Benzena dan Turunannya • Part 6: Sifat dan Kegunaan Senyawa Turunan Benzena (2)

Summary

This video delves into the properties, reactions, and uses of various benzene derivatives, such as salicylic acid, aspirin, and benzene sulfonic acid. It explains chemical processes like esterification, oxidation, and acid-base reactions, with a focus on practical applications in medicine, skincare, and industry. Key compounds such as methyl salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid, and paracetamol are covered, along with their role in pain relief and other uses. The video concludes by demonstrating how sodium benzoate can be synthesized from benzene in a multi-step reaction, offering valuable insights into organic chemistry and its real-world implications.

Takeaways

• 😀 Salicylic acid is the parent acid of hydroxybenzoic acid and can undergo esterification reactions to form compounds like methyl salicylate and acetylsalicylic acid.
• 😀 Methyl salicylate, also known as Gandapura or wind oil, is a derivative of salicylic acid and is used in liniments.
• 😀 Acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, is a derivative of salicylic acid and is widely used as an analgesic and for heart disease treatment.
• 😀 Benzene sulfonic acid is used as a raw material for making detergents and has derivatives like saccharin (artificial sweetener) and sulfate drugs.
• 😀 Xylene, or dimethylbenzene, has three isomers—ortho, meta, and para—and is used to produce terephthalic acid for polyester manufacturing.
• 😀 Mesitylene, or trimethylbenzene, is used as a solvent in research and industry due to its chemical structure with three methyl groups on the benzene ring.
• 😀 Terephthalic acid (1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) is used as a raw material for producing phenolphthalein, dyes, and synthetic polyester fibers.
• 😀 Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is derived from acetylating para-aminophenol and is commonly used as a pain reliever and fever reducer.
• 😀 Styrene, also known as vinyl benzene, is the base material for making polystyrene polymers, commonly used in synthetic rubber products.
• 😀 The formation of sodium benzoate from benzene involves three stages: alkylation to form toluene, oxidation to produce benzoic acid, and an acid-base reaction with NaOH to form sodium benzoate.

Q & A

What is salicylic acid, and how is it related to hydroxybenzoic acid?

Salicylic acid is the parent acid of hydroxybenzoic acid. It is derived from benzoic acid, where a hydroxyl group is attached at the ortho position to the carboxyl group, forming salicylic acid.

What happens when salicylic acid reacts with methanol?

When salicylic acid reacts with methanol (CH3OH), an esterification reaction occurs. The hydroxyl group of salicylic acid combines with methanol to form methyl salicylate, a methyl ester of hydroxybenzoate.

What is acetylsalicylic acid, and how is it formed?

Acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, is formed by the esterification of salicylic acid with acetic acid. The hydroxyl group of salicylic acid reacts with the acetyl group from acetic acid to form acetylsalicylic acid, with water as a byproduct.

What are the uses of salicylic acid?

Salicylic acid is used in the treatment of skin diseases as an ointment or powder, as a raw material for producing aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), and as a preservative and antiseptic in hair cleansers.

What is the role of methyl salicylate, and where is it used?

Methyl salicylate, also known as Gandapura or Gondopuro oil, is used in liniments and wind oils. It is the main component in products used to relieve muscle pain or discomfort.

What are the different isomers of xylene, and how are they named?

Xylene has three isomers: ortho-xylene (1,2-dimethylbenzene), meta-xylene (1,3-dimethylbenzene), and para-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene). These isomers are named based on the positions of the methyl groups on the benzene ring.

How is terephthalic acid related to polyester production?

Terephthalic acid, which is a benzene derivative with two carboxyl groups at the 1,4 positions, is used as a raw material for producing polyester fibers, phenolphthalein indicator, dyes, medicines, and fragrances.

What is paracetamol, and how is it formed?

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is formed by the acetylation of para-aminophenol. The amino group of para-aminophenol is replaced by an acetyl group, forming paracetamol, which is widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic.

What is the use of styrene, and what is its primary application?

Styrene, also known as vinyl benzene, is used as the base material for producing polystyrene polymers, which are commonly used in synthetic rubber, rubber bands, and car tires.

How is sodium benzoate produced from benzene?

To produce sodium benzoate from benzene, three stages are required: 1) Alkylation of benzene to form toluene, 2) Oxidation of toluene to form benzoic acid, and 3) Reaction of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium benzoate.