will

have zero effect on mental health so

regardless of what she said I decided

for myself that this drug is potentially

doing more harm to my body while it can

clear my acne and since I quit my dry

eyes and mood swings instantly started

to improve however once I stopped taking

it my acne rebounded more aggressively I

also tried prescribe tronoid with

antibiotics which is notorious for its

initial Purge period and it was quite

bad for me my skin was ridiculously dry

and also covered with active breakouts

so when I even tried to conceal them

with makeup it never set well on my skin

and you could tell I had terrible skin

underneath and even after The Purge was

over I continuously caught a few big

pimples and my skin got extremely

sensitive over time so I decided to stop

it so what could I do when I didn't want

to go back to Accutane or stick with

troin and antibiotics that made my skin

so irritable the first thing I looked

into was improving my internal health if

you're thinking thinking oh this is so

obvious just bear with me for a second

tackling acne from its root means you

have to minimize inflammation and

hormonal imbalance since it's a common

knowledge that acne stems from hair

follicles trapping oil and dead skin

cells we instantly think about changing

skin products and skincare routines or

exfoliating more frequently to remove

dead skin cells while skin care is

definitely important if your internal

health is suboptimal then no matter how

expensive products you use and how

diligent you are with exfoliating and

washing your face you'll keep getting

acne as a simple analogy let's think

about a plant if the soil is spoiled

without any nutritions or has poor

drainage and doesn't get enough sunlight

no matter how well you water it it will

start to wilt so there are three main

things I'd like to highlight for

improving internal health if you can

stick to these three things you pretty

much got your base covered so here we go

diet sleep and stress when you're con

constantly getting acne you want to

First assess your diet because what you

eat is pretty much who you are Diet also

has this interesting correlation to your

sleep and stress in terms of how they

can all cause a vicious cycle of you

making bad choices for each of them

during my severe acne period I was

consuming so much fast food sweets

instant noodles and all the junk that my

body would immediately react to in the

next day or two by pushing out more acne

so let's first talk about food that you

want to avoid or use first watch those

carbs try to steer clear of high

glycemic foods like refined carbs and

sugary snacks they can include things

like highly processed cereals Donuts

soda chips potato fries and even white

rice and noodles they can Spike insulin

levels potentially triggering more acne

also cut back on dairy dairy products

contain hormones they can mess with your

hormonal balance which is a key player

in acne now I get it saying goodbye to R

dairy products and sweet treats isn't

really easy as a fan of Korean meals and

all things sweet cutting them out

completely seems almost impossible but

here's a deal awareness is a game

changer it's so important that you know

what you're eating and how it affects

your skin for instance what I do now is

swap out white bread for whole grains in

a sandwich and trade the milk in my

latte for Oat or almond milk without

adding any sugar or syrups also by

simply cutting down processed snacks and

greasy fast food already makes a huge

difference on not just my skin but also

how groggy and gassy I feel these are

just some visible signs that your body

is not appreciating what you're

consuming meanwhile it's a great idea to

stay close to these wonderful food for

acne first fruits and vegetables last

year I decided to swap my regular lunch

for salads and Bam my skin thanked me

plus it helped with my bowel movement

because I didn't feel bloated anymore

and when when I have a sweet tooth I opt

for more natural unprocessed foods like

blueberries and apples instead of sugary

snacks in general I think anything

that's natural and close to the original

form is better than processed products

if you somehow struggle to consume these

things because you're lazy like me to

grab them from the fridge wash them and

cut them then here's my suggestion make

them into smoothies what I've been doing

recently is just getting frozen

blueberries from Costco and banana beads

Cale cabbage and a bunch of veggies and

I pre-wash them put them in separate

containers to refrigerate them and when

I want to make smoothie I would just

dump them all and blend them with almond

milk Beach juice walnuts and protein

powder into a smoothie every morning it

tastes great quite filling and also

super balanced with wonderful nutrients

also you don't need to go through the

hassle of having to wash them and prep

them individually aside from food I also

like to incorporate healthier choices

for Beverages and green tea is my staple

for that I've been drinking powdered

green tea for over a year now and it's

been helping with my skin but also with

lowering my stress level green tea is

known for its Rich antioxidants it's

loaded with polyphenols which act as

powerful antioxidants and these

antioxidants can promote healthier skin

by protecting it from oxidative stress

so to enjoy all these benefits I've

established my morning ritual drinking

powder matcha I got from ioto tea they

tell a variety of powdered matcha as

well as tea bags so I regularly purchase

from this store it's not sponsored by

the way every morning I have tea time

which is so soothing and therapeutic for

me and I believe this daily tea time

offers benefits of both stress reduction

and providing antioxidants for my body

which should help reduce acne and don't

forget the basics water I think the best

way to drink lots of water is to build a

habit and for me it was by getting a

nice spacious water bottle that I I can

carry around easily so I got this

minimal white tumbler from simple modern

I love the design and how it comes with

two types of Lids one for siipping and

the other one for using a straw and it

holds about 24 oz which is plenty for

about a half a day to a full day of

water consumption for me this is with me

all the time since I carry this

everywhere to work to gym or anywhere

I'm at

home easily help me build a habit of

drinking water lastly here's my secret

weapon that helped me dramatically

reduce formation of new acne it's this

guy right here it's penic acid from now

supplement so the reason why I tried

this in the first place is when I was so

fed up with all the medications I

decided to do my own research and I

learned that the vitamin B5 compound

penic acid improves your Skin's ability

to retain moisture Aid Skin Barrier

repair and prevents harmful toxins from

intering your body so vitamin B5 is a

great way to treat and prevent acne and

apparently there were so many

testimonials of people overdosing this

for a certain period of time to

dramatically reduce acne which can come

with some side effects like nausea

diarrhea abdominal pain Etc however

vitamin B5 is a naturally occurring

substance found in various plants and

animals such as eggs milk vegetable beef

chicken and whole grains also it's water

soluble so if your body doesn't need it

anymore you'll simply pee any a is out

of your system so I didn't really think

it would be severely harmful to my body

even if I overdose it temporarily so for

about 3 months I decided to take about

eight pills per day after each meal

which significantly helped with reducing

active acne the only side effect I

personally dealt with overdosing this

was more frequent diarrhea but it was

much better than when I was taking

Accutane and had all these side effects

and painful constipation after all I

think the trade-off of overdosing this

was far less than taking acate in my

opinion so if you want to give it a try

just do your research and see if this

will be a right path for you but

personally I only have good things to

say about this option since it's

affordable you don't need prescription

since it's FD approved and it's pretty

risk-free now let's talk about stress

and sleep the relationship between

stress and acne is complex and can vary

from person to person but stress is

known to be a contributing factor to

Acne Stress can trigger release of

stress hormones like all that can lead

to an increase in Androgen levels and

androgens stimulates the sebaceous

glands to produce excess oil that can

clog pores stress can also induce

inflammatory responses in the body and

inflammation is a key factor in the

formation of acne and when you get

stressed you're more likely to engage in

unhealthy coping mechanisms like poor

dietary choices inadequate sleep and

neglecting skincare routines which

create the snowling effect of harming

your skin and lack of sleep is also a

huge fact factor for causing acne

there's a physical difference on my skin

condition when I'm sleep deprived and

it's because sleep plays a crucial role

in regulating hormone levels reducing

inflammation immune system and also it's

tied to your stress levels all that to

say you need to find your own ways to

regulate stress and sleep cycle I always

strive to sleep before 11:00 p.m. unless

I absolutely need to stay up past that

for example if I have an important

review the next day then I might stay up

longer but the next day I make sure I

recharge with extra sleeve and that in

itself can already help a lot with

stress reduction I know that I'm more

depressed than cranky when I'm sleep

deprived so I force myself to keep this

Rhythm I also work out for 1 hour once a

week which is not a lot but so far

that's the most sustainable way for me

to work out and I do feel like that not

only keeps my body fit but also helps

release stress because I feel awesome

after every workout so find your own

Rhythm to balance stress and sleep and

you'll be on the right track to

achieving gray skin all right let's dive

into my second tip which is skin hygiene

there are only three rules that I keep

in mind to make sure I stay as hygienic

as possible to minimize skin irritation

and bacteria's transfer rule number one

clean tools rule I keep everything

touching my face squeaky clean from

lotion specialized to makeup sponges I

clean my lotion spatulas with alcohol

wipes before and after usage and also

use disposable makeup sponges when

applying lotion serum and makeup I also

swap out the towel every 2 days and dive

into fresh clean sheets rule number two

shower power I always shower before bed

your hair is a magnet for dust so let's

not bring that to bed and after a day of

makeup I'm on it makeup off face washed

Ponto no clock pores on my watch Ru

number three hands off hair up avoiding

face touching is my Mantra hands usually

stay away and when possible I tie up my

hair to prevent it from potentially

irritating my skin these are just some

small efforts I make to maintain

cleanliness for my skin but the main

thing for your takeaway is to minimize

contact with your skin and anything that

comes in contact with skin should always

be as clean as possible the last topic I

want to tackle is skin care there are

mainly two things in skincare that I

always try to maintain these days first

I reduce my makeup I used to wear makeup

every day whenever I needed to go aside

they would include applying full face

foundation and concealers all over my

face and trust me even if you use

non-comedogenic makeup products you're

technically still applying something on

top of your skin that prevents your skin

from breathing and the best is to just

avoid wearing anything other than

sunscreen but I know how challenging it

is to fight the temptation to put the

foundation on your skin when your skin

looks red and textured so what I

typically do before going to work is I

would wear oil-free sunscreen from

differing which doesn't irritate my skin

and if I have some acne marks that I

really want to hide then I use this

Neutrogena skin clearing blemish

concealer as a spot concealer in order

to prevent any bacteria transferring to

my skin instead of using this sponge

applicator that comes with it I use a

disposable makeup sponge to apply

concealer on my skin and I try my best

to minimize the coverage of this

concealer over my skin and when I'm not

going to work I simply don't put

anything on my skin other than some

serums and moisturizer just nothing so

when you have lots of active acne try to

reduce social Gatherings that encourage

you to wear heavy makeup and keep your

skin as clean and unclogged as much as

possible here's another great tip for

you to reduce wearing makeup try to take

advantage of your hormonal cycle to

gradually transition to not wearing any

makeup so after my period ends I usually

have much cleaner skin without much

pimples until I enter my period per

cycle so I use that time to not put on

any makeup so I feel less insecure going

outside or going to work and that

duration of time without makeup will

maintain your skin to be healthier so

when you enter your period cycle you'd

only need to deal with much less pimples

and even then you would minimize wearing

makeup to conceal any blemishes this

really helped me slowly transition to

wearing less and less makeup which in a

long run along with all the other

efforts helped clearing my skin and the

last thing I want to mention is try not

to pop your zids and when you do only

pop the ones that are visibly ripe you

can tell it's ripe when you see this

white lump of p on the surface and if

you decide to get rid of it yourself

you'd want to make sure you use

sterilized Nole to poke it for drainage

and then use extraction tools or Q-tips

to squish it out and don't forget to use

an alcohol wipe to clean the surface of

your skin before you do that and after

that you want to wipe it again with

another alcohol wipe and cover it up

with spot patches I use this Care Plus

spot patch from ol of young which you

can get from Amazon as well I like this

because it makes your redness and acne

spot less visible while helping it to

heal after sucking out all the remaining

PS and preventing it from getting

external toxins or bacteria I know all

of these sound like a lot but if you're

already spending loads of money on

buying expensive products or going

through painful acne treatments then I

bet these will be worthwhile not only

for your skin but also for your overall

health and I suggest you to just think

of these efforts as self-care rather

than way to just tackle acne which you

want to do anyway for yourself and if

you're currently fighting acne and if

there's anything that you personally

found effective on clearing acne I would

love to hear your story so please drop

your comments below I hope this video

was helpful and if it was please like

And subscribe that will help a lot to

grow this channel so I can create more

useful content down the road thanks for

watching and I wish you the best glowing

skin soon see you later

[Music]

bye