Makalah "Filsafat Ketuhanan Dalam Islam" (PAI) IBI Kesatuan

Summary

This video lecture, delivered by a group of students, explores the concept of divinity in Islam. It begins with a discussion on the philosophy of divinity, emphasizing the importance of monotheism, with key references from the Quran. The students examine various historical and philosophical perspectives on the existence of God, including Max Muller's theories on Western thought and Islamic views such as the science of kalam, tauhid, and Usuluddin. The lecture also covers the Islamic theological schools of thought and arguments for proving God's existence through both rational (aqli) and scriptural (naqli) sources, concluding with reflections on faith and worship.

Takeaways

• 😀 Philosophy of divinity in Islam is centered around the love and worship of Allah, emphasizing the fundamental belief in His oneness.
• 😀 The term 'philosophy' comes from 'philos' (love) and 'sophia' (knowledge or wisdom), indicating the pursuit of divine wisdom in Islam.
• 😀 Divine philosophy in Islam involves understanding Allah’s existence through revelation and contemplation, leading to a deeper belief in His oneness.
• 😀 The Quran clearly conveys the message of monotheism, with verses such as Surah Al-Anbiya, Surah Al-Maidah, and Surah Al-Baqarah, which emphasize the worship of only one God.
• 😀 Human thought about God evolved through different phases, including dynamism, animism, polytheism, and ultimately monotheism as a belief in one God for all nations.
• 😀 Islamic thought has led to the development of 'kalam' (Islamic theology) and the science of 'tauhid' (monotheism), focusing on understanding God's attributes and nature.
• 😀 Key theological schools in Islam include Muktazilah (rationalists), Qodariyah (free will), Jabariyah (determinism), and Ash'ariyyah (middle path between free will and determinism).
• 😀 The concept of God in Islam is affirmed through both 'aqli' (rational) arguments and 'naqli' (scriptural) evidence, highlighting the importance of both reason and divine revelation.
• 😀 The 'aqli' argument involves recognizing God through the natural world and human understanding, while the 'naqli' argument involves scriptural proofs from the Quran and Sunnah.
• 😀 Islamic philosophy stresses that faith is based on trust in Allah's commands, and that humans must strive to fulfill His commandments and avoid prohibitions, as explained in the concept of 'taqwa'.

Q & A

What is the philosophy of divinity in Islam?

The philosophy of divinity in Islam refers to the wisdom of understanding and determining the existence and nature of God (Allah) through reasoning and reflection. It emphasizes the concept of pure monotheism (Tawhid), where God is the sole object of worship, as outlined in Islamic teachings.

What does the term 'philosophy' mean in the context of Islamic divinity?

In this context, 'philosophy' is derived from the Greek words 'philos' meaning love and 'sophia' meaning wisdom or knowledge. It represents the pursuit of wisdom regarding the nature of God and the universe, leading to a deeper understanding of divine truth.

What does the Quran say about the concept of monotheism?

The Quran stresses the principle of monotheism, as shown in verses like Surah Al-Anbiya (21:25) and Surah Al-Baqarah (2:163), which declare the oneness of God. These verses emphasize that worship should be directed solely to Allah, rejecting any form of association with other deities.

How does Western thought about God evolve according to Max Muller?

Max Muller proposed that Western thought about God evolved in stages, beginning with dynamism (the belief in impersonal forces), then animism (the belief in spirits residing in objects), followed by polytheism (belief in multiple gods), henotheism (worship of one god without denying others), and culminating in monotheism (the belief in one God).

What is the difference between Western and Islamic thoughts on God?

Western thought about God evolved through various stages from polytheism to monotheism, whereas Islamic thought emphasizes the oneness of God (Tawhid) from the beginning, with a deep focus on monotheism as the core belief of Islam. Islamic thought also developed through the science of Kalam and theology.

What are the four key schools of thought in Islamic theology (Kalam)?

The four key schools of thought in Islamic theology are: 1) Muktazilah, which emphasizes rationalism; 2) Qodariyah, which focuses on human free will; 3) Jabariyah, which believes in predestination; and 4) Ash'ariyyah, which takes a middle path between free will and predestination.

What role do 'Aqli' and 'Naqli' arguments play in proving the existence of God in Islam?

'Aqli' arguments refer to rational arguments based on human intellect and reasoning, such as the inherent desire to know and recognize God. 'Naqli' arguments rely on revealed texts, particularly the Quran and Sunnah, to guide believers in recognizing and understanding the true nature of God.

What does the term 'Tawhid' mean in Islamic theology?

Tawhid is the Islamic belief in the absolute oneness of God. It asserts that God is the only deity worthy of worship and is free from any partners or equals. Tawhid is the foundation of Islamic belief and is emphasized throughout the Quran.

What are the different types of belief in God described in the history of human thought?

The history of human thought about God describes several stages: 1) Dynamism (belief in impersonal forces), 2) Animism (belief that objects have spirits), 3) Theism (belief in gods with specific powers), 4) Polytheism (belief in multiple gods), and 5) Monotheism (belief in one God).

How does the concept of God in Islam relate to the Fitrah (human nature)?

In Islam, the Fitrah refers to the natural disposition or innate nature of humans to recognize and believe in God. It is through this natural instinct, along with reason, that humans are able to acknowledge the existence of God, even before the revelation of divine texts.