Infant Developmental Milestones Mnemonic Pediatric Nursing NCLEX Review
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, Sarah, a registered nurse, discusses infant developmental milestones for children aged birth to one year, as part of an NCLEX review series on pediatric nursing. She uses the acronym 'BABIES' to cover body changes, achieving milestones, baby safety, interventions, eating plans, and social stimulation. Key points include fontanel closure, weight and length growth, teething, and motor and cognitive milestones at specific ages. Sarah also addresses safety concerns like SIDS, shaken baby syndrome, and choking hazards, emphasizing the importance of responsive care to build trust in infants.
Takeaways
- 👶 Infant Developmental Milestones: The script discusses the developmental stages of children from birth to one year old, focusing on categories remembered by the acronym 'BABIES'.
- 🔠 'B' stands for Body Changes: It includes fontanel closure, weight and length growth, and teething patterns.
- 🏆 'A' for Achieving Milestones: Motor and cognitive milestones are highlighted, with specific ages for when they should be achieved.
- 👼 Baby Safety: Covers important safety topics such as SIDS prevention, shaken baby syndrome, choking hazards, car seat safety, and burns prevention.
- 🍼 'I' for Interventions: Discusses nursing interventions, including responding to an infant's needs promptly to build trust.
- 🥗 'E' for Eating Plan: Breastfeeding is recommended as the gold standard for the first six months, with the introduction of solid foods afterward.
- 👫 'S' for Social Stimulation and Play: Describes the progression from observation to interaction in play, and the importance of independent play for infants.
- 📊 Weight Progression: Infants should double their birth weight by six months and triple it by one year.
- 📏 Length Progression: Infants should grow about half an inch to an inch every month.
- 🦷 Teething: The first teeth, lower central incisors, typically erupt around 10 months of age.
- 👶🏻 Motor Skills: Infants progress from head movement and tummy time at two months to sitting up unsupported and crawling at eight to nine months.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the video by Sarah, the registered nurse?
-The main focus of the video is to discuss infant developmental milestones, which is part of an NCLEX review series covering pediatric nursing.
How can viewers test their knowledge after watching the video?
-Viewers can access a free quiz that will test their knowledge on the material covered in the video.
What does the acronym 'BABIES' stand for in the context of infant development?
-In the context of infant development, 'BABIES' stands for Body changes, Achieving milestones, Baby safety, Interventions, Eating plan, and Social stimulation play.
When do the anterior and posterior fontanelles typically close in infants?
-The anterior fontanelle closes around 18 months of age, while the posterior fontanelle closes around 2 months of age.
What is the expected weight progression of an infant from birth to 12 months?
-By six months, an infant's weight should double from their birth weight, and by 12 months, it should triple.
How much should an infant weigh at six months if they were born weighing 8 pounds?
-At six months, the infant should weigh about 16 pounds, as their weight should double from birth.
What is the significance of the infant's ability to roll over in terms of safety?
-The ability to roll over signifies increased mobility and potential for falls, so parents need to be more aware and take safety precautions, such as stopping swaddling.
At what age do infants typically start to crawl and show signs of early walking?
-Infants typically start to crawl and show signs of early walking between eight to nine months of age.
What is the recommended sleep position for infants to reduce the risk of SIDS?
-The recommended sleep position for infants to reduce the risk of SIDS is on their back.
Why is it important for parents to avoid shaking a baby?
-It is important to avoid shaking a baby because their brain is fragile and shaking can cause the brain to rock back and forth inside the skull, potentially leading to traumatic brain injury or death.
What is the recommended feeding method for infants in the first six months according to the video?
-The video recommends exclusive breastfeeding as the gold standard for infants in the first six months.
What is the role of play in an infant's development and how does it change over time?
-Play is crucial for an infant's development as it helps them interact with their environment and develop motor skills. It starts with observation and progresses to interaction, with play activities changing from looking at faces and listening to sounds to more active play with toys and objects as they grow.
Outlines
👶 Infant Developmental Milestones Overview
Sarah, a registered nurse, introduces the topic of infant developmental milestones from birth to one year old, focusing on categories remembered by the acronym 'BABIES'. These include body changes, achieving milestones, baby safety, interventions, eating plans, and social stimulation. The video is part of an NCLEX review series for pediatric nursing and includes a quiz for viewers to test their knowledge. Key body changes discussed include fontanel closure, weight and length growth, and teething patterns.
🚼 Achieving Motor and Cognitive Milestones
This section delves into the specific motor and cognitive milestones infants should achieve monthly, emphasizing the importance for nursing exams. It covers early language development, smiling, head movement, and tummy time for two-month-olds. At four months, infants begin to play, babble, and show stranger anxiety. By six to nine months, they can sit unsupported, crawl, and use the pincer grasp. The summary also touches on the progression of play and the emergence of simple words and separation anxiety by 10 to 12 months.
🛡️ Essential Baby Safety Measures
The script addresses crucial baby safety topics, including SIDS prevention, shaken baby syndrome, choking hazards, car seat safety, burns prevention, and the risks associated with infant mobility such as rolling over. It advises on proper sleep positioning, avoiding smoking, removing unnecessary items from the sleep area, appropriate dressing, separate sleeping spaces for parents and infants, and the importance of CPR training. The paragraph also covers strategies to prevent choking on food and the dangers of electrical outlets and hot water.
🍼 Interventions and Feeding Guidelines
Nurses are advised on interventions for hospitalized infants, focusing on building trust during Erickson's 'trust versus mistrust' stage. The importance of prompt response to crying, soothing techniques, and maintaining the presence of a caregiver is highlighted. The recommended feeding plan includes exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, followed by the introduction of foods while continuing breastfeeding. Vitamin D supplementation and the avoidance of cow's milk and honey are also discussed. The paragraph concludes with the progression of play from observation to interaction, emphasizing the role of toys and activities in infant development.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Infant Developmental Milestones
💡NCLEX Review Series
💡Pediatric Nursing
💡FONTANELS
💡Weight and Length
💡Motor Milestones
💡Cognitive Milestones
💡Baby Safety
💡Interventions
💡Eating Plan
💡Social Stimulation
Highlights
Introduction to infant developmental milestones as part of an NCLEX review series for pediatric nursing.
The use of the acronym 'BABIES' to remember categories of infant development: Body changes, Achieving milestones, Baby safety, Interventions, Eating plan, and Social stimulation play.
Fontanel closure timeline with anterior fontanel closing at 18 months and posterior at 2 months.
Weight development milestones: Doubling birth weight by six months and tripling by 12 months.
Length growth expectation of half an inch to an inch per month.
Teeth development, with lower central incisors appearing around 10 months of age.
Motor and cognitive milestones for infants at 2, 4, 6, 8-9, and 10-12 months.
Importance of tummy time for motor skill development in infants.
Safety considerations when infants start rolling over, including cessation of swaddling.
Development of stranger and separation anxiety in infants and their implications for care.
Infant feeding guidelines, emphasizing exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months.
The necessity of vitamin D supplementation for exclusively breastfed infants.
Avoidance of cow's milk and honey in the first 12 months of an infant's life.
Play development from observation to interaction as infants grow.
Importance of responding promptly to an infant's cry to build trust.
Strategies to soothe infants, including rocking, swaddling, holding, and offering the ability to suck.
Prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) with recommended sleep positions and precautions.
Education on avoiding Shaken Baby Syndrome and its severe consequences.
Safety measures against choking hazards and the importance of CPR training for parents.
Car seat safety guidelines, emphasizing rear-facing seats for infants.
Prevention of burns and scalding by managing hot surfaces, electrical outlets, and water temperatures.
The progression of play from mirror gazing to object manipulation as the infant reaches one year.
Transcripts
hey everyone it's sarah register nurse
rn.com and in this video i'm going to be
going over
infant developmental milestones and this
video is part of an nclex review series
covering pediatric nursing
and as always whenever we get done
watching this review video you can
access the free quiz that will test you
on this material
so let's get started when we're talking
about infant developmental milestones
we're talking about children from the
age of
birth to one year now whenever you're
studying these developmental milestones
there is specific
categories that you want to know for
your exams
so to help us remember those categories
for the infant
we're going to remember the word babies
because we're dealing with babies here
so b is going to stand for body changes
all the body changes that are going to
occur in that infant that you want to
know for exams and then
a is for achieving milestones
specifically we're talking about
motor and cognitive milestones and we're
talking about the specific months when
they should hit those milestones
then the other b is for baby safety
i is for interventions that you want to
consider as a nurse whenever you're
providing care to that infant
e is for the eating plan and then s is
for social stimulation play
so first let's talk about body changes
okay big thing you want to know about
these
infants is when those font nails are
going to close
we have an anterior font now and we have
a posterior font nail
if you feel on a baby's head you can
feel
the area where these font nails are they
feel squishy and soft
so the anterior font nail it closes at
about 18 months of
age the posterior closes around two
months of age
so as a nurse whenever you're assessing
that infant you're going to see if those
font nails have
clothes also you want to know about
weight and length okay what about
weight well you want to know how much
they should weigh as time goes on
so remember this at about six months
their weight should double from their
birth weight
at 12 months that weight should be
tripled compared to their birth weight
so let's do a little quiz if the baby
was born and they weighed eight pounds
how much should they weigh
at six months well their weight should
double so eight plus eight
is sixteen so about six months they
should be about 16 pounds
well how much should they weigh at a
year 12 months
well that weight should triple from that
birth weight
so they should weigh about 24 pounds
now let's look at their length generally
their length they should be
growing about a half inch to an inch
every month so let's say our baby when
they were born
they were 21 inches how much how long
should they be
at six months well if you apply this
little rule
they should be anywhere between 24 to 27
inches long then you want to look at
teeth
their mouth is going to start changing
so usually the first
teeth to pop up will be those lower
central
incisors and these are found at in the
bottom
gum line in the middle hence why we call
them the central
and they they tend to erupt in most
babies around 10 months of age
some some get them a little bit sooner
now
whenever we talk about the preschool or
school-aged
child they will actually lose these
central incisors
and they tend to lose those around six
to seven years old and actually my son
has just lost
his central incisors next is a for
achieving
milestones so we're looking at specific
months when they should be hitting
certain milestones
and as we go through these milestones
i'm going to try to point out the ones
that tess
love to ask you about so whenever you
are assessing an
infant every like well visit they come
in or whenever you're providing care to
them you're going to look at their age
and you're going to ask yourself okay
are they doing what they should be doing
at this age for instance if they're two
months old
the baby should be doing these if
they're four months old they should
be doing these so those so that's why
it's really important we know
these developmental milestones so at two
months an infant should be doing the
following they should be moving their
head
from side to side they should be able
with their eyes to track people's faces
so
follow the face or an object they will
be
starting early language like they will
be making verbal noises like those coup
sounds a big thing that i personally
love
is they should be smiling by this age
so you'll see that also they should be
able to hold their head up
when they're on their stomach so tummy
time is very important for these little
infants so they can start
getting those motor skills now at four
months what should they be able to do
well this is when the baby
actually starts to enjoy play especially
with the parents now this is just very
early
play also their cooing that they did
over here at two months is actually
going to transition
into babbling and they may start copying
noises that the pain
that the parent makes also they will
hold
toys maybe like a rattle and they will
start to reach for things so that's when
things start getting fun when they start
to reach for
stuff also they have the ability to
start remembering
faces and certain objects and this is
another
big milestone that they do over here
that you want to remember this is when
they start to roll
over so some things whenever we're
talking about safety
whenever they start rolling over a
parent needs to definitely
be more aware of baby because instead of
baby just laying there
chilling now they can flip over and they
can potentially fall
also swaddling whenever you wrap the
baby in that burrito
type thing with the blanket that's when
you want to stop swaddling is whenever
they can start rolling over
next is six months so at six months the
infant should be able to set
up with support they will start to have
stranger anxieties so whenever people
come around them that they're not
familiar with
they will not like that and they will
display that in their face
and they may even cry and they won't
want to go to that stranger
also the babbling that they had before
at four months is
starting to progress where they're gonna
have early vowel sounds
in that babbling also they'll be able to
recognize
and respond to their name which is
always so fun whenever they
start to understand what their name is
and
they will start to have fun looking at
themselves in
the mirror so that's a little bit of
play that they can do around this time
then at eight to nine months they can
actually start to sit up
without support so over here they need
support but over here they don't need
that support they can actually set up
and hold their own
also they start to crawl at this age
and they may start to stand by pulling
up
on an object and actually holding on to
the object while they're standing this
is the beginning
of walking which they'll start doing a
little bit later on
also a big thing that you want to
remember in this age category
is that they start to use the pincer
grass
now what is that well this is where they
use their thumb
and their index finger and they will go
and pick up little small
objects like cheerios or something like
that
also this is where they start to move
objects from hand to hand so you may be
able to give them a little block
and they can switch it from a hand to
hand and they start to have
object permanence now what is this well
this is where they finally realize that
when something
disappears it still exists
so this is where you can start getting a
little more creative with play
you can hide objects and they can try to
look for them because they know that
they still
exist or you can play peekaboo and they
will start to enjoy that
and lastly we have 10 to 12 months so
what should this child be doing by their
first birthday
well they should begin walking this is a
huge milestone so they went from
crawling
to now walking they will be able to do
this by either holding the parent's hand
and they will be able to take steps some
children can actually
walk on their own without their parents
help but it really depends on the infant
and this is really the beginning stages
of it they're not masters either they're
going to trip they're going to stumble
and they're going to fall
also they should be able to follow very
simple commands like if you tell them no
they'll know they shouldn't do that also
if you tell them to wave by a lot of
children they can wave by
so just very simple things also they
should be able to take objects and put
them inside of a container
or they can take the objects and bang
them together
so notice as we progress with age
play has changed they went from liking
to look at themselves in the mirror
from playing peek-a-boo to now taking
objects and putting them in containers
so whenever you're looking on exams and
they're asking okay you have a
hospitalized
infant what's an appropriate play
situation you can do with this infant
you'll want to know
what you can do also they should be able
to say simple words like
mama or da dab and this is when
separation anxiety happens so this is
when
the caretaker the main caretaker like
the mom or the dad
is removed from the site of that infant
that infant freaks out does not like it
will cry
until they can see their caregiver again
so again you want to keep that in mind
as the nurse that this starts around
this age
next is b for baby safety now there are
some specific topics that you want to
know for
exams about baby safety that you're
going to educate the parent about that
you really have to watch out with these
infants so first is sids this stands for
sudden infant death syndrome now what is
this well this is where
a healthy infant under the age of one
dies usually in its sleep for some
unexplained reason they're not totally
sure but they know that if you do some
preventative measures that
that helps decrease the risk so you want
to teach the parent the following things
number one
the best sleep position the best sleep
position for an infant
is on their back not their side not
their tummy but their back
second you want to educate them the
importance of
avoiding smoking around that infant
because that can irritate the
respiratory system
third you want to educate them about
removing extra
items from the like blankets
toys because that can smother the baby's
face
also the importance of not over dressing
the infant when
it sleeps we don't want them to get
really hot and um
sweat that can increase the risk of sids
and then lastly
the importance of making sure that the
parent doesn't
sleep in the same bed as the infant they
can sleep in the same room that's
totally fine
but have the infant's own place where
they can sleep
the next topic you want to educate the
parent about is about shaken baby
syndrome this is where you want to
stress to the parent that they never
want to shake a baby
because a baby's brain is very fragile
inside of their skull and if a baby is
shaken
that brain in a sense will just rock
back and forth up against the front and
the back of the skull
and can cause a traumatic brain injury
which can lead to a severe disability
or even death so you know caring for an
infant can be stressful so you want to
tell the parent you know if you're going
through one of those stressful times
lay the baby down make sure they're safe
and just take a break for a second
and you want to stress to never ever
ever
do this another topic you want to talk
about is
choking from birth to one they are
definitely at risk for choking whenever
they're born they're at risk for choking
on breast milk mucus that gets built up
in their respiratory system you need to
teach them
how to suction that out with those
little bulb suctions
cpr recommend that they take a cpr class
and then as
they get older and progress there's a
risk of them choking on foods because
around six months of age that's when you
start introducing foods
so you want to tell them to avoid giving
them small round
little foods like grapes uncooked
vegetables popcorn because the infant
can get choked on that
then we have car seat safety where is
the best place for an infant to be
whenever they're riding in the car well
in that back
seat and you want to put them in a car
seat that is rear-facing
so in a sense they're like backwards in
the car and that is where they want to
be they don't want to be in the front
and they don't need forward facing that
comes
a little bit later and then burns burns
becomes a big issue especially when that
infant
starts becoming more mobile where
they're starting to reach for things
because that starts around four to six
months and they get really good at it
so you want to make sure that they're
not close to a stove while you're
cooking
and watch those electrical outlets also
the water
some water heaters can get really hot so
you want to make sure that you have it
on an appropriate temperature
so the infant doesn't turn on the water
and scald themselves
and then we have the whole rolling over
issue so here's your baby it's born they
normally just lay there they don't
really move except their arms and then
all of a sudden around the four-month
mark they will start
rolling over it's exciting but this is a
time
when that baby's starting to become more
mobile and they can get hurt so you want
to teach the parent that this starts
happening
you want to make sure that they're
always in a safe spot
that they're not going to roll off and
hurt themselves and again as i pointed
out earlier
this is the time when you would want to
stop swaddling them because when you
swaddle them
you put them on their back but if
they're starting to roll over in the
middle of the night they could roll over
they could get their face
on the mattress and couldn't be able to
breathe next is
eye for interventions that the nurse
wants to consider
whenever this infant is hospitalized so
infants whenever we look at erickson's
stage of development
they are in the trust versus mistrust
stage
so i would commit that to memory and in
a nutshell what that means
is that that infant is building trust so
building trust with our caregiver that
their needs are going to be met
so as a nurse we need to help the infant
in this stage and meet those
so what can we do well an infant how do
they tell you that they need something
they
cry so it's your job to figure out
what's wrong do they need a diaper
change are they hungry are they in pain
they have gas what's going on
so you're going to respond differently
to a younger infant compared to an
older infant so to help build this
trust whenever they cry you want to
respond to that promptly and investigate
what's going on
and you want to sue them so for the
younger
infant how a young baby is soothed is
that
you rock them you swaddle them you hold
them
or you give them the ability to suck all
those things are going to help soothe
them and calm
them down now with the older infant
you're going to look at some other
things that could be causing their crime
to help keep them calm
and build that trust because remember as
they got older
they started experiencing stranger
anxiety separation
anxiety so for separation anxiety what
can we do help keep that parent there
their caregiver there
so it keeps the infant calm like
whenever we're assessing them or
something keep
the infant on the parent while we assess
that'll help calm them a little bit
also with stranger anxiety how can we
help with that
well this infant starts to recognize hey
i don't know you and i
don't trust you but to help with that
nursing the same nursing staff can be
scheduled to provide care
to that infant and also play is
starts to become really important as
this infant gets older
so um depending on their age you want to
implement certain play strategies with
them give them time out of that crib out
of that bed
to play then we have e for eating plan
how's this
infant supposed to eat well
breastfeeding is gold standard that's
the absolute best for an
infant and you want to educate the
mother about that
so the first six months that's all that
infant needs they don't need
any extra fluids or food just the first
six months
exclusively breastfeed and then after
those six months continue breastfeeding
but you can start implementing food over
time now the american academy of
pediatrics
recommends if an infant is exclusively
breastfed that's all they have they
don't have a formula or anything
that they should be supplemented with
vitamin d 400
international units on top of their
breast milk to help with those levels
now if they can't breastfeed the next
best is
formula that has iron in it and
some things that you definitely want to
tell them to avoid during those
first 12 months of life is that they
don't need any cow's milk
or honey and lastly s for social
stimulation so we're talking about play
now infants aren't big about playing
with other children of course they're
just not
there yet they're more of independent
players so they do what's called
independent play
now it starts out with observation
during the
birth to first four months of life and
then it progresses to interaction where
they want to interact with their
environment
so with observation during that birth to
four months what can you do
to play with them well you can just be
there with them because they
love to look at faces and they also love
to look at high contrast
items also they love the sound of voices
so being sung to
talk to that is how they play and then
after four months they start to break
out of that
and they start to interact with their
environment so this is where toys start
coming in handy like
letting them hold rattles hearing that
shake of that rattle and moving that
um blocks hitting the blocks together
putting them in
a bucket and just hearing that noise and
hitting them together and then the push
toys
that you can buy because remember they
like to pull up and stand and push and
that's going to help
build those muscles and that body up as
they progress for whenever they start
walking
and they love again hiding objects
playing peek-a-boo
okay so that wraps up this review over
infant developmental milestones and
don't forget to check out the other
videos
in this series and to access the free
quiz which will test you over this
content
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