Naxalism & Maoism in India Explained | History of Left Wing Extremism & Red Corridor | Perspective
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the history and evolution of left-wing extremism in India, particularly Naxalism, tracing its roots to Marxist theory and its manifestations through phases from 1967 to the present. It highlights the government's strategic measures, such as the Samadhan Doctrine and initiatives like the Aspirational District Program, in combating this menace, resulting in a significant decline in Naxal-related violence. The speaker emphasizes the need to address the root causes of alienation to prevent support for such extremism and suggests institutional strengthening, ideological counteraction, and rehabilitation as the way forward.
Takeaways
- 🔍 The script discusses the recent killing of 29 Maoist leaders in the K District of Bastar division in Chhattisgarh, India, in April 2024, including top commanders, indicating a significant police encounter.
- 📊 There has been a 70% decline in Maoist-related cases and a 75% decrease in related deaths from 2013 to 2022, showcasing the Indian government's success in tackling left-wing extremism.
- 🌟 The script traces the origins of left-wing extremism back to the philosophies of Karl Marx, with his theories on class struggle and the need for an armed revolution to establish communism.
- 📚 It outlines the three key pillars necessary for a revolution to start and sustain: ideological base, people's support, and prominent leadership, which have been present in the spread of Naxalism in India.
- 📉 The script divides the spread of left-wing extremism in India into three phases: 1967-1973, 1970s-late 1990s, and 2004 to the present, each with distinct characteristics and developments.
- 🛑 The first phase of Naxalism began with class conflicts in Naxalbari, West Bengal, under the leadership of Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal, and others, leading to violent agitations and the spread of Naxalism.
- 🚨 The second phase saw the spread of Naxalism across India, with the formation of the People's War Group (PWG) by Kapi Lalita, and the establishment of countermeasures like the Greyhound force in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
- 🔥 The third phase, from 2004 onwards, marked the formation of the CPI (Maoist) and an increase in violent incidents, with the government acknowledging Naxalism as a significant internal security threat.
- 🏛️ The script highlights the 'Sama-dan' doctrine, which includes strategies like smart leadership, aggressive strategy, motivation, actionable intelligence, and technology harnessing to counter Naxalism.
- 🏫 The establishment of residential model schools and initiatives like the Aspirational District Program are part of the measures taken to uplift the socio-economic status of regions affected by Naxalism.
- 🛡️ The way forward to end Naxalism involves addressing the root causes of alienation, strengthening institutions, providing a counter-ideology, and rehabilitation of those who have been part of Naxalite groups.
Q & A
What significant event occurred in the K District of Busta division in Chhattis Gad in April 2024?
-At least 29 Maoist leaders were killed in a police encounter in the K District of Busta division in Chhattis Gad in April 2024, including top commanders.
Who was the senior rebel leader Shankar ra, and what was notable about him?
-Shankar ra was a senior rebel leader who was killed in the encounter. He had a bounty of 25 lakh on his head, indicating his importance within the Maoist ranks.
What is the significance of the 70% decline in Naxal-related cases from 2013 to 2022?
-The 70% decline in Naxal-related cases signifies a remarkable achievement by the Indian government in tackling left-wing extremism and insurgency, demonstrating effective counter-insurgency strategies and measures.
What are the three key pillars necessary for a revolution to start or sustain?
-The three key pillars necessary for a revolution are an ideological base, people's support, and prominent leadership. These elements provide direction, popular backing, and guidance for the revolution.
How did the philosophy of Karl Marx influence the development of left-wing extremism and Naxalism in India?
-Karl Marx's philosophy of class struggle and the need for an armed revolution to overthrow the capitalist class influenced the development of left-wing extremism and Naxalism in India. It provided the ideological foundation for movements that sought to challenge the existing social and economic order.
What was the first phase of Naxalism in India, and what were its key events?
-The first phase of Naxalism in India was from 1967 to 1973. It began with a class conflict in Naxalbari, West Bengal, under the leadership of Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal, and others, and was characterized by violent agitations against landlords, moneylenders, and authorities.
What is the 'Red Corridor', and how is it related to Naxalism in India?
-The 'Red Corridor' refers to the area infested by Naxalite activities, particularly in the forest belts of states like Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh. It represents regions where Naxalites have a strong presence and have been able to spread their influence.
What were the major causes that contributed to the spread of Naxalism in India?
-The major causes contributing to the spread of Naxalism in India include tribal discontent due to displacement and marginalization, administrative vacuum and governance issues, and economic factors such as unemployment, poverty, and underdevelopment.
What steps have been taken by the Indian government to counter Naxalism in the last decade?
-The Indian government has taken several steps to counter Naxalism, including the National Policy and Action Plan by the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Aspirational Districts Program, the Samadhan Doctrine, and initiatives like the Salwa Judum in Chhattisgarh to involve local tribal groups in counter-insurgency.
Why has Naxalism not ended in India despite the government's efforts, and what should be the way forward?
-Naxalism has not ended in India because of the deep-rooted issues of alienation and marginalization among certain sections of the population. The way forward involves addressing these root causes by strengthening institutions, providing a counter-ideology to Naxalism, and focusing on rehabilitation and skill development for those who have been part of Naxalite groups.
Outlines
🔍 Overview of Maoist Violence and Government Response
At least 29 Maoist leaders were killed in Chhattisgarh's Busta division in April 2024, including top commanders and a senior rebel leader with a bounty on his head. The Border Security Forces reported the encounter, highlighting a significant decline in Maoist-related cases and deaths from 2013 to 2022 due to government efforts. The session aims to explore the origins, timeline, and control measures of left-wing extremism and Naxalism in India, tracing back to the philosophies of socialism and communism, and the armed revolutions led by Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, and Mao Zedong.
📜 Historical Background of Left-Wing Extremism in India
Prominent leaders during India's independence struggle, such as Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose, supported socialism but not communism. The Communist Party of India was formed in 1925. The spread of left-wing extremism in India can be divided into three phases: 1967-1973, 1970s to late 1990s, and 2004 to the present. The first phase saw the roots of Naxalism in West Bengal, the second phase witnessed its spread across India, and the third phase saw the formation of CPI Maoist in 2004, leading to increased violence and the government's countermeasures.
⚖️ Social and Economic Issues Fueling Naxalism
Key issues like reservation, Ram Janmabhoomi, and LPG reforms in the 1970s to 1990s led to alienation and support for Naxalism among tribal populations. As Naxalism spread, internal issues among the Naxals regarding land distribution, leadership, and ideological shifts emerged. The third phase (2004-present) saw the formation of CPI Maoist, which became a strong and systematic organization using guerrilla warfare. This phase marked the worst period of Naxal-related violence, with the government intensifying its countermeasures.
🏞️ Causes of Naxalism's Persistence
Naxalism persists due to issues like tribal discontent from frequent displacements, poor socioeconomic conditions, and governance issues like corruption and unequal resource distribution. Economic problems such as unemployment, poverty, and lack of infrastructure also contribute. The absence of coordination among state and central police forces has allowed Naxalism to exploit these weaknesses. The government has taken various measures over the past decade to address these root causes and control left-wing extremism.
🛠️ Government Strategies and Way Forward
Efforts to counter Naxalism include strengthening police and armed forces, providing ideological alternatives, and implementing administrative and economic reforms. Key initiatives include the Ministry of Home Affairs' National Policy and Action Plan, the aspirational District program, and the Samadhan Doctrine. Innovative practices like Chhattisgarh's Salwa Judum have also been implemented. The way forward involves addressing the root causes of alienation by involving marginalized sections in the mainstream, strengthening institutions, providing counter-ideologies, and rehabilitating former Naxals.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Maoists
💡Left-wing Extremism
💡Naxalism
💡Class Struggle
💡Russian Revolution
💡Chinese Revolution
💡Ideological Base
💡People's War Group (PWG)
💡Red Corridor
💡Samadan Doctrine
💡Salwa Judum
Highlights
29 Maoist leaders, including top commanders, were killed in an encounter in the K District of Bastar division in Chhattisgarh in April 2024.
The Ministry of Home Affairs reported a 70% decline in Naxal-related cases and a 75% reduction in related deaths between 2013 and 2022.
The discussion explores the origins and development of left-wing extremism and Naxalism in India, tracing back to the philosophies of Karl Marx.
The speaker explains the concept of class struggle and armed revolution as proposed by Karl Marx.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Chinese Revolution of 1949 are cited as significant applications of socialist and communist philosophies.
The genesis of Maoism is discussed, highlighting its divergence from classical Marxism.
The three key pillars necessary for a revolution to start and sustain are identified as ideological base, people's support, and prominent leadership.
The first phase of Naxalism in India (1967-1973) is marked by the Naxalbari uprising and the formation of CPI(ML).
Operation Steeplechase was launched by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1971 to counter the spread of Naxalism.
The second phase of Naxalism (1970s to late 1990s) saw its spread across India, with the emergence of the People's War Group (PWG).
The concept of the 'Red Corridor' is introduced, describing areas heavily infested by Naxalite activities.
The 'Triple Junction Theory' explains the ideal conditions for Naxalite growth, including interstate boundaries, difficult terrain, and a simple tribal population.
The third phase of Naxalism (2004-present) is characterized by the formation of the CPI(Maoist) and increased violence.
The government's proactive measures since 2010 have led to a significant reduction in Naxal-related violence.
The 'Samadan' doctrine is highlighted as a key strategy in combating Naxalism, emphasizing smart leadership, aggressive strategy, and actionable intelligence.
The 'Salwa Judum' initiative by the Chhattisgarh government is mentioned as an innovative practice to counter Naxal-related violence.
The way forward to end Naxalism involves addressing the root causes of alienation and integrating marginalized sections into the mainstream.
Transcripts
at least 29 ma leaders were killed in
the K District of Busta division in
chhattis Gad on April of 2024 ma
terrorists have been killed in chattis
gar 29 of them have been killed in the
conquer District including top
commanders let's go straight across to
arunima for more onar where there's been
a major knel encounter 29 knels have
been killed in bster news now from
chatis gar with 29 am including a senior
Rebel leader Shankar ra who had a bounty
of 25 lakh on his head were killed
underway in India Central State of
chatis gar at least 29 maoists have been
killed in a police encounter the border
security forces say the encounter took
place in chatis gard's conquered now the
recent data released by the ministry of
Home Affairs have suggested that there
has been a 70% decline in the knell
related cases from 2013 to 2022 and also
deaths related to knell related cases
have been down by
75% now this has been a remarkable feed
achieved by the government of India in
tackling this Menace of leftwing
extremism and that of n ISM now hearing
all of these things a lot of questions
might come up in your mind that what is
leftwing extremism what is this nalism
or what is this term known as MSM and
where all these things originated what
is the Genesis of this what is the
timeline of it what is the trajectory of
this and how the government has been
able to control leftwing extremism in
India all these questions we'll be
trying to answer in this particular
session hello my name is pritpal Singh
and today's topic is nalism and
left-wing extremism in India now in
order to understand this leftwing
extremism and naxalism in India we have
to trace back to the socialism and
communism philosophy which was given now
for that we have to understand a very
prominent German intellectual 19th
century German intellectual known as
scarl marks a very popular figure and a
very prominent personality now KL Marx
in his works of Das capital and
Communist Manifesto talks about theory
of class struggle now in this philosophy
given by KL Marx that is socialism and
communism philosophy KL Marx says that
capitalist Society is divided basically
into two groups one he calls them as
halves and one he calls them as hav kns
so halves are the capitalists in the
society and hav Nots is the proletariat
class the most marginalized section
which is exploited by The Haves and the
solution of this problem in the
capitalist Society is given by KL Marx
and he talks about armed Revolution
where the havs will come into a armed
Revolution and will topple the halves of
the society and will take self-rule and
that is nothing but we call as what we
call as communism right so this is where
all this political philosophy came into
being and after that we will see a lot
of application of this philosophy first
application could be seen in 1917 when
Russian Revolution takes place now very
prominent figure that is Wladimir Lenin
will lead this Russian Revolution and we
will see that the workers and peasons
would be combined and an armed struggle
would be taking place and a socialist
form of government will be adopted in
Russia and monaki will be abolished a
second application of this could be seen
in
1949 when Chinese Revolution will take
place under the leadership of ma zong
again a very popular figure in the
history of whole world now this is where
the Genesis of maoism will start because
ma zong will use the philosophy of KL
Marx but will tilt it in its own way and
that is where the maoism philosophy will
begin so he will use the workers and
peasant to topple the government and
establish People's Republic of China so
here again in this revolution we will
see the philosophy of KL Mars taking its
course and this is where left-wing
ideology and leftwing extremism will
start in the entire world now since we
have understood all of these things we
have to talk about left-wing extremism
in India and how it manifested in India
now before that one thing which I want
to make very very clear is that how a
revolution Starts Now for any Revolution
to start or for any Revolution to
sustain there are three important key
pillars which are required first is that
of ideological base without ideological
basee a revolution can never manifest so
one thing is ideological base which is
very very important second pillar is the
CER support So people's support is very
essential for revolution to sustain or
any philosophy to sustain and third is
prominent leadership prominent
leadership again gives a way to the
Carter shows the way to the Carter so
ideology Carter support and Leadership
if all these three things are present a
revolution can manifest in its own way
and a revolution could sustain even for
many many years for many many decades
since naxalism has been sustaining in
India since more than last 50 years
these three things are prominent in
nalism that is why it has been
successful to sustain itself in our
country now since we we are clear with
this we have to start with the leftwing
extremism in India now socialism as a
philosophy has been prominent in India
even during our independence struggle so
prominent leaders like Pandit jawah Neu
or subash Chandra BOS they were very
much inclined towards the socialism
philosophy
but mind you they were not inclined
towards the communism philosophy they
were inclined towards socialistic
ideology right and even Mahatma Gandhi
is talked about supporting the socialism
ideology in our country right but this
is not all because 1925 Communist Party
of India will be formed of course during
that period of time Indian National
Congress was the most prominent
political party in the whole whole
country but CPI will start working in
India from 1925 onwards and with this
base in mind now let us understand how
left wi extremism manifested or started
in India in different phases now to
understand it even better we have
divided the spread of leftwing extremism
in three different phases now of course
government of India has not given the
list of these three phases but for our
academic understanding academically we
have divided under three different
phases first phase is from 1967 to 1973
and first phase is the very prominent
one because this is where the nalism
route will be laid in our country and
this is where the nalism will start in
our country so in 19 67 a class conflict
will start against the money lenders
against the landlords against the
policemen and businessmen in a very
prominent place that's that is nalbari
which is there in Siliguri District of
darjeling West Bengal so this is where a
class conflict will start under the
leadership of Chu majumdar kanu sanyal
and jungle SEL and also what we will see
is that class conflict along with a lot
of violent agitations will begin in the
nalbari region of West Bengal and
eventually we will see the spread of
nalism will start from here because this
violent clashes they started in the
nelbar region we term this problem as
nalism because eventually from nalbari
region it spread to the entire country
that is why we call it as nalism but
what will happen 1971 in 1971 our then
prime minister indraa Gandhi will launch
operation SLE Chase again to reduce this
manifestation of nism which has started
in our country and during the same
period of time you will see the
emergence of cpim now cpim will form all
India Coordination Committee for
communist revolutionaries now this will
act as a pressure group for the support
of knels in our country and also during
the same period of time you will see the
emergence of cpim ml that is Communist
Party of India Marxist leninist which
will be started by Chu majumdar and kanu
sanal together right so this is the
first phase where nalism began it's
spread in the entire country it started
in West Bengal eventually in the
surrounding region regions we we will
see the spread of nalism taking place
and this is the first phase of 1967 to
1973 now in the first phase itself Chu
majumdar a very prominent leader will
die in police custody now in 1970s and
late 1990s till that we will see the
spread of second phase of naxalism so
first phase from 1967 to 1973 second
phase from 1970s to late 1990s we could
see now in that second phase nalism will
spread throughout India except the
Western parts of our country and in this
period when we see a leadership vacuum
taking place another leader will emerge
known as kapali sitaramayya and in April
of 1980 a people's War group that is pwg
will be founded by kapali sitar rayya
and they will start attacking the police
now the counter to that will be the
formation of a special task force known
as Greyhound which will act as a
anti-elite elite Commander unit which
will be formed by the then wangal IPS
officer known as KS weas and eventually
you will see that in the States of of
Andra Pradesh and Telangana the current
Telangana there will be reduction in the
knell related violence through poce
modernization through proactive
counterinsurgency measures taken by the
state police and of course by the
central government as well and they will
be able to minimize the knell presence
in the region now since we have
understood this there is a triple
Junction Theory which does the rounds in
a lot of academic journals right this
triple Junction Theory talks about how
knels are able to spread themselves in
different regions now there are three
characteristics SS of a fertile land for
knels now a land or a piece of piece of
land which is Interstate boundary and
which is a difficult terrain and which
is having simple tribal population if
these three things are present in a
particular region it becomes the
breeding ground for nalism and is the
most fertile land for spread of nism and
the counter to this is the combat tactic
of gorilla Warfare which a lot of state
police forces have been inculcating and
have been implementing now you must have
heard of this term known as red Now red
Corridor is nothing but the area
Infested by this nalism related
activities in the second phase we are
talking about the spread of nalism in
the entire country but what we need to
understand is that what were the issues
of the people because of which they were
supporting the Nels because Nels were
gathering a huge support from the tribal
population of these regions now what was
the reason or what were the issues
prevailing in those reasons which were
forcing the tribales to go towards
nalism and to have a bent towards nalism
right the first issue was start of
reservation in the same period in 1970s
' 80s and '90s reservation issue was
very very prominent second issue which
was very prominent was of ram janabi
third issue was that of LPG reforms now
because of these issues certain sections
of population in different states of our
country they were agitated right and
certain sections they felt marginalized
and alienated now that alienation was
the breeding ground of naxalism now Nels
were able to spread in those areas where
people were feeling alienated and they
were able to hire them into their groups
and they were able to make them or
transform them into knels so from tribal
population people transformed from being
tribals to knels because of these
particular issues in 1970s till 1990s
which were very prominent now eventually
when this second phase will start to die
down we will see a lot of internal
problems and internal issues beginning
to start between the knels themselves so
these internal issues were in relation
to land distribution in relation to the
leadership question in in relation to
the ideological shift as well and
because because of these issues we will
see the third phase that is from 2004
till present now in the third phase in
2004 we will see a grand meeting
organized by the different factions and
different groups of knels and they will
form a new grouping or they will form a
new organization which they called as
CPI maist that is Communist Party of
India maist now this became this
particular organization became very very
strong because a lot of small factions
they came they joined together and
formed this unit or formed this or
organization of course in 2009 the CPI
omist was listed as a terrorist
organization under uapa so this is a
banned organization in India that is CPI
mest now it has been functioning through
gorilla Warfare and they have been very
active in the forest belts of that of
chattis GAD Bihar jarand Maharashtra
odisha Andhra Pradesh and several other
states as well and this region this
region is what we call as red Corridor
where the knels have infested themselves
and manifested themselves and have
increased their spread now in the third
phase we are seeing that the knels are
having cers as well the knels are having
resources and their ideology has also
become very very strong the knels are
very strategic and systematic in their
approach the knels have been indulged in
a lot of cases a lot of violent cases
against the police officers against the
politicians and a lot of deaths are
taking place in this particular third
phase where the knels have become very
very strong that is why from 2004 to
2010 you will see a lot of deaths
related to nuel related violence
and this is the worst phase in the
entire nuel related incidents from 1967
till now this 2004 to 2010 has been the
worst phase of nalism in our country and
during the same period of time our
former prime minister Dr Manmohan Singh
said that nalism is the single largest
internal security problem in our country
problems of terrorism and leftwing
extremism constitute two major
challenges that our society and po face
today this is because from 2004 to 2010
a lot of deaths happened due to nalism
we will see nalism being spread in 18
states 218 districts and expanse of
nalism increased and increased and they
will also start moving towards western
region in this particular era but 2010
onwards we have been seeing a lot of
proactive measures taken by the
government of India and a lot of State
polies as well to counter this nxl
related violence and nxl related
incidents after that that is why we see
from 2012 till 2022 there have been
reduction in the cases related to nalism
in our country of course a lot of
actions have been taken by the state
police a lot of action has been taken by
the central government and a lot of
action has been taken by the state
governments as well what are these
actions we'll learn about them in a
while but first of all we have to
understand about the major causes
because of which naxalism was able to
spread this much in our country now the
causes can be divided amongst three
different reasons that is water forest
and land so these three reasons are very
prominent because people tribal people
in our country in many of the regions
they were deprived and marginalized in
these three areas that is jel Jungle
zamine the their rights in relation to
these three things were snatched or they
were not getting rightful ownership of
these three things that is why they were
supporting knels because they thought
that knels are taking up our demand and
they'll be able to give us rights to our
resources now let us understand all the
causes one by one first cause is that of
tribal discontent now because of
frequent displacements of the tribals
because of low socioeconomic indicators
because of poor amenities because of
deprivation in relation to culture and
economic aspect as well tribals have
been feeling alienated now if the
tribals are feeling alienated of course
they will support knels because they
will feel that Nels are taking up their
issue and Nels are voicing their
concerns as well that is why tribals
will shift towards nalism also second
prominent issue is in relation to
administrative vacuum and governance
related issues now because of no
electricity no water lack of livelihood
poor healthcare because of these C many
of the reasons and administrative vacuum
in these many of the regions because of
this the tribals and the population have
shifted their support to knels and a lot
of governance related issues like
corruption unequal resource distribution
and Injustice have also played its own
role and the third issue is that of
economic cause so economic issues like
unemployment poverty inequality
reduction in infrastructure no
livelihood underdevelopment has been
very very prominent in manifestation of
naxalism in several regions of our
country also there have been several
reasons in relation to the coordination
as well so lack of coordination amongst
State Police and the central government
Interstate police coordination have been
lacking because of these reasons as well
because of lacunas nalism have been able
to use these lacunas to their own
Advantage because of this nalism has
spread in our country but what is very
important for us to understand is that
in the last 10 years what has been the
steps which have been taken by the
central government and the state
government because of which we have been
able to control leftwing extremism
because of which we have been able to
control nalism in our country now the
reasons for decline of nalism can be
divided into three different pillars
first pillar is that of institutional
strength of our police forces and Armed
Forces second pillar is that of
ideological counter so providing a
ideological counter to the ideology of
naxalism or the ideology of leftwing
extremism and third is the
administrative governance and economic
reform reforms initiated by both central
government and state governments as well
so on these three pillars the reforms
are taking place now the first measure
is the ministry of Home Affairs National
policy and action plan which have been
working since 2015 again to counter
leftwing extremism there have been a
initiative of aspirational District
program again to incentivize districts
again to transform districts in our
country the most prominent Doctrine is
the samadan doctrine towards which the
government is working now samadan
Doctrine is very prominent s stands for
smart leadership a stands for aggressive
strategy m stands for motivation and
training a stands for actionable
intelligence d stands for dashboard
based key performance indicators H
stands for harnessing technology a again
stands for action plan for each theater
and n stands for no access to financing
now combining all these things if the
state government and the central
government take decisions and take
certain actions remedial steps
definitely we will be able to counter
nalism and this strategy have been
working since last many many years and
that is why we have we have been
successful in countering nalism to a
very large extent also eav residential
model schools have also played a very
important important role in uplifting
the social economic St status of the
regions which have been manifested or
Infested by nalism now one Innovative
practice could be seen by that of
chhattisghar government so in 2005
chattis Gad government started with Sala
judum that is
vigilent group where the local tribal
groups will be given training and
support by the central government and
they will have to counter the Nell
related violence now of course a lot of
controversies were there surrounding the
salaj judum as well but this shows that
2010 or 2005 10 and 12 onwards a lot of
proactive measures were taken by the
state government and central government
in countering this nalism countering
nalism became a very prominent strategy
for our internal security Doctrine in
this particular era in the current ERA
also so we see a lot of proactive
measures being taken by a lot of
stakeholders in countering this naxalism
and left-wing extremism in our country
now since we have understood that how
nalism manifested in our country how
maoism came into being or how leftwing
extremism spread in our country what is
very important for us to understand is
that even after these measures why has
naxalism not ended in our country and
what should be the way forward the way
forward should obviously be to hit the
root cause of nalism and the root causes
alienation because people feel alienated
they support knels if we are able to
eliminate alienation in our country that
no group in our country feels alienated
we will be able to basically cut the
pipeline of support towards nalism so we
need to involve alienated sections
alienated masses into the mainstream to
counter this and we have to work on
three different fronts first is
institutional second is ideological and
third is Rehabilitation we need to
strengthen our institutions that is
State Police and the central government
Armed Forces as well we need to also
give a counter ideology towards that of
nalism so counter ideology needs to be
presented that nalism is not the
solution what a solution is a democracy
what a solution is that you get elected
you come into the parliament you demand
your rights or you work towards
achieving what you deserve third is that
of Rehabilitation that means knels who
have converted and come into the come
into the mainstream and they want to be
rehab at we need to provide them skill
development we need to provide them
rights and entitlements in that of land
and Forest as well so the resources we
need to provide them and we need to
upskill themselves so that they can
merge with the mainstream society and
nalism as a problem can be solved all
together so I hope you understood or
gained New Perspective from this
particular session all the very best and
have a nice day
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